• 제목/요약/키워드: smart contract

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Cost Minimization of Solidity Smart Contracts on Blockchain Systems

  • Lee, Wan Yeon
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.157-163
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    • 2020
  • Recently the blockchain technology has been actively studied due to its great potentiality. The smart contract is a key mechanism of the blockchain system. Due to the short history of the smart contract, many issues have not been solved yet. One main issue is vulnerability and another main issue is cost optimization. While the vulnerability of smart contract has been actively studied, the cost optimization has been rarely studied. In this paper, we propose two cost optimization methods for smart contracts running on the blockchain system. Triggering a function in a smart contract program code may require costs and it is repeated continuously. So the minimization of costs required to trigger a function of smart contract while maintaining the performance equally is very important. The proposed two methods minimize the usage of expensive permanent variables deployed on the blockchain system. We apply the proposed two methods to three prevalent blockchain platforms: Ethereum, Klaytn and Tron. Evaluation experiments verify that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the costs of functions in the smart contract written with Solidity.

Design Model for Extensible Architecture of Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Tool

  • Choi, Yun-seok;Lee, Wan Yeon
    • International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.189-195
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    • 2020
  • Smart contract, one of the applications of blockchain, is expected to be used in various industries. However, there is risks of damages caused by attacks on vulnerabilities in smart contract codes. Tool support is essential to detect vulnerabilities, and as new vulnerabilities emerge and smart contract implementation languages increase, the tools must have extensibility for them. We propose a design model for extensible architecture of smart contract vulnerability detection tools that detect vulnerabilities in smart contract source codes. The proposed model is composed of design pattern-based structures that provides extensibility to easily support extension of detecting modules for new vulnerabilities and other implementation languages of smart contract. In the model, detecting modules are composed of independent module, so modifying or adding of module do not affect other modules and the system structure.

스마트계약의 활성화 방안에 관한 연구 - 소프트웨어 수출사업을 중심으로 (A Study on Suggestions for Activating Smart Contract - Focusing on Software Export Business)

  • 송화윤
    • 무역학회지
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.163-180
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which smart contracts can be applied to the software export business and to find out the legislative issues to activate smart contracts. A smart contract is a computer program that automatically executes a contract when conditions are fulfilled. Smart contracts can play a pivotal role in the field that requires immediate execution of contract or in a highly standardized field with multiple parties involved. In the software export business, it is desirable to apply the smart contract partially rather than applying the smart contract to the entire process because various parties are involved and the process is very complicated. The business model of exporting packaged software, a completed software that is mainly licensed for use, rather than the business model of exporting customized software is suitable for using smart contracts because the project for implementing customized software is mainly focused in the development stage. When smart contracts are used in processes such as contract signing, payment, and project management, work efficiency can be increased. In addition, smart contracts can be used when conditions can be quantified, such as error penalties, in areas that previously required contracts with third parties such as banks, guarantors. In order for smart contracts to be actively used in practice, legal reviews on various issues are necessary including the legality of a smart contract and the validity as an electronic document of NFT (non-fungible token) certificate. Also, for the system stability preventing hacking, etc, the periodic verification or inspection by a third party is essential. To activate smart contracts in international transactions the international treaty regarding smart contracts is also necessary.

블록체인 부동산 등기와 스마트계약 (Blockchain Property Registry and Smart Contract)

  • 한정희
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.286-293
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    • 2021
  • 블록체인 기술을 부동산등기 및 거래에 적용하는 스마트계약은 다층식 코딩이 가능한 이더리움 기반의 시스템 구축이 보편화되고 있다. SOLIDITY 또는 PYTHON으로 코드화되는 스마트계약의 구축은 매매와 임대를 포괄하는 다양한 종류의 시나리오를 통하여 실현될 수 있는데, 스마트계약이 적용되는 부동산시장은 국경, 언어, 법제도, 비대칭 정보, 환전 등의 전통적 거래비용을 크게 감소시킬 수 있는 대안으로 기대되고 있다. 블록체인 고유의 투명성과 보안성, 분산성과 개방성 역시 그 높은 잠재력을 평가받고 있다. 다만 최근 부동산등기를 블록체인 네트워크에 구현하려는 프로젝트가 여러 나라에서 추진되고 있으나 완비된 새 제도로서 현실에서 운용되기까지는 아직 몇가지 난관이 남아있다.

Role Based Smart Contract For Data sharing

  • Joachim, Kweka Bruno;Rhee, Kyung-Hyune
    • 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보처리학회 2018년도 추계학술발표대회
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    • pp.235-237
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    • 2018
  • The Internet has allowed many things to move fast, including sharing of data, files and others within a second. Many domains use applications range from IoT, smart cities, healthcare, and organizations to share the data when necessary. However, there are some challenges faced by existing systems that works on centralized nature. Such challenges are data breach, trustiness issue, unauthorized access and data fraud. Therefore in this work, we focus on using a smart contract which is used by blockchain platform and works on decentralized form. Furthermore, in this work our contract provides an access to the file uploaded onto the decentralized storage such as IPFS. By leveraging smart contract-role based which consist of a contract owner who can manage the users when access the certain resources such as a file and as well as use of decentralized storage to avoid single point of failure and censorship over secure communication channel. We checked the gas cost of the smart contract since most of contracts tends to be a high cost.

A Study on the Normative Recognition of Blockchain Smart Contract

  • Song, In-Bang;Kim, Yeon-Jong
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.187-198
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    • 2020
  • 본 논문에서는 블록체인기반의 스마트계약의 규범성 인식과 스마트계약의 규범성에 대한 주요 영향요인을 통해 스마트계약이 계약규범으로 정착되기 위한 몇 가지 요건을 확인할 수 있었다. 첫째, 스마트계약의 규범적 필요성 측면에서 기술적 오류에 대한 법적 보호장치, 정부 차원의 홍보교육, 스마트계약 비즈니스를 규율할 기본법이 필요하다. 둘째, 스마트계약의 이용성 측면에서 책임소재가 명확하도록 설계된 블록체인을 기반으로 계약규범이 구성되어야 수범자들이 이를 수용하려 할 것이다. 셋째, 스마트계약의 규제 측면에서는 스마트계약을 기존 법률에서 포섭하거나 새로운 기본법 제정방안을 고려하되 스마트계약의 규범성이 사용 편이성보다 우선시 할 수 없는 것으로 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

스마트 컨트랙트 프로그래밍 언어 동향 조사 (Survey on Smart Contract Programming Languages)

  • 김익순
    • 전자통신동향분석
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    • 제35권5호
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    • pp.134-138
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    • 2020
  • Blockchain is an enabling technology for managing data with high trust and transparency among connected computers. Blockchain emerged with the advent of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency, and then, evolved as general-purpose platforms such as Ethereum, EOS, R3 Corda, and IBM Hyperledger Fabric. The application of blockchain covers a broad range of areas such as fintech, decentralized identity, distribution, real estate trading, games, and drone air traffic management. Smart contracts are indispensable for constructing blockchain services. This survey classifies smart contract languages by their features and shows their differences from existing general-purpose programming languages.

스마트 계약과 중재에 의한 분쟁해결 (Smart Contract and Dispute Resolution by Arbitration)

  • 한종규
    • 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.87-111
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    • 2020
  • Smart contracts are implemented by blockchain technology, which stores the terms of the contracts of both parties on the blockchain. In the event of an international dispute over smart contracts and blockchains, no special solution has been proposed, such as the enactment of the International Unification Act. The blockchain platform which operates smart contracts is decentralized and operates through distributed nodes around the world without central servers, making it difficult to establish jurisdiction and governing laws. As an alternative to traditional dispute-solving methods, a new mediation model-smart arbitration-is being attempted. The arbitration process is likely to be a preferred means of resolving disputes over smart contracts in practice. There are many problems, such as the fairness of the arbitration center on the selection and judgment of arbitrators, the question of securing reliability, the question of the validity of the arbitration agreement, and how much the court can be involved in the case. Preparations at the national level, such as fostering blockchains and smart contract experts, and overhauling the legal system, are needed.

스마트 무역계약 연구의 체계적 문헌고찰 (Systematic Literature Review of Smart Trade Contract Research)

  • 이호형
    • 무역학회지
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.243-262
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    • 2023
  • 본 연구는 스마트 무역계약의 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 스마트계약과 블록체인 기술을 활용한 무역계약의 디지털화와 자동화에 관한 연구 동향과 이론적 배경을 파악하고, 기술적 측면과 법적 측면에서의 도전 과제와 해결 방안을 분석하였다. 스마트 무역계약은 블록체인을 기반으로 한 자동화된 계약 시스템의 개념을 무역과 관련된 거래에 적용한 것이다. 기술적 측면에서는 스마트계약 플랫폼의 개발, 블록체인 네트워크의 확장성과 성능 개선, 보안 및 개인 정보 보호 등을 다루었고, 법적 측면에서는 스마트계약의 법적 구속력, 계약 조건의 자동 이행과 이의 실현 가능성, 계약 당사자의 책임과 의무 등을 다루었다. 스마트 무역계약은 국제무역, 공급망 관리, 금융, 보험, 에너지 등 다양한 산업 분야에서 적용 사례가 발견되고 있으며, 이를 통해 무역금융의 용이성과 공급망의 효율성 향상, 비즈니스 모델 혁신에 이바지할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 스마트 무역계약의 한계점으로는 법적 규제와의 상호작용 문제, 기술적 측면에서의 도전 과제 등이 있으며, 후속 연구에서는 실증 연구, 비즈니스 모델 혁신, 법적 쟁점 해결, 보안과 개인 정보 보호, 표준화와 협력, 사용자 경험 연구 등 다양한 측면을 고려해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

블록체인 기반의 스마트 건설계약 프레임워크 (Construction Contract Management Framework Using the Blockchain Technology)

  • 추이 진뤼이;문성우
    • 한국BIM학회 논문집
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2021
  • Blockchain is a secure technology that enables transactions between parties without risking data corruption. Besides cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology is being widely adopted in various forms by diverse industries. One promising application is construction contracts. Given that construction projects are executed under strict contractual requirements, blockchain technology-based contracts can ensure that contractual requirements are executed among parties to the contract. The objective of this study is to apply blockchain technology to smart construction contracts and determine their potential feasibility in construction management. In this study, a prototype smart construction contract is presented and its applicability is explored. We conclude that smart construction contracts can be effective as a contractual tool to enhance payment flows in the construction process.