• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.182-186
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• 2008

An 11-year-old mixed breed male dog was presented with a thoracoabdominal wall mass of 3-year duration. Initial tentative diagnosis of osteosarcoma was made. Despite chemotherapy treatment, 72 days following the date of presentation, the dog was euthanized. Based upon necropsy and histopathologic findings, the tumor was definitely diagnosed as a combined type osteosarcoma of the rib. At necropsy examination, the tumor extended the left kidney and diaphragm, but distant metastasis was not found. The tumor's weight was 2.3kg and that was 38.3% of the dog's weight. This case report describes the clinicopathological, computed tomographic, histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings of extensive rib osteosarcoma in a small breed dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2016

Necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) is a unique idiopathic nonsuppurative inflammatory disease of central nervous system in small-sized breed dogs. A 9-year-old intact male Shih-Tzu dog with anorexia, vomiting, salivation and intermittent seizures was submitted to the Jeju National University for diagnosis. Grossly, there were no obvious lesions in the brain, except dilatation of most blood vessels in meninges. Histopathologically, brain revealed severe multifocal nonsuppurative inflammation in perivascular area of meninges and cerebral cortex. Some areas of cerebral parenchyma were replaced with lots of macrophages contained periodic acid-Schiff positive materials. Many new-formed blood vessels were observed around the necrotic regions using Gomori reticulum stain. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were negative for toxoplasmosis and canine distemper virus. Based on the gross, histopathologic features and antigen detection methods, this case was diagnosed as NME. Here we reported the NME in relatively uncommon breed, Shih-Tzu dog, than other small breed dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.429-433
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to find anatomical variation of each small breed dog's dentition for designing more effective dental chews. Small breed dogs were volunteered for dental impressions with dental stone and alginate under tiletamine-zolazepam, tramadol, and medetomidine intravenous anesthesia. Twenty-two criteria were measured to compare dental impressions. Twenty-five dogs (9 Malteses, 8 Miniature Poodles, and 8 Shih-Tzus) were recruited. Statistically, Shih-Tzus had smaller teeth and shorter interdental spaces than those of Maltese and Miniature Poodles. Grossly, the distance between upper teeth and lower teeth was wider in Shih-Tzus. Shih-Tzu had different dental anatomy in comparative to Miniature Poodle and Maltese. It was recommended to design the dental chew considering these differences.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2014

The study aimed at determining the feasibility of three portal totally Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy in small breed dogs. Four right sided and one left sided abdomen retained testicles in five dogs weighing 2.2~8.7 kg were retrieved successfully. Pampiniform plexus and vas deference were ligated and transected with Hem-o-lock/monopolar electrocauterization (1/5), or ultrasonic scalpel (4/5) and the latter provided more easy, quick and safe hemostasis and transection. The resected testis was easily removed through a insertion site. Mean surgical time was $19.9{\pm}15.2$ minutes and when the abdominal cavity was explored again, there were no major complications. The patient recovered favorably without unwilling events. This is the case report of laparoscopic cryptorchidectomies in small breed dogs weigh less than 10 kg. Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy could be considered as an alternative in small animal surgery.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.330-335
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• 2023

Platelet function evaluation by PFA-100 or -200 has been known to be objective and sensitive for assessing platelet function and dysfunction of Von Willebrand Factor in humans and dogs. However, using the C/EPI cartridge in dogs is controversial. This study aimed to establish a reference range for PFA closure time in healthy small breed dogs (body weight < 10 kg) and to evaluate the effectiveness of both C/ADP and C/EPI cartridges for these dogs. Citrated blood samples were collected from 50 clinically healthy small breed dogs that were admitted for presurgical procedures or health checkups, and closure times were measured using the PFA-200. Reference ranges were determined as 42-144 s (median 67 s, mean 71.2 s, SD ± 21.2 s, 95% RI 43-140 s) , for CT-C/ADP and 41-200 s (median 87, mean 91.2 s, SD ± 31.8 s, 95% RI 44-195 s) for CT-C/EPI. The present study demonstrated that the reference ranges for PFA closure times in small breed dogs are in line with existing reference ranges. The utilization of C/ADP cartridges is the preferred choice for evaluating platelet function in small breed dogs. However, due to variable responses of epinephrine to platelet aggregation in dogs, caution should be exercised when using C/EPI cartridges.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2001

Semen were collected from 9 male dogs and frozen by liquid nitrogengas. Frozen semen were thawed at 7$0^{\circ}C$ for 8 seconds. About $2{\timss}10^8$ sperm per insemination were inseminated to 10 bitches (3 Retrievers, 4 Chihuahuas, 1 Yorkshire Terriers, 1 Maltese, and 1 Poodle) at three and six days after the estimated peak of luteinizing hormone. For small breed dogs, uretero-renoscope (Kahl Storz, Germany, 12.5 Fr) was used for trans-cervical insemination, whereas cystoscope(Kahl Storz, Germany, 22Fr) was used for large breeds (Retrievers). Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography at 30 days after insemination. All of 3 Retrievers (100.0%) and 3 bitches of 7 small breed dogs (42.9%) were conceived (60.0% in total). This result indicated that trans-cervical insemination using endoscope is an effective method for AI with frozen semen not only for large breed dogs such as Retriever but also for small breeds.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.297-300
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• 2020

Lameness is a variation of normal gait in an animal, and it means that one or more limbs cannot be used correctly to allow the animal to walk. In the usual context, the incidence of hindlimb lameness in dogs is most likely the result of trauma, joint diseases, and/or congenital diseases. Generally speaking, the factors influencing hindlimb lameness include the animal's specific breed, size, weight, and whether it engages in frequent or strenuous activities. Many studies have investigated the incidence of lameness of large breed dogs, as compared to small breed dogs. Considering that many domestic dogs are small breeds, the lameness of small breed dogs with a high population in Korea was evaluated. The major causes of hindlimb lameness were found to be joint, musculoskeletal, and neurological abnormalities and the most were identified as joint diseases. Among the joint diseases, it was noted that a patellar luxation was the most common, of which the grade 3 medial patellar luxation was the highest rated type of joint disease noted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.188-188
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 2022

Blood type in dogs is based on the antigen present on the red blood cell surface. Dog erythrocyte antigen 1 is a crucial red blood cell antigen in dogs, whereas the dog erythrocyte antigen 7 has been studied in limited dog breeds worldwide. To assess the prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigens 1 and 7 in 11 breeds in the Republic of Korea, 624 dog blood samples were examined for antigen detection. Overall, 520 dogs (83.3%) showed dog erythrocyte antigen 1 expression. The distribution varied from 50.0~100.0% according to the breed. Dog erythrocyte antigen 1-positive blood type was the highest in Chihuahua (100%), followed by Jindo dog (98.5%), and Sapsaree (95.3%). Dog erythrocyte antigen 7 was positive in 125 dogs (20.0%), and the positivity varied from 5.0~42.9% according to the breed. Dog erythrocyte antigen 7-positive blood type was the highest in Beagle (42.9%), followed by Chihuahua (37.5%), and Jindo dog (27.8%). The high prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigen 1 is because of the high proportion of Jindo dog and Sapsaree breeds that were mostly positive for the antigen. The high abundance of these breeds could be due to inbreeding and local breeding in the Republic of Korea. To our best knowledge, this study is the first to report on the prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigens 1 and 7 among various canine breeds in the Republic of Korea. The prevalence data obtained from this study may contribute to baseline information on veterinary transfusion medicine in small animal practice.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.218-221
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• 2006

This report described clinical findings and Magnetic resonance image (MRI) results in two small breed dogs with fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE). They were admitted with asymmetric acute-onset tetra/paraparesis with superficial pain sensation. In addition, there were no back pain and no progression of clinical signs. Cerebrospinal fluid and laboratory findings were evaluated. MRI revealed a similar focal intramedullary lesion of hyperintensive signals on T2-weighted images. Based on these findings, it was diagnosed as fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy in those two dogs.