• Title/Summary/Keyword: strong law

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A Direction for Convergence Law in the Era of Digital Convergence (디지털 융합 환경에서 방송통신 통합법 체계의 방향)

  • Lee, Sang-Woo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.35 no.3B
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    • pp.536-550
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    • 2010
  • This study analyzes the characteristics of broadcasting law and telecommunication law and suggested the key legitimate of regulation where convergence law would go for in the convergence circumstances by drawing the common and differential characteristics of two laws. Moreover, in the value of inherent pursuit of broadcasting law and telecommunication law, this paper examined whether these values continued to be reflected in the convergence law, and indicated the direction how these values should adopt in the convergence law. The result of this study shows that strong entry regulation has applied to both broadcasting and telecommunications industry. Also, both industries have been required to be universal service to realize the value. Meanwhile, the pursuit of original value of broadcasting law and telecommunication law can be summarized as secure of access and diversity, respectively. In the convergence law, it is necessary to compensate and modify the meaning of access and diversity based on traditional regulation.

Mesh Independent 3-D Modeling of Spot Welded Joints using Finite Elements with Embedded Strong Discontinuities (강한 불연속이 내장된 유한요소를 이용한 스폿 용접 접합의 망 독립적 삼차원 모델링)

  • Kim, Jongheon
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.283-288
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    • 2017
  • A spot welded joint is modeled using 3-D finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities. The spot weld is represented by a special cohesive law on the embedded discontinuity surface, instead of meshing its geometry. This strategy naturally eliminates the need of adaptive FEM meshes fitting the local geometry of the spot weld. Mesh independent solutions are guaranteed by explicitly modeling the detailed shape of the spot weld, which is in contrast with the exiting approach using point constraints for the spot weld.

A NEW KIND OF THE LAW OF THE ITERATED LOGARITHM FOR PRODUCT OF A CERTAIN PARTIAL SUMS

  • Zang, Qing-Pei
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.48 no.5
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    • pp.1041-1046
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    • 2011
  • Let {X, $X_{i};\;i{\geq}1$} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed positive random variables. Denote $S_n= \sum\array\\_{i=1}^nX_i$ and $S\array\\_n^{(k)}=S_n-X_k$ for n ${\geq}$1, $1{\leq}k{\leq}n$. Under the assumption of the finiteness of the second moments, we derive a type of the law of the iterated logarithm for $S\array\\_n^{(k)}$ and the limit point set for its certain normalization.

Can Religion Save Our Health?: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from the U.S.

  • PARK, YOON SOO
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.31-43
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    • 2018
  • There is a large amount of empirical literature reporting that people who regularly attend religious services tend to have better health outcomes. However, it remains an unanswered question as to whether the observed correlation reflects any causality. Exploiting exogenous changes in church attendance driven by law changes in 21 states of the U.S., I find tentative but suggestive evidence that the observed strong correlation between religious participation and health is likely to be driven by endogenous selection.

Choice of Law in International Antitrust Law (국제카르텔분쟁사건의 준거법)

  • Kim, Yong-Jin
    • Journal of Legislation Research
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    • no.44
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    • pp.801-828
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    • 2013
  • This essay provides a legislative perspective on conflict-of-laws issues in the area of antitrust law. A consistent focus on the affected market question of applicable law is possible and yields content and acceptable results. The law applicable to damages claims should follow the law applicable to the antitrust relation itself. It is problematic, however, where more than one market is affected. In my view, the European perspective provides one general lesson for us. We are not yet prepared to accept american-style of class action in the field of antitrust law, at least until the european have made their legislative decision. Nevertheless we should make our antitrust system more effective, so that it would have strong deterrence to anti-competitive conducts. In this paper I present a proposal for adoption of a international conflict of law instrument, possibly a regulation, on damages actions for breach of art. 32 Korean Anti-trust Law.

Similitude Law An Equivalent Three Phase Similitude Law for Pseudodynamic Test on Small-scale Reinforced Concrete Structures (철근콘크리트 구조물의 유사동적실험을 위한 Equivalent Three Phase Similitude LaW)

  • ;;;Guo, Xun
    • Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2003.09a
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    • pp.303-310
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    • 2003
  • Small-scale models have been frequently used for experimental evaluation of seismic performance because of limited testing facilities and economic reasons. However, there are not enough studies on similitude law for analogizing prototype structures accurately with small-scale models, although conventional similitude law based on geometry is not well consistent in the inelastic seismic behavior. When fabricating prototype and small-scale model of reinforced concrete structures by using the same material, added mass is demanded from a volumetric change and scale factor could be limited due to size of aggregate. Therefore, it is desirable that different material is used for small-scale models. Thus, a modified similitude law could be derived depending on geometric scale factor and equivalent modulus ratio. In this study, compressive strength tests are conducted to analyze equivalent modulus ratio of micro-concrete to normal-concrete. Equivalent modulus ratios are divided into elastic, weak nonlinear and strong nonlinear phases, which are based on ultimate strain level. Therefore, an algorithm adaptable to the pseudodynamic test, considering equivalent three phase similitude law based on seismic damage levels, is developed. In addition, prior to tile experiment, it is verified numerically if tile algorithm is applicable to the pseudodynamic test.

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Determinants of Housewives' Caregiving Behavior to Elderly Parents-in-Law (II) : Development of a Causal Model (노인부양행위의 결정요인 II : 인과모형 개발)

  • Kim, Sang-Wook
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.38
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    • pp.33-67
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    • 1999
  • This study is the second phase of the author's larger attempt to investigate the factors affecting housewives' caregiving behavior to their elderly parents-in-law. Specifically, it revises and expands the previous model (1998) and develops a new one by rectifying the three major problems inherent in the previous study: (1) misspecification error; (2) non-equivalent comparison of results between the father-in-law model and mother-in-law model that stems from the inclusion of heterogeneous group of caregivers; (3) measurement problems for the two endogenous variables of eldercare attitude and behavior. To do this, the current study proposes a more comprehensive model by additionally incorporating other salient exogenous variables, renders the comparison of results between the father-in-law and mother-in-law models equivalent by including only homogeneous group of caregivers (i. e., only those housewives whose parents-in-law are both alive), and introduces standardized measurement scales for the endogenous variables. Estimation of the model in terms of maximum likelihood procedures in LISREL8 attests to a better overall performance over the previous model when judged from several criteria such as coefficient of determination, model fit statistics, proportion of significant causal paths, and measurement properties of reliability and validity for the variables. Interpretation of the findings suggests several salient theoretical implications that concern such crucial issues as the inconsistency between eldercare attitude and behavior, patterns of association among the subdimensions of eldercare, and the difference in the antecedents explaining attitude as opposed to behavior of eldercare. In particular, the finding that indicates almost no differences in the determinants between the father-in-law and mother-in-law models suggests a strong case to argue that caregiving behavior to fathers-in-law and mothers-in-law, respectively, is likely to be a uniform phenomenon sharing virtual1y the same antecedents, and that a unified single model is sufficient to account for caregiving behavior to both parties.

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THE STRONG LAWS OF LARGE NUMBERS FOR WEIGHTED SUMS OF PAIRWISE QUADRANT DEPENDENT RANDOM VARIABLES

  • Kim, Tae-Sung;Baek, Jong-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.37-49
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    • 1999
  • We derive the almost sure convergence for weighted sums of random variables which are either pairwise positive quadrant dependent or pairwise positive quadrant dependent or pairwise negative quadrant dependent and then apply this result to obtain the almost sure convergence of weighted averages. e also extend some results on the strong law of large numbers for pairwise independent identically distributed random variables established in Petrov to the weighted sums of pairwise negative quadrant dependent random variables.

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International Traders' Measures against Contract Disputes in International Transactions - Focusing on the Matter of Governing Law (국제무역계약상 분쟁에 대비한 무역실무자의 대응 - 준거법문제를 중심으로 -)

  • Heo, Hai-Kwan
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.45
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    • pp.51-82
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    • 2010
  • The "rules of private international law" or "conflict of law rules" work to determine the governing law, the law applicable to international contracts. These rules permit parties' autonomy to choose the law applicable to their contracts in cases of both litigations and arbitrations. In this regards, the present article examines parties' five options for the choice of the law governing their contracts, which the parties should consider when negotiating and drafting an international agreement. This means that parties in international contracting should check the contents of the law that they are to choose as the governing law before doing so. The first option is to submit the contract to its own law, which can be the safest and simplest solution generally. However this option is subject to the consent of the other party, and is not appropriate when the domestic law chosen contains mandatory rules strongly protecting the other party. Secondly, the option of choosing the other party's law is not preferable in general. Even though the other party is strong enough to succeed in insisting on applying its own law, the other party is advised to counter-offer a neutral solution by suggesting the application of a transnational set of rules and principles of international contract, such as Unidroit Principles. The third option to choose the law of a third country should be taken with the caution that it should be harmonized with either, in case of litigations, the international jurisdiction clause which makes the country chosen have the jurisdiction over the dispute arising under the contract, or, in case of arbitrations, the way of selection of the arbitrator who has good knowledge of the law chosen. The fourth option of submitting the contract to the lex mercatoria or the general principles of law including the Unidroit Principles can be a advisable solution when a dispute is designed to be submitted to experienced arbitrators. The final and fifth is to be silent on the choice of the governing law in contracting. This option can be usefully available by experienced negotiators who are well familiar with the conflict of laws rules and enables the parties to avoid the difficulties to agree on the governing law issue and leave it open until a dispute arises.

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