• Title/Summary/Keyword: sizing degree

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Neutral Sizing of Linerboard Using Fast Cure Type AKD (급속경화형 AKD를 이용한 라이너지의 중성 사이징)

  • Lee Hak-Lae;Seo Man-Seok;Shin Jong-Ho;Youn Hye-Jung
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.38 no.1 s.113
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2006
  • To overcome troubles in strength and process of linerboard caused by raw materials, a neutral sizing which is usual in fine paper making can be considered. A new sizing agent is necessary to show good performance in a system with high conductivity and COD. In this study, fast cure type AKD was examined as a new sizing agent and compared with conventional AKD. The effects of fixing agent addition and drying condition were also investigated. Fast cure type AKD which has a higher cationicity showed better sizing degree than conventional AKD in spite of low addition level and no curing treatment. And when fixing agent of sufficient amount was added, sizing degree was improved for both AKDs. High cationicity is a crucial factor for neutral sizing of linerboard for obtaining fast and stable sizing degree. Drying with temperature over $100^{\circ}$ was desirable for developing sizing degree.

Automatic Measurement System for Sizing Test I (사이즈도 자동 측정 시스템 개발을 위한 기초연구 I)

  • Kim, Gyeong-Cheol;Kim, Cheol-Hwan;Lee, Ji-Yeong;Sheikh, Mominul Islam;Park, Hyeon-Jin;Kim, Seong-Ho;Sim, Seong-Ung;Jo, Hu-Seung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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    • 2011.10a
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    • pp.327-333
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    • 2011
  • This study investigated the prime difference between different methods for measuring a sizing degree. Based on the results coming from the study, a new type of the automatic measuring system of a sizing degree. The system includes synchronized devices for measuring contact angle and St$\ddot{o}$ckigt sizing degree at the same time.

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Effect of White Water Quality on AKD Sizing of Linerboard (백수의 수질에 따른 라이너지의 AKD 사이징)

  • Lee, Hak-Lae;Seo, Man-Seok;Shin, Jong-Ho;Youn, Hye-Jung
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.38 no.2 s.115
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2006
  • Neutral sizing is required for linerboard to solve the troubles in strength and process caused by recycled raw materials. AKD sizing efficiency can be influenced by process condition like white water quality, fines retention and so on. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate sizing performance of general and fast cure type AKDs using process water obtained from linerboard mill. To evaluate effect of process water quality on AKD sizing, white water was diluted with tap water at the different dilution ratios and UKP slurry was sized using the prepared water. Also, effects of inorganic and organic ion material on sizing were examined. When white water was used for stock forming, UKP sheet showed very low sizing degree. Sizing degree of sheet was increased with increase of dilution ratio because water quality was improved. Especially anionic organic material had a greater influence on AKD sizing than inorganic material. When white water quality was deteriorated, fast cure type AKD showed superior sizing performance to general type AKD.

Automatic Test Method of Sizing Degree by Analysis of Liquid Penetration and its Surface Behavior (액체 침투 특성과 표면 거동 분석을 이용한 사이즈도 자동측정법)

  • Lee, Ji-Young;Kim, Gyung-Chul;Kim, Chul-Hwan;Sheikh, M.I.;Park, Hyun-Jin;Kim, Sung-Ho;Sim, Sung-Woong;Cho, Hu-Seung
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.18-28
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    • 2012
  • This study was to develop a novel automatic system for measuring St$\ddot{o}$ckigt sizing degree and contact angle at a time. The conventional methods to measure sizing degree had serious problems in obtaining significant differences according to different dosages of a sizing agent, and moreover they disclosed unique limitation due to liquid types used and tester's subjectivity. However, the newly developed system could get reproducible results through total automation of all procedures including liquid dropping, image acquisition and measurement of both St$\ddot{o}$ckigt sizing degree and contact angle. For the St$\ddot{o}$ckigt sizing test, the automatic system could measure sizing degree with more definite differences according to different dosage of AKD, compared to the conventional method. For the contact angle test, the automatic system showed a similar trend to the conventional method but had smaller contact angles due to distortion of an image focus by a sheet curl than the conventional testing machine. The problem from the image out of focus due to specimen curl will be overcome with adopting a new specimen holder for the future system.

Automatic Color Recognition System for Stockigt Sizing Test (II) - Application of the automatic recognition principle of red coloration for developing the novel automatic system - (스테키히트 시험용 자동발색인지 시스템 개발을 위한 기초 연구(II) -자동 발색 인지 원리를 적용한 발색 자동인지시스템-)

  • Kim, Jae-Ok;Kim, Chul-Hwan;Park, Chong-Yawl;Kwon, Oh-Chul
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.37 no.1 s.109
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    • pp.73-81
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    • 2005
  • Stockigt sizing test, which is readily affected by individual tester's bias as well as testing conditions in recognizing red coloration, had to be modified to improve its reliability and reproducibility. The novel testing system with the automatic recognizing program of red coloration was developed with the auxiliary equipments including an automatic liquid dispenser and a specimen shifter. The analysis program used a hue value of a droplet image in recognizing a point of time on red coloration instead of RGB values that are not similar to human perception of color. Hue was more sensitive in recognizing the red coloration of a droplet than the other two factors, Saturation and Value. During the test, the program records the time consumed up to a specific hue value of a droplet on a specimen. Differently from the conventional test, the automatic test could obtain a reliable and reproducible sizing degree with a minor error. Furthermore, the Stockigt sizing degree measured by the automatic system showed great correlations with contact angle and Hercules sizing degree. It means that such great correlations will contribute to the development of an integrated measuring system capable of predicting contact angle, surface tension, surface energy and Hercules sizing degree of paper and paperboards through the Stbckigt sizing test. It was meaningful to note that the automatic system for Stbckigt sizing test might be able to used to predict contact angle, Hercules and Cobb sizing degree, based upon the high correlation coefficients.

Alkaline Sizing of TMP with AKD (AKD에 의한 TMP의 중성사이징)

  • 김봉용
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2002
  • Alkaline sizing characteristics of TMP (thermomechanical pulp) handsheets with AKD (alkylketene dimer) were studied under various conditions. The sizing degree of TMP handsheet was much lower than that of chemical pulp. Especially, the sized TMP handsheet dried at $20^{\circ}C$ showed no sizing features, but sizing degree of TMP handsheet was clearly Increased by heat treatment at $105^{\circ}C$. The sizing effect of TMP was also improved by addition of $CaCO_3$, but it was not affected by pH. Therefore, sizing effect of TMP with AKD can be improved to some extent by controlling stock condition and heat treatment of handsheet.

Coagulation of Cationic Rosin Emulsion and its Effect on Ink Receptivity of Coating Layer (양이온성 로진 에멀션의 응결현상이 도공층의 잉크흡수성에 미치는 영향)

  • 박철웅;이학래
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.74-83
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    • 1998
  • The phenomenon of decrease in sizing efficiency when the stock temperature is increased is well recognized as summer sizing, and this is believed to be caused by uneven distribution of sizing agents on paper surface most often incurred by coagulation of sizing agents. When unevenly sized paper is used as coating base stock, nonuniform consolidation of the coating layer may result, which, in turn, causes uneven distribution of binder on coating surface. This causes nonuniform ink absorption to produce print mottle. In this study the effects of simple or polymeric electrolytes, storage temperature and time on the coagulation of cationic dispersed rosin size were investigated using a turbidity measurement method which was verified to correlate well with the particle size of rosin emulsion or its coagulates. Handsheets sized with rosin dispersions coagulated under various conditions were prepared and their sizing degree and coated paper properties including gloss and ink density were examined. The relationship between the sizing nonuniformity of coated papers and its ink absorption property was evaluated. Turbidity of rosin emulsion increased as the storage temperature and time were increased. Addition of simple or polymeric electrolytes caused reduction in $zeta$ -potential of the rosin dispersion and accelerated the coagulation tendency substantially. Reversion of the $zeta$ -potential of rosin dispersion, however, did not occur when coagulation was induced with simple electrolytes. On the other hand, addition of an anionic polyelectrolyte reversed the $zeta$ -potential of the flocculated rosin dispersion. This indicated that electrical double layer compaction and bridging flocculation were coagulation mechanisms for simple and polymeric electrolytes, respectively. Sizing degree decreased as coagulation of rosin was increased. Paper gloss, ink gloss and ink density were increased when sizing degree of base stock was increased most probably due to prevention of base paper swelling and increased binder migration to coating surface. This suggested that uneven printing ink density occurred when uneven sizing development was induced by coagulation of rosin particles.

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Development of a Novel System for Measuring Sizing Degree Based on Contact Angle (II) - Reliability and Reproducibility of the New Automatic Measuring System for Contact Angle - (접촉각 측정 원리를 이용한 새로운 사이즈도 측정기 (제2보) -자동 접촉각 측정 시스템의 신뢰성 및 재현성 -)

  • 이찬용;김철환;최경민;박종열;권오철
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.53-58
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    • 2003
  • The newly developed system for measuring a contact angle on a sheet was examined to investigate reliability and reproducibility of the measured results. It was clearly confirmed that the automatic contact angle measuring system was much faster and more reliable way to determine the water resistance of a sheet, comparing with Cobb and Stockigt sizing tests. Cobb test showed less significant results with stringently sized sheets, and Stockigt test exhibited the big deviations by discrepancy of the recognition point of coloring according to different testers in spite of explicit test results. On the other hand, the contact angles measured by the automatic system were reproduced with less deviations, irrespectively of different testers. It was interesting to note that the contact angle might be able to used to predict Cobb and Stockigt sizing degree, based upon the high correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.97. Hereafter the automatic system will be upgraded to predict Cobb and stockigt sizing degree through the measurement of contact angle.

The Physical Properties of Sizing Yarn According to Sizing Condition (가호조건에 따른 호부사의 물성변화)

  • 박명수
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 2004
  • Polyester fabrics, which is a major product in Daegu and Kyungbuk district, recently have a frequent warp streak phenomenon of sizing textiles for peach skin. So, this paper intensively focuses on the analysis of finding causes of poor products which may be produced in the process of sizing. Depending on the changes of sizing yarn's physical characteristic varying on sizing conditions, results of the research are as followed. 1. Sizing add-on rate, following tension changes of originally supplied yarn in sizing, does not fluctuate until 30g sizing tension, but marks high on the increase of sizing speed. 2. Sizing add-on amount increases approximately by 2.5% when interlacing pressure is raised from 1.5kg/$cm^2$ to 3.5kg/$cm^2$ at $130^{\circ}C$ sizing temperature. 3. Following the increase of sizing tension from 10g to 50g, boiling shrinkage rate of desizing yarn changes approximately from 7% to 11%. But the more sizing temperature and speed increases, the bigger the change rate becomes. 4. The thermal stress of desizing yarn is sensitively influenced by sizing tension in the sizing degree of above $130^{\circ}C$. 5. The deviation rate of sizing yarn's initial modulus value, which is influenced by air pressure in interlacing raw yarn, marks the highest at 40g and 50g strength.

A Study on the Cloth Sizing System for Middle Aged Obese Men -35-55 Years of Age- (중년 비만남성용 의복사이즈 체계 연구 -35~55세를 중심으로-)

  • Seong, Ok-Jin;Park, Kwang-Ae
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.231-243
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    • 2012
  • This study examines the characteristics of fat body type males aged 35 to 55 with a BMI rate higher than 25 categorized as mid-degree obesity and high-degree obesity according to the $6^{th}$ Size Korea; in addition, the study provides a sizing system for obese males. The physical characteristics of the obese male appeared to be with a shorter lower body compared to an upper body for a higher degree of obesity. Obesity appeared evenly from chest to thigh circumference compared to a normal group. Especially, their waist measurement, depth, and width were significantly larger as well as the crotch length (natural indentation) and a larger waist measurement. As for the cloth sizing system, this study suggests the sizes with higher distribution among the designated size intervals of casual tops, men's suit tops and bottoms based on standard stature, chest size and waist circumference (Omphalion) by KS.