• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.169-194
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• 2008

Recently, the concept of web site stickiness receives attention as a measure of strategy to influence user's visit and behavior on web sites. Web site stickiness means site visit frequency and stay duration. This study investigates the moderating effect of espoused national cultural values on Internet community stickiness with the assumption that dimensional values of national culture can be internalized as individual’s espoused values. Espoused values (i.e., espoused national cultural values) are defined as the degree to which an individual embraces the values of his or her national culture. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, femininity and power distance moderate the influence of user participation on Internet community stickiness. Second, uncertainty avoidance and power distance moderates the effect of social influence on Internet community stickiness. However, femininity and collectivism do not moderate the effect of social influence on Internet community stickiness. Third, uncertainty avoidance, femininity, and collectivism moderate the influence of network effect on Internet community stickiness. Fourth, masculinity does not moderate the influence of usefulness on Internet community stickiness.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.166-178
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to investigate the impacts of interactivity, site stickiness, and switching barrier on intention to use. For this purpose, the study tested covariance structural model which set relationships among independent variable(interactivity), meditated variables(site stickiness and switching barrier), and dependent variable(intention to use). The data were collected from a sample of 239 internet shopper of college female students. The covariance structural model and research hypothesis analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 and AMOS 5.0 program. The results are as follows: First, the structural model is accepted significantly. Second, interactivity had a positive influence on site stickiness, switching barrier, and intention to use. And it was found to have a indirect effect on intention to use through site stickiness and switching barrier. Third, site stickiness had a positive influence on switching barrier. Forth, site stickiness and switching barrier had a positive impact on intention to use.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.23-38
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• 2022

Purpose - This research intends to find out whether R&D cost stickiness shows differentiated aspects depending on exports in Korea. A cost behavior that indicates a lower rate of costs decrease when sales decrease than the rate of costs increase when sales increase is called cost stickiness. This sticky cost behavior is caused by considering the adjusting costs. This study aims to empirically verify that R&D cost stickiness is greater in export firms than in non-export firms. We also investigate the effect of exports on R&D cost stickiness is nonlinear. Design/methodology - We obtain data for the analysis from Kis-Value and TS2000 from 2012 to 2020. This study tests for R&D cost stickiness of exports using the cost stickiness model developed by Anderson et al. (2003) that is used in a lot of prior literature. To explore the nonlinear behavior of R&D cost stickiness we include a quadratic term of exports in our model. Findings - The results of our analysis are as follows. First, we observed that R&D costs of export firms are more sticky than that of non-export firms. Our result indicated that export firms are less likely to reduce R&D costs in decreasing sales periods in preparation for future sales recovery. Second, our empirical evidence shows that export firms view R&D costs much favorably. However, we hypothesize that the effect of export intensity on R&D costs may not necessarily be linear. Our result shows the effect of exports intensity on R&D stickiness is thus nonlinear, forming a reverse U-shaped curve. When export intensity exceeds a certain threshold, the growth rate of R&D costs appears to be viewed negatively. Firms with relatively high export intensity do not support R&D costs, viewing them as taking away firms' resources from other more productive costs. On the contrary, those with export intensity under the threshold view R&D costs as beneficial and therefore promote further R&D costs when revenue decreases. Originality/value - The results of this research can contribute academically to the expansion of empirical research on R&D cost stickiness. R&D cost stickiness varies by industry. As a result of our research, the managers of export firms recognize the importance of R&D to lead innovation. We expected that this research contributes to further studies on R&D costs and cost stickiness. Second, this research has implications from a business perspectives. Our findings of export firms' R&D stickiness suggest that export firms' managers should consider keeping the stickiness of R&D when revenue decreases because it is essential for exporting firms to maintain their R&D stickiness to secure long-term competitiveness. R&D stickiness can be used on a practical basis to emphasize the need for continuous investment in exporting firms' R&D activities.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.573-581
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• 2021

This paper examines the effect of e-service quality on the users of the Facebook marketplace. Users can always have stickiness intention. Stickiness intention is regarded as repetitive visits to and use of a certain website because of a commitment to continue using that website. Hence, we examine and explain the influence of e-service quality variables on stickiness intention. The variables used for e-service quality include efficiency, fulfillment, system availability, and privacy. The researchers related stickiness intention variable to online media users who always use the Facebook marketplace longer than other marketplaces, and users who visit the Facebook marketplace more often than other marketplaces. The method of data analysis was using inferential statistics GeSCA method. The GeSCA method is a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique that can directly analyze latent variables, indicators, and measurement errors. The results of the GeSCA method before the COVID-19 pandemic states that an increase in e-service quality by 77.5% will increase stickiness intention by 61.2%. The results of the GeSCA method after the COVID-19 pandemic states that an increase in e-service quality by 85.2% would increase stickiness intention by 81.1%. This indicates that Facebook marketplace users had more stickiness intention for the Facebook marketplace.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.196-219
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• 2021

Purpose - We attempted to empirically verify the effects of managerial attributes on cost stickiness in exporters. Exporters are often affected not only by external factors such as exchange rate but also by internal factors such as managerial attributes regarding their business activities. Because cost stickiness is the product of a manager's decision-making, it has been considered that managerial attributes have a great influence on the behavior. Therefore, our study was intended to find out whether cost stickiness shows differentiated aspects depending on managerial attributes in exporters. Design/methodology - We considered two managerial attributes: CEO power and managerial overconfidence. First, CEO power was measured as CEO pay slice. In addition, managerial overconfidence was measured based on three methodologies presented by previous studies. To measure cost stickiness, we used multiple methodologies presented by prior research. Findings - The results of our empirical analysis are as follows. First, in export firms, the greater CEO power is, the greater cost stickiness is. This result suggested that export managers with great influence little respond to temporary sales decrease promptly, little reduce related production costs flexibly in preparation for future sales recovery, but leave room to endure costs for idle resources. Second, the greater managerial overconfidence is, the greater cost stickiness is. This result indicated that export managers with great overconfidence on their decision-making often view the prospect for sales recovery positively; therefore, they little respond to temporary sales decrease immediately, little reduce related production costs flexibly for future sales recovery, but leave room to endure costs for idle resources. Third, export managers with great influence in their businesses and great overconfidence in their decision-making tend to show relatively great cost stickiness. The results proposed that the combination of the two factors functions to make cost stickiness greater. Originality/value - Our study is differentiated from extant studies in that we provided empirical evidence of the effects of managerial attributes on their business activities in exporters. Specifically, we verified the effects of managerial attributes on cost stickiness in Korean exporters. The results of our study are expected to contribute to providing useful information for exporters and start-ups.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.93-118
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• 2022

Purpose - Export marketers may have incentives to attempt real earnings management to avoid low reported earnings. Therefore, we attempted to verify the relationship between cost stickiness and real earnings management in the context of export marketing. Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected from exporters that settle-accounts in December excluding financial businesses listed on the stock market from 2015 to 2019. Multiple regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. Findings - The results showed that there is a negative relationship between cost stickiness and real earnings management. In addition, the results showed that export marketers little attempt to offset the cost inefficiency caused by the increase in expense because of cost stickiness with opportunistic management activities through real earnings management. Rather, as the level of real earnings management appears lower, exporters showing cost stickiness are expected to report management performance based on actual marketing. Furthermore, exporters with a high level of managerial centrality or high managerial overconfidence little attempt to offset cost inefficiency caused by cost stickiness with real earnings management activities. Research implications or Originality - Our study is the first to investigate the quality of earnings information of exporters with cost stickiness. Based on the results, we suggested efficient marketing strategies for exporters.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

Purpose: This study predicted cost asymmetry as a determinant of investment efficiency, and empirically analyzed the relationship between cost stickiness and investment efficiency. Research design, data and methodology: Using a sample of 4,382 Korean firm-year observations over 2011-2017 period, I examined the relationship between cost stickiness and investment efficiency. Asymmetrical cost behavior is measured as model of Homburg and Nasev (2008) and model of Park, Koo, and Pae (2012). Investment efficiency is measured as Chen, Hope, Li, and Wang (2011)'s model. Results: Firms with cost stickiness are less efficient in their investment than firms with non-cost stickiness. In other words, cost stickiness is an empirical result that supports the previous research on cost decision-making from perspective of managers pursuing private benefits due to information asymmetry. Conclusions: By showing that the manager's decision-making on the cost behavior affects the investment efficiency corresponding to capital management, the implications for the mechanism for efficient capital management are provided. Through the empirical results, it was shown that the cost stickiness is a product of opportunistic cost decision-making due to information asymmetry, and it is to present evidence that expands the meaning of the causes of asymmetric cost behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1472-1482
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• 2009

This study identifies how website attributes impact consumer loyalty to websites. For this purpose, the study tested covariance of a structural model which set relationships among independent variables (trust and site stickiness), meditated variables (relationship commitment), and dependent variables (website loyalty). The data were collected from a sample of 239 female college internet student shoppers. The covariance structural model and research hypothesis are analyzed using SPSS 16.0 and AMOS 5.0 program. The results are as follows: First, the structural model is significantly accepted. Second, trust and stickiness have a positive influence on the relationship commitment. Third, trust, stickiness, and relationship commitment have a positive impact on website loyalty. Forth, even if stickiness has no positive influence on website loyalty, it has a significant effect on website loyalty through the relationship commitment.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.23-37
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• 2013

Social commerce is a subset of e-commerce that involves using social media, and user contributions to assist in the online buying and selling of products and services. Given the rapid growth of social commerce sites such as Groupon, Ticketmonster, and Coupang, it has become critical to understand customer purchasing decision-making processes in the social commerce environment. This study developed a theoretical model to examine the role of social commerce site's stickiness in customers' repurchasing decision processes. This study identifies price attribute, variety of selection, shopping enjoyment, and anger as the key factors of social commerce site's stickiness. Data collected from 164 users who had more purchasing experiences with social commerce for more than 7 months were empirically tested against the research model. The analysis results indicate that social commerce site's stickiness plays an important role in enhancing customer's purchasing behavior. Moreover, price attribute and shopping enjoyment significantly influence social commerce site's stickiness, whereas anger does not significantly affect consumer purchasing decision-making processes. However, contrary to our expectation, variety of selection negatively influences social commerce site's stickiness. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are described.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.8
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• pp.139-164
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• 2001

This study suggests several concepts on the brand role, brand loyalty, and stickiness on the web, and investigates the relationship between the stickiness/loyalty of the web brands and general characteristics of the web(interactivity, contents and community). This study also examines whether the web stickiness acts as mediating variable. As the result, the interactivity, contents, and community has positive effects on the web stickiness. This results shows that these are very important factors for valuable navigation activities and continuous and more frequent visits giving closer communication and rich contents to users. And the stickiness plays a role as mediating variable between this relationship, this is that interactivity, contents and community can be shift to the loyalty of the web-brand through this stickiness. This study suggests several effects on theoretical and practical area, and offers important theoretical backgrounds for the study of web stickiness.