• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.321-332
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothetical model designed to explain nursing students' perceived stress, coping levels, and stress outcomes. This hypothetical model was based on the Kim. Jung Hee(l987)' s stress model and stress-related literature. Exogenous variables were self-efficacy. hardiness. social support. and exercise. Endogenous variables were stress perception. coping levels. and stress outcomes. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model consisted of 205 nursing students. SAS PC Program and LISREL 8.12a program were used for descriptive statistics and linear structural relationship(LISREL) modeling. The results were as follows. 1) The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good( $x^2$=78.41(p=0.010), $x^2$/ df=1.50. RMSEA=0.05, standardized RMR= 0.05, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.91, NNFI=0.90, NFI=0.94). 2) The results of statistical testing of the hypotheses were as follows. (1) As expected. self-efficacy had a significant effect on stress perception. But. hardiness. social support, and exercise did not have a significant effect on stress perception. Self-efficacy, hardiness. social support, and exercise explained 12% of the total variance of stress perception. (2) As expected, self-efficacy, hardiness, social support, exercise, and stress perception had a significant effect on coping behavior, Self-efficacy, hardiness, social support, exercise, and stress perception explained 53% of the total variance of coping behavior. (3) As expected, stress perception and coping behavior had a significant effect on stress outcomes. Stress perception and coping behavior explained 84% of the total variance of stress outcomes. In conclusion, the hypothetical model of this study was confirmed in explaining and predicting stress perception, coping levels, and stress outcomes in nursing students. And these findings suggest the need to develop nursing intervention to enhance self-efficacy, hardiness, social support, and exercise to decrease the harmful outcomes of stress.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 1993

This study was aimed at investigating the relationship of stress perception and psychopathology with biological variables such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure. serum total cholesterol high density lipoprotein and triglyceride in 50 adult patients with essential hypertension and 50 normotensive individuals. Both of the groups were matched to each other regarding age, sex, the level of education and BMI(body mass index). Stress perception and psychopathology between the two groups were compared using GARS and SCL-90-R scales. Biological variables such as blood pressure(systolic. diastolic), serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and triglyceride were measured in all the subjects. The results were as follows ; 1) Hypertensive patients scored significantly higher than normotensive individuals in stress perception related to unusual happenings, change or no change in routine and overall global area, respectively. 2) Regarding psychopathology, hypertensive patients scored significantly higher than normotensive individuals in depression. hostility and interpersonal sensitivity. respectively. 3) Systolic blood pressure had a significantly positive correlation with scores of stress perception related to sickness and injury, and change or no change in routine, respectively. Diastolic blood pressure had a significantly positive correlation with scores of stress perception related to change or no change in routine. 4) In hypertensive patients. the level of serum total cholesterol had a significantly positive correlation with scores of stress perception related to unusual happenings. However, the level of serum triglyceride had a significantly negative correlation with scores of stress perception related to changes in relationships, sickness or injury, and change or no chang in routine. 5) There were no significant correlations between scores of stress perception and biological factors in the normotensive group. 6) The level of serum triglyceride correlated negatively with phobic anxiety in hypertensive group. whereas it correlated positively with PSDI in normotensive group. In conclusion, these results suggest that hypertensive patients have higher level of stress perception and psychopathology than normal individuals. In hypertensive patients, their stress perception is suggested to be correlated with serum cholesterol.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.555-561
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to stress perception. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 109 people living in Gimpo city from January 16 to April 15, 2013. The data were analyzed using SPSS window ver. 19.0(IBM CO., Armonk, NY, USA) for t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results : Men and group of 59 years old tended to have higher stress perception than women and those who over 60 years old, but the results were not statistically significant. Stress perception was higher among the group with systemic dryness and oral dryness(each${\geq}1$) and the group reporting high difficulty in daily living due to oral problem(${\geq}2$)(p<0.05). Especially, the factor that was most correlated to stress perception was systemic dryness(${\beta}$=0.347) followed by problem of daily living for oral problem(${\beta}$=0.278, p<0.01). Conclusions : Systemic dryness and oral problem can increase the level of stress perception, mouth dryness and oral problems are a part of stress responses. Therefore, the regular health checkup must be done and early treatment to reduce stress perception as well as negative aspects caused by stress. It will contribute to the enhancement of public health and life of quality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.23 no.1 s.29
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• pp.33-42
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• 1990

This study was conducted to find out the relationship between the stress perception and health habits with 426 industrial workers using the GARS(Global assessment of recent stress) scale. The results were as follows : 1. The mean scores of stress perception were higher in female, more educated and divorced. There were no evident trends of mean scores of stress perception in age, monthly income and years worked. 2. The stress perception by health habits and sex showed significant difference in physical exercise and smoking variables. The higher health bit index, the lower degree of stress perception in male, but higher in female reversely. 3. The health habits and demographic variables were classified by five factors. Factors of sleeping hours, body mass index, and taste containing smoking and alcohol drinking had relatively high relation to stress perception. The explanation power of factors and variables was relatively low as 3.4%.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.139-152
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• 1996

The objectives of this study are : (1) to measure the level of economic stress perception in Korean farm households. (2) to identify the effects of related variables such as socio-demographic variables and economic stability. The data from 505 farm households' wives was analyzed using statistical methods such as frequency, correlation, oneway ANOVA, lease significant difference test, and stepwise multiple regression. The major findings are as follows : The mean value of economic stress perception on the 505 wives was 33.5 points out of a possible 100. Among 3 subsectors, income stress perception had highest score. Socio- demographic variables such as family size, type of farm household, financial manager, debt, credit . grant assistant, wife's age, and educational level of the wife had a significant difference on the economic stress perception of wives in the ANOVA analysis. So did the objective and subjective evaluation of economic stability. As a result of multiple regression analysis, economic stability, debt presence, and wife age were verified explaining 23% of the variance of economic stress perception. Therefore, it can be said that farm wives had relatively high economic stress perception in the case of low economic stability, getting into debt and low age.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of the healthcare accreditation and the level of job stress and also to identify the factors affecting turnover intention in general hospital nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using questionnaires. Data were collected from 230 nurses who worked at one general hospital from February 20 to April 10, 2014. Data were analyzed with independent t test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression using SPSS/WIN v 21.0. Results: The scores of perception of the healthcare accreditation, job stress, and turnover intention were 3.05 out of 5, 4.30 out of 5, and 3.18 out of 5. A positive correlation was observed between turnover intention and job stress. Turnover intention was negatively correlated with perception. The factors affecting turnover intention were the perception of healthcare accreditation (35.3%), total clinical experience (12.3%) and job stress (7.4%). The total explanatory power was 55.3%. Conclusion: The perception of the Healthcare Accreditation was confirmed as a new factor affecting turnover intention in nurses. These findings can be utilized to the development of strategies for reducing job stress, and enhancing perception and resulting in both the quantitative and qualitative development of the healthcare system.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1993

Stress perception was investigated in 53 outpatients with extrinsic type of bronchial asthma, using GARS scale and other questionnaires. 40% of the patients were found to be psychosomatic. The patients were more likely to consider their physical symptoms as severe than the allergist Severity of symptoms rated by the allergist had significantly positive correlation with scores of stress perception related to changes in relationship. However, no significant correlation was found between severity of symptoms rated by patients and scores of stress perception. Psychosomatic group was significantly higher in scores of stress perception related to illness and injury, financial burden, and change or no change in routine than non-psychosomatic group. Female. older age, higher education. presence of religion. and presence of psychological stressors at onset and/or aggravation of the illness were found to increase stress perception. These findings indicate ant extrinsic asthmatics an less likely to perceive psychological stress than physical symptoms, and that they are less vulnerable to psychological stressors than patients with other diseases.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2017

Purpose: The aims of the study were to investigate relationships among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' attitude, role perception, and nursing stress related to life sustaining treatment (LST), and secondly, to identify factors influencing nursing stress about LST. Methods: Participants were 202 conveniently sampled ICU nurses from general hospitals in Korea with over 300 beds. From December 1, 2015 to January 31, 2016, data were collected using structured questionnaires. The questionnaire was designed to measure nursing stress related to LST. Content validity and reliability was established for the instrument. Results: Relationships were found between attitude and role perception, and between role perception and nursing stress about LST. Participants' role perception, gender, education level, and the experience of dealing with family members of patients receiving LST accounted for 13% of variance in nursing stress about LST. Conclusion: Results confirmed that ICU nurses' role perception affects nursing stress about LST. Accordingly, the nursing education programs related to LST should aim to enhance role perception of nurses, and strategies to reduce the nursing stress about LST of the nurses in ICU need to be further developed.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was a descriptive study to assess the relationships between acculturative stress and current perception of stress in Korean immigrants. Methods: The subjects consisted of 154 community-dwelling Korean immigrant living in the USA. Data collection was conducted through the use of questionnaires. The instruments for this study were Acculturative stress (12 items), The Global Assessment of Recent Scale(8 items). The collected data were analysed using SPSS PC 12.0 Programme for Frequency, Percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and Pearson's correlation coefficient according to the purpose of this study. Results: 1) The average item score for acculturative stress was 17.17. The average item score for current perception of stress was 26.56. 2) Acculturative stress was positively related to current perception of stress (r=.360, p<.01). 3) Acculturative stress was significantly different according to educational level (F=2.709, p=.047), occupation (F=16.202, p=.000), perceived income comfort level (F=26.666, p=.000), and type of residence (F=2.672, p=.050). The Current perception of stress was significantly different according to age (F=7.380, p=.000), marital status (F=5.354, p=.006), perceived income comfort level (F=12.738, p=.000), and type of residence(F=4.207, p=.007). Conclusion: Theses findings help to clarify relationships between acculturative stress and current perception of stress in Korean immigrants. Therefore, the result of study provide clues for the quality of life of Korean immigrants.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore structural relationships among social support, parenting stress, self-perception and parenting behavior perceived by mother and provide preliminary data useful for desirable parenting behavior. For this purpose, the data of fourth wave Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC) including social support, parenting stress, self-perception and parenting behavior measured by 1,746 mothers with 3-year-old children were analyzed. We identified structural relationships among the variables using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 applying structural equation modeling. Measurement model and structure model had favorable goodness of fit and the results of structure models on each path were as follows. First, parenting behavior had positive correlations with social support and self-perception but there was a negative correlation between parenting behavior and parenting stress. Second, the relationship between social support and self-perception was mediated by parenting stress and parenting stress and self-perception mediated the relationship between social support and parenting relationship. In conclusion it is required to raise awareness about the importance of development of various parent education programs and parenting behavior.