• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect on 5 chronic insomnia patients according to the oriental medical treatment and sleep restriction therapy. These patients were treated with Sa-Am acupunture therapy(瞻正格), Ondam-tang, sleep restriction therapy and evaluated about comfort and improvement after therapy. The result of this research showed that all patients were satisfied with improvement of insomnia subjectively. I considered that chronic insomnia can be improved by oriental medical treatment with sleep restriction therapy and continuous research must be accumulated subsequently.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2011

The goal of this study was to clarify effects of sleep restriction on a diurnal rhythm of salivary cortisol and DHEA levels in Korean adolescents.83 middle school students were recruited to participate in restricted sleep period group (less than 4h/day) or unrestricted sleep period group (from 6h/day to 7h/day). Both were 14 to 17 years old. They were instructed to keep the sleep-awakening schedule and sampling protocol. Saliva samples of cortisol and DHEA were collected at 8h, 12h, 16h and 20h. Salivary hormones were analysed with salivary cortisol(or DHEA) EIA kit according to a fixed assay protocol. Cortisol levels of restricted sleep period group and unrestricted sleep period group significantly decreased according to the sampling times. Cortisol levels of sleep restricted group was significantly higher than those of usual sleep group at all sampling times. At 8h, DHEA levels of both groups were significantly higher than those at 12h, 16h and 20h. However, DHEA levels of restricted sleep period group did not differ from those of unrestricted sleep period group at all sampling times.Cortisol and DHEA levels of both group showed the typical diurnal rhythm regardless of sleep status. Restricted sleep may increased cortisol release, not DHEA release, which indicated a changed HPA axis.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2002

Various sleep-related problems are common in pregnant women. Sleep disorders may result in intrauterine growth restriction as well as harm to pregnant women. Pharmacotherapy of sleep disorders in pregnancy require cautious judgement. All physicians managing sleep-related problems of pregnant women in clinical practice need to understand sleep-related problems and their management in pregnancy. Therefore, I have reviewed the literature on normal sleep, sleep disorders and their management in pregnancy.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2017

본 연구는 7주령의 백서 40마리를 이용하여 만성 분절수면과 식이제한이 식욕조절 호르몬을 포함한 심혈관 위험지표에 미치는 영향에 대해 실험하였다. 13일 동안의 만성적인 분절수면 및 식이제한의 조건에 노출된 백서의 체중 변화와 혈중 leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine 등의 호르몬 농도, 심혈관 위험지표인 혈중 총콜레스테롤, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, 중성지방, 유리지방산의 농도를 대조군 및 3군의 실험군(만성 분절수면 군, 식이제한 군, 분절수면과 식이제한 모두를 적용한 군)에서 비교하였다. 그 결과 실험기간 동안 만성 분절수면 군에서 백서의 체중이 증가하며, 혈중 leptin 및 adiponectin 농도가 감소하고 ghrelin 농도가 증가하여 결국 혈중 LDL-cholesterol 농도가 증가하였다. 분절수면과 식이제한을 동시에 적용한 백서에서는 체중이 감소하고 adiponectin 농도는 대조군과 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며 ghrelin 농도는 분절수면만 했던 백서에 비해 감소한 것으로 나타나 식이제한이 식욕을 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 이들 백서에서 혈중 leptin 농도가 현격히 감소하고 혈중 LDL-cholesterol 농도가 증가하는 양상을 나타내 만성 분절수면 환자들의 심한 식이제한이 심혈관질환의 위험을 더욱 증가시킬 수 있다는 결과를 보여주었다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2000

Several nonpharmacological treatment methods of insomnia and their effects were reviewed. A long-term use of most hypnotics may produce tolerance, dependence, cognitive and psychomotor impairments at daytime, shallow sleep, and rebound insomnia on drug withdrawal. To reduce hypnotic abuse, nonpharmacological strategies have been developed to correct disordered behavioral and cognitive factors. These treatments aim at modifying maladaptive sleep habits, lowering physiological and cognitive arousal levels, and correcting dysfuctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep. These non-pharmacological or cognitive behavior treatments include stimulus control, sleep restriction, relaxation training, sleep hygiene education, cognitive therapy, and light therapy. Among them the stimulus control therapy has been demonstrated most effective as a single treatment or in combination with other treatments. Through nonpharmacological treatments, sleep latency was most significantly reduced and wake time after sleep onset was also reduced. About 50% of insomniacs reported clinical improvements in terms of nearly normalized sleep latency, awakening time, sleep efficiency, and reduction of hypnotic use. Compared to the hypnotic therapy, nonpharmacological treatments are more cost-effective and more readily accepted by patients, and their effects last longer.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2023

Purpose: This study investigated correlations between the actual sleep time 24 hours prior to an examination and the time to achieve chloral hydrate sedation in pediatric patients. Methods: With parental consent, 84 children who were placed under moderate or deep sedation with chloral hydrate for examinations from November 19, 2020 to July 9, 2022 were recruited. Results: Patients' average age was 19.9 months. Pediatric neurology patients and those who underwent electroencephalography took significantly longer to achieve sedation with chloral hydrate. There was a negative correlation between the time to achieve sedation and actual sleep time within 24 hours prior to the examination. Positive correlations were found between the actual sleep time 24 hours prior to the examination and the second dose per weight, as well as between the sedation recovery time and awake hours before the examination. Conclusion: Sleep restriction is not an effective adjuvant therapy for chloral hydrate sedation in children, and sedation effects vary according to pediatric patients' characteristics. Therefore, it would be possible to reduce the unnecessary efforts of caregivers who restrict children's sleep for examinations. It is more important to educate parents about safe sedation than about sleep restriction.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2001

The prevalence of insomnia and the degree of impairment due to insomnia is greater than in the of young. The cause for insomnia in the elderly are various factors among the elderly is known to be high including medical, psychiatric, drug issues, circadian rhythm changes, sleep disorders, and psychosocial. So the careful evaluation to find the cause of insomnia is needed for the eldery. Treatment options for insomnia include behavior modification and pharmacotherapy. Outcome data from previous studies indicate that behavioral approaches produce reliable and durable therapeutic benefits, as evidenced by improved sleep efficiency and continuity and enhanced satisfaction with sleep patterns. Treatment methods such as stimulus control and sleep restriction, which target maladaptive sleep habits, are especially beneficial for older insomniacs, whereas relaxation-based interventions aimed at decreasing arousal, produce more limited effects. Cognitive and educational interventions are instrumental in altering age-related dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep. The choice of hypnotics is based on matching the nature of the insomnia to the hypnotic agent. The ideal agent has rapid onset, duration of action that lasts through the night but no residual daytime effects, and no adverse effects. The key for the healthcare professional is finding the appropriate treatment or treatment combination, including behavioral modification and pharmacotherapy. When hypnotics are indicated, the most appropriate short-acting agent should be considered.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2012

Melatonin has been studied as a potential treatment of cancer, immune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, depression, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), circadian rhythm sleep disorders, sexual dysfunction and some forms of insomnia. Prolonged release melatonin has shown good results in treating insomnia in older adults. It may ameliorate circadian misalignment and SAD. Basic research indicates that melatonin may play a significant role in modulating the effects of drugs of abuse such as cocaine. A 2004 review found that melatonin significantly increased total sleep time in people suffering from sleep restriction. Therefore, in this study, in order to explain characteristics of melatonin, total energy, net charge, vibrational mode of melatonin are calculated by PM3 methods of HyperCam 6.0.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.407-421
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• 2016

본 연구는 만성 일차성 불면증 환자에게 적용한 인지행동중재의 효과를 평가하는 16개의 논문을 메타분석한 것이다. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL와 여러 개의 국내 데이타 베이스를 통해 2015년 1월부터 2015년 6월까지 자료검색이 이루어졌다. 주요 검색전략은 인지행동중재와 불면증을 병합하여 이루어졌다. 논문의 방법론적 질 평가는 코크란의 RoB(The Cochrane's Risk of Bias)를 사용하였다. 자료는 Cochrane Library의 RevMan 5.3 프로그램으로 분석하였다. 최종 16편의 논문, 1503명의 대상자가 선정기준에 부합되었다. 자극조절요법, 수면제한법, 수면위생교육과 인지적 재구성이 인지행동중재의 주요 치료적 구성요소였다. 인지행동 중재의 적용 주수는 평균 5.4주, 적용횟수 평균 5.5회, 1회 평균 중재시간 90분으로 조사되었다. 인지행동중재의 효과는 총 수면시간(d=-0.31), 수면 잠복기(d=-0.29), 입면 후 각성시간(d=-0.55), 수면효율성(d=-0.70), 불면증 심각성(d=-0.77)과 수면에 대한 신념 및 태도(d=-0.64)에 유의하였다. 전반적으로 작은 효과크기에서 중간 정도의 효과크기를 나타냈다. 인지행동중재는 불안(d=-0.30)과 우울(d=-0.35)에도 효과적이었다. 이러한 결과는 인지행동중재가 불면증이 있는 환자들의 수면의 질과 수면시간을 증진시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

PURPOSE: In this study, we tried to find out what kind of exercise was more effective in sleep disorder by comparing melatonin in blood after applying low intensity with high intensity exercise to sleep disordered rats induced by experiment. METHODS: We used male Sprague-Dawley rats which were 8weeks old and weighted 300g. They were supplied with water and food without any restriction. We kept the room temperature at $25^{\circ}C$ and controld the length of day and night in 12 hours blocks, respectively. We divided the rats 60 into 2 groups. To one group we applied low intensity exercise, and to the other we applied high intensity exercise for 15minutes per day over a period of 4 weeks. We extracted the blood from abdominal aorta before, after exercise, moved into EDTA tube, performed centrifugation. We decanted the serum $200{\mu}l$ from the blood into microcentrifuge tube by samples and moved into polypropylene culture tubes with micro pipette. We split enzyme solution $50{\mu}l$ into the tubes with melatonin direct kits and make them react at $37^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. We split assay buffer $50{\mu}l$ into each tube and mixed melatonin tracer $50{\mu}l$ and melatonin antiserum $50{\mu}l$, respectively. After we made them react in room temperature, we decanted the superficial layer with a centrifuge and measured the activity for 1 minute by competitive method with ${\gamma}$-counter equipment. We draw a standard curve through logit-log graph with CPM(counts per minute) and counted the melatonin by B/B0. We conducted independent t-test to examine the homogeneous of melatonin value of before low-intensity and high-intensity exercise. We performed paired t-test to compare before and after low-intensity and high-intensity exercise, respectively. We carried out independent t-test to compare melatonin value after low-intensity and high-intensity exercise. Significance level was .05. RESULTS: The results were as follows; firstly melatonin was more increased in the group who was exposed to high intensity exercise when we compared before to after high and low intensity exercise, respectively. Secondly, high intensity exercise was more effective than low intensity exercise when we compared the two. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, secretion of melatonin which is the material of sleep improvement could be promoted by high intensity exercise. Low intensity exercise acted as a stress rather than improving sleep and had a negative effect on the secretion of melatonin because the melatonin was affected by stress.