• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.685-692
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• 2001

Study the variation of low frequency electrical stimulation on human metabolism which serum to test the increasement of creatine- kinase, myoglobin, lactate .and pyruvate. The results were as followed: 1) Creatine kinase increasement showed significant difference between 200 Hz stimulation group and control group, and also between 300Hz stimulation group and control group, but no significant increasement difference showed in 50 Hz stimulation group compared to control group. 2) Lactate increasement showed significant difference in 200 Hz stimulation group and 300 Hz stimulation group compared to control group, but no significant difference showed in 50 Hz stimulation group. 3) Pyruvate increasement showed significant difference in 50 Hz stimulation group and 200 Hz stimulation group compared to control group, but no significant increasement difference showed between 50 Hz stimulation group and control group. (P < 0.05) 4) Myoglobin increasement showed significant difference in 50Hz stimulation group and 200 Hz stimulation group compared to control group, and also in 200 Hz stimulation group and 300 Hz stimulation group compared to 50Hz stimulation group. ( P < 0.05)

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.533-543
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• 2000

This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effect of low power GaAsAl laser on the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation using different treatment points, acupuncture point (zusanli) and non-acupuncture points(back). Furthermore, we investigated the analgesic effect of low power GaAsAl laser using the different duration and intensity of laser in mechanical stimulation induced pain behavior. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The threshold of mechanical stimulation was significantly increased by GaAsAl laser stimulation into zusanli point after 15 and 30 min after laser stimulation(P<05). However, the laser stimulation into non-acupoint did not affect the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation. with dose dependent manner. 2. In order to investigate the analgesic effects of BV depending upon different intensities of laser stimulation, the experimental animals were divided into three groups: 3 mW treated group, 6 mW treated group and 10 mW treated group. The low power GaAsAl laser stimulation was applied into zusanli acupoint for 30 min with different intensity of laser stimulation. Six and ten mW of laser stimulation significantly increased the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation at 15 min after laser stimulation as compared to that of control group(P<.05). Moreover, the analgesic effect of 10 mW laser stimulation was maintained for 30 min after laser stimulation (P<.05). 3. Finally, we tested the analgesic effect of 10 mW laser stimulation using different duration such as 10 min, 30 min or 1 hr after application of mechanical stimulation. In 30 min treatment group, the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation was increased at 15min and 30min after laser stimulation(P<.05). However, laser stimulation for 60 min dramatically increased the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation at 0 min after laser stimulation and the analgesic effect of laser stimulation was observed until 1 hr after laser stimulation. In conclusion, these data apparently demonstrate that low power GaAsAl laser has analgesic effect on mechanical induced pain model in rats. In addition, the treated point, intensity and duration of laser stimulation should be concerned before clinical application for pain management purpose.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1445-1454
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a sensory stimulation program on the growth (weight, height, head circumference, and chest circumference), behavioral development, behavioral states, and the heart rate of the infants. A total of 23 infants of 2 weeks old were divided into sensory stimualtion group (11 infants) and control group (12 infants). The infants of sensory stimulation group had received sensory stimulation for 6 weeks. Sensory stimulation program was composed of tactile and kinesthetic stimulation. We assessed growth, behavioral state and heart rate every week and behavioral development every 2 weeks. The results were as follows: 1. Body weight in sensory stimulation group, from two weeks after the sensory stimulation program, was significantly increased more than control group, but there was no significant difference in height, head circumference, and chest circumference between the two groups. 2. Behavioral developmental score of sensory stimulation group was significantly higher than that of control group from two weeks after the sensory stimulation program. Developmental states of sensory stimulation group showed more 'high average developmental state' than the control group from 4 weeks after sensory stimulation program. 3. Behavioral states of sensory stimulation group after the sensory stimulation program, the 'sleeping state' was significantly increased more than control group. The 'awakening state' and the state of fuss or crying were significantly less than those of the control group. 4. The heart rate of the sensory stimulation group after the sensory stimulation was significantly lower than the control group. These results indicate that the sensory stimulation program decreases heart rate and improves the sleeping state to be effective on promoting the growth and development of the infants. In view of these experiments, we suggest sensory stimulation program might be considered as a nursing intervention for growth and development of the infants not only in clinical settings but also at homes and in the communities.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.994-998
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sensory stimulation type on the learning of the elderly. The study implemented elderly verbal learning test by evenly dividing a total of 40 elderly people into auditory stimulation followed by visual stimulation group(AVG), visual stimulation followed by auditory stimulation group(VAG), simultaneous visual and auditory stimulation group(SG), and auditory stimulation group(AG). The result are as follows. SSG showed highest results in most of the test, followed by AVG, VAG, and AG. In particular, SG showed a statistically significant difference in immediate recall total score and short delay free recall score(p<.05). In the post-hoc test results of immediate recall total score, SG showed highest score with a statistical significance. AVG showed the second highest score, followed by VAG and AG and all showed a statistic significance(p<.05).In the post-hoc test results of short delay free recall score, SG and AVG showed a statistically significantly higher score than AG(p<.05). The results suggest that simultaneous stimulation of visual and auditory sense is more effective for improving the learning of the elderly people than visual stimulation followed by auditory stimulation or auditory stimulation followed by visual stimulation.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 2020

Tinnitus is a prevalent disorder that has no cure currently. Within the last two decades, neuroscientific research has facilitated a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the generation and maintenance of tinnitus, and the brain and nerves have been identified as potential targets for its treatment using non-invasive brain stimulation methods. This article reviews studies on tinnitus patients using transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, alternating current stimulation, transcranial random noise stimulation as well as transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and bimodal combined auditory and somatosensory stimulation. Although none of these approaches has demonstrated effects that would justify its use in routine treatment, the studies have provided important insights into tinnitus pathophysiology. Moreover bimodal stimulation, which has only been developed recently, has shown promising results in pilot trials and is a candidate for further development into a valuable treatment procedure.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 2020

Tinnitus is a prevalent disorder that has no cure currently. Within the last two decades, neuroscientific research has facilitated a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the generation and maintenance of tinnitus, and the brain and nerves have been identified as potential targets for its treatment using non-invasive brain stimulation methods. This article reviews studies on tinnitus patients using transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, alternating current stimulation, transcranial random noise stimulation as well as transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and bimodal combined auditory and somatosensory stimulation. Although none of these approaches has demonstrated effects that would justify its use in routine treatment, the studies have provided important insights into tinnitus pathophysiology. Moreover bimodal stimulation, which has only been developed recently, has shown promising results in pilot trials and is a candidate for further development into a valuable treatment procedure.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 1977

In Nembutal anesthetized cats, the sobmaxillary duct was cannulated with polyethylene tube, and effects of stimulation of the chorda tympani and cervical sympathetics on, the submaxillary secretion and intraluminal pressure of the submaxillary duct were observed. The stimulation of tile chorda tympani elicited a profuse salivary secretion. The stimulation of the cervical sympathetics evoked only a scanty flow, and on repeated stimulation of the nerve salivary flow response gradually diminished and finally the flow ceased. In this state the salivary flow by the sympathetic stimulation was resumed after the stimulation of the chorda tympani. Atropine abolished these responses to nerve stimulation. Intraluminal pressure of the submaxillary duct was abruptly increased and remained on a plateau during the stimulation of the chorda tympani, whereas sympathetic stimulation elicited moderate increase of the intraluminal pressure which did not remain in spite of continued stimulation. These results suggest that scanty salivary flow induced by cervical sympathetic stimulation is not real secretion but simple elimination of the saliva already present in the duct due to contraction of the contractile elements known to exist in the duct wall.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.90-94
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• 1992

A portable multichannel functional electrical stimulation(FES) system for the fine control of the paralyzed extremities in spinal cord injury patients is described. This system is composed of a stimulation data creating system, a serial communication device, a 16-bit microprocessor, D/A converter of 32 channels and a display device. Stimulation patterns are created from analytical results of integrated EMGs during motion in normal subjects and are stored in the stimulation data creating system as data files. And then the stimulation patterns are sent to the memory in the portable multichannel FES system through serial communication interfacing device. Sophisticated fine control of paralyzed extrimities was realized by transmitting multichannel stimulation patterns to percutaneous intramuscular electrodes, which stimulate the motor function of paralyzed muscle simultaneously. Advantages of this system are as follws: 1) It is possible to modify stimulation patterns in accordance with the patient's situation. 2) This system is small and light.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 1972

The right cervical vagus nerve was electrically stimulated for 30 sec, and 30 minutes recording cardiac rate responses and electrocardiogram. The main purposes of the present experiment are to determine effect of stimulation frequency on the maintenance of cardiac rate responses and to determine recovery time of sinus rhythm after asystole period followed by idioventricular rhythm during prolonged electrical stimulation of the vagus, and the optimal stimulation parameters for vagal stimulation were studied as well. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The maximum negative chrontropic responses were obtained with the following ranges of electrical parameters. Intensity: 3V-7V, Frequency: 20/sec-60/sec, and pulse duration: 5 msec-20 msec. 2. Compared with the responses from sympathetic effectors, cardiac rate responses to electrical stimulation of vagus nerve were well maintained with all stimulation frequencies. 3. At all stimulation frequencies except 20/sec, sinus node started to take over primary pacemaker activity when cardiac rates were restored to about 38-40/min. 4. It was indicated that upper limit of idioventricular rhythm does not exceed 38-40/min. 5. With the stimulation parameter set of 20/sec-5 msec-3 V, sinus rhythm did not appear during 30 minutes of stimulation period. Therefore, this electrical parameter set appears to be optimal for elicitation of prolonged and maximum cardiac rate responses by vagal stimulation.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2000

The present study attempted to determine the effect of olfactory stimulation on word retrieval deficit in Korean aphasics. Eleven nonfluent and 9 fluent aphasic patients served as subjects. The 20 subjects' age ranged from 14 to 65 with the mean of 43.0 (SD: 17.6). A neurologist examined them and diagnosed that they had no visual, auditory, and olfactory impairment. The study consisted of 2 experiments: Experiment I included visual stimulation while experiment II included visual and olfactory stimulation. The subjects were presented with 19 pictures for them to name in the experiment I, whereas they were exposed to the 19 pictures along with the corresponding olfactory stimulus in the experiment II. The 19 items included soy sauce, chilly pepper, Kimchi, chewing gum, cigarette (smoked), soybean paste, lemon, banana, alcohol (wine), apple, fish, vinegar, cuttlefish (dried), milk, rose, sesame oil, melon, coffee, and perfume. The results were as follows: First, olfactory stimulation tended to improve aphasics' word retrieval deficit although the improvement was not statistically significant. Second, the nonfluent aphasics seemed to take more advantage from olfactory stimulation compared to the fluent aphasics. Third, olfactory stimulation (olfactory + visual) did not produce a different naming performance compared to visual stimulation in the pre- and post-test when the pre- and post-test was composed of naming tasks through auditory + visual stimulation. Fourth, the fluent aphasics performed better with unpleasant olfactory stimulus while the nonfluent aphasics performed better with pleasant olfactory stimulus.