• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.492-496
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• 1986

A compound stimulatory to the growth of S. thermophilus CH-1 was isolated from the cell-free filtrate of L. helveticus YM-1 in milk medium. The stimulant was identified as a peptide with a molecular weight of approximately 5000 and exhibited positive ninhydrin reaction. Some kinds of amino acids confirmed as aspartic acid, alanine, valine, glutamic acid, lysine, proline, leucine were rich in the stimulatory peptide hydrolysate. Among them, glutamic acid was most abundant. Judging from bioautographic results, glutamic acid and phenylalanine were expected to exert an important role for the stimulation.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.212.4-212
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• 2005

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.482-489
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• 2007

Kaempferitrin, isolated from Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), was examined to evaluate its modulatory effects on antigen-presenting cell functions of macrophages/monocytes such as phagocytosis of foreign materials, up-regulation of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86), adhesion molecule activation, and antigen processing and presentation. Kaempferitrin strongly blocked up-regulation of CD40, CD80 and CD86, but not pattern recognition receptor (PRR) (e.g., TLR2). It also suppressed functional activation of CD29 (${\beta}1$-integrins), as assessed by cell-cell adhesion assay, required for T cell-antigen-presenting cell (APC) interaction. Furthermore, this compound did not block a simple activation of CD29, as assessed by cell-fibronectin adhesion assay. However, the compound did not diminish phagocytic uptake, an initial step for antigen processing, and ROS generation in RAW264.7 cells. In particular, to understand molecular mechanism of kaempferitrin-mediated inhibition, the regulatory role of LPS-induced signaling events was examined using immunoblotting analysis. Interestingly, this compound dose dependently suppressed the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, Src, Akt and Syk, demonstrating that it can negatively modulate the activation of these signaling enzymes. Therefore, our data suggested that kaempferitrin may be involved in regulating APC function-relevant immune responses of macrophages and monocytes by regulating intracellular signaling.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

We describe the immune stimulatory effects of compounds determined by means of activity-monitored extraction and isolation techniques. As a result, 4-carboethoxy-6-methoxy-2-quinolone (1) and 4-carboethoxy-6-hydroxy-2-quinolone (2) were isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the Oryza sativa cv. Heugnambyeo bran, and were determined to exert significant inhibitory effects in macrophage cell line (murine RAW 264.7) and murine splenocytes. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence, particularly the results obtained via hetero nuclear multiple-bond connectivity and high-resolution MS spectroscopy. Up to date, compound (1) was isolated as natural sources for the first time.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.487-493
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• 1986

Lactobacillus helveticus YM-1and Streptococcus lactis Ml$_3$ were inoculated together in reconstituted non-fat skim milk medium, and then their proteolytic activity and stimulatory compound for acid production were investigated. Significant difference between Lactobacillus helveticus YM-1 and Streptococcus lactis Ml$_3$was observed in the proteolytic activities. The proteolytic activity of Lactobacillus helveticus YM-1 and Streptococcus lactis Ml$_3$ was 105 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m{\ell}$ and 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m{\ell}$ when converted the amounts of hydrolysates of milk protein determined by Folin Ciocaleau phenol method into their tyrosine equivalent Stimulatory compounds in cell-free filtrate of Lactobacillus helveticus YM-1were identified as peptide with a molecular weight of approximately 4, 300 for the acid production by Streptococcus lactis Ml$_3$. Some kinds of amino acids, such as histidine, lysine, arginine and glutamic acid, were rich in acid hydrolysates of peptide. Among amino acids, histidine, glutamic acid and phenylalanine stimulated acid production, on the contrary isoleucine inhibited.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.437-441
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• 1990

The investigation of UV absorbing compounds in saponin fraction of Pnm.1. Kiairnk root was carried out by thin layer chromatography, semipreparative HVLC. l3C, 1H-NMR, mass spectrometry and chemical characteristics in searching plant for growth regulatony substances such as phenolic glycoside. Drying of fresh ginseng at 15 $^{\circ}C$ decreased not only number but also size of UV absorbing sports on TLC. One of the relatively large spots in fresh ginseng was isolated and identified as adenosine, which is subjected for growth stimulatory activity Detection of phenolic glycosides failed in dried root bolt was highly probable in fresh ginseng even with the insufficient amount of sample.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.221-227
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• 1980

The presence of L-malic acid in culture media contaniing glucose stimulated the growth rates of Leuconostoc oenos strains. The L-malic acid also stimulated the synthesis and activity of D-malate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) resulting in rapid production of D-lactate from glucose. The rapid utilization of glucose under the presence of L-malic acid may explain, in part, the stimulatory effect of the compound on the growth rate of leuconostocs.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2004

Two compounds from Gomisin N and Gomisin A were isolated from the fruits of Schizandra chinensis Baillon. The highest extraction yield as 21.36% was observed in the ethanol extract, compared to the yield obtained form the water extract. The extraction yields of the single compounds were measured to be 0.13 and 0.014 Gomisin A and Gomisin N, respectively. Approximately, 90% of the growth of human stomach adenocarcinoma cancer cells was inhibited after adding 1.0 g/l of the ethanol extract. The growth of the human normal lung cell was limited to 24% after adding the ethanol extract. The water extract lowered the specific secretion of $TNF-\acute{a}$ and IL-6 from T cells, $10.3{\times}10^{-4}\;pg/cell\;and\;12.1{\times}10^{-4}\;pg/cell$, respectively, compared to the ethanol extracts. On the other hand, a treatment with the ethanol extract increased the specific secretion of $TNF-\acute{a}$ and IL-6 from human T cells, to $11{\times}10^{-4}\;pg/cell\;and\;14.3{\times}10^{-4}\;pg/cell$, respectively. The crude ethanol extract had the highest effect on the differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells compared to the other extracts and Gomisin A and N. In general, the biological activities of the extracts gradually decreased as the purification process proceeded, which suggests that higher immunostimulatory activities can be maintained by adding the crude extracts of the fruits rather than by adding a single compound.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2014

The protective effect of ginsenoside Re, isolated from ginseng berry, against acute gastric mucosal lesions was examined in rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80 (C48/80). Ginsenoside Re (20 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) was orally administered 0.5 h prior to C48/80 treatment. Ginsenoside Re dose-dependently prevented gastric mucosal lesion development 3 h after C48/80 treatment. Increases in the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO; an index of neutrophil infiltration) and xanthine oxidase (XO) and the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; an index of lipid peroxidation) and decreases in the contents of hexosamine (a marker of gastric mucus) and adherent mucus, which occurred in gastric mucosal tissues after C48/80 treatment, were significantly attenuated by ginsenoside Re. The elevation of Bax expression and the decrease in Bcl2 expression after C48/80 treatment were also attenuated by ginsenoside Re. Ginsenoside Re significantly attenuated all these changes 3 h after C48/80 treatment. These results indicate that orally administered ginsenoside Re protects against C48/80-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats, possibly through its stimulatory action on gastric mucus synthesis and secretion, its inhibitory action on neutrophil infiltration, and enhanced lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosal tissue.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.558-565
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of proteolytic pork hydrolysate (PPH) on yoghurt production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Fresh lean pork was cut into pieces and mixed with deionized water and dealt with protease, then the resulting PPH was added to milk to investigate the effects of PPH on yoghurt production. The fermentation time, the viable cell counts, the flavor, free amino acids compounds, and sensory evaluation of yoghurt were evaluated. These results showed that PPH significantly stimulated the growth and acidification of the both bacterial strains. When the content of PPH reached 5% (w/w), the increased acidifying rate occurred, which the fermentation time was one hour less than that of the control, a time saving of up to 20% compared with the control. The viable cell counts, the total free amino acids, and the scores of taste, flavor and overall acceptability in PPH-supplemented yoghurt were higher than the control. Furthermore, the contents of some characteristic flavor compounds including acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters were richer than the control. We concluded that the constituents of PPH such as small peptide, vitamins, and minerals together to play the stimulatory roles and result in beneficial effect for the yoghurt starter cultures growth.