• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.15 no.1_2
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• pp.457-466
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• 2004

Let{$X_{ni}$\mid$\;1\;{\leq}\;i\;{\leq}\;k_n,\;n\;{\geq}\;1$} be an array of rowwise negatively associated random variables such that $P$\mid$X_{ni}$\mid$\;>\;x)\;=\;O(1)P($\mid$X$\mid$\;>\;x)$ for all $x\;{\geq}\;0,\;and\; \{k_n\}\;and\;\{r_n\}$ be two sequences such that $r_n\;{\geq}\;b_1n^r,\;k_n\;{\leq}\;b_2n^k$ for some $b_1,\;b_2,\;r,\;k\;>\;0$. Then it is shown that $\frac{1}{r_n}\;max_1$\mid${\Sigma_{i=1}}^j\;X_{ni}$\mid$\;{\rightarrow}\;0$ completely convergence and the strong convergence for weighted sums of N A arrays is also considered.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2004

The paper is devoted to present the Continuum Strong Discontinuity Approach (CSDA) and to examine its capabilities for modeling cracking of concrete. After introducing the main ingredients of the CSDA, an isotropic continuum damage model, which distinguishes tension and compression states, is used to implicitly induce a projected traction separation-law that rules the cracking phenomena. Criteria for onset and propagation of material failure and specific finite elements with embedded discontinuities are also briefly sketched. Finally, some representative numerical simulations of cracking, in plain and reinforced concrete specimens, using the CSDA are presented.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

For the almost certainly convergent series $S_n=\sum_{i=1}^nV-i$ of independent random elements in Banach spaces, by investigating tail series laws of large numbers, the rate of convergence of the series $S_n$ to a random variable s is studied in this paper. More specifically, by studying the duality between the limiting behavior of the tail series $T_n=S-S_{n-1}=\sum_{i=n}^{\infty}V-i$ of random variables and that of Banach space valued random elements, an alternative way of proving a result of the previous work, which establishes the equivalence between the tail series weak law of large numbers and a limit law, is provided in a Banach space setting.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.473-485
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• 2015

Objective: This study provides strategies of how to effectively convert an invention, created at universities or government-funded research institutes, into a strong patent with the clear understanding of its unique technological characteristics. Background: Regardless of the amount of research funds available in our country and the decent number of intellectual property rights created using the funds, there was a deficit of more than KRW 6 trillion in the technology trade balance related with intellectual property rights in the year of 2014. One of the reasons was that the vast number of patents that were being produced by universities or by government-funded research institutes were merely performance-based patents, namely, so called "patents for patents". Another reason is that developed technology from research and development could not be transformed into a strong patent right properly due to the lack of related knowledge. Method: After reviewing various references mentioned on the patent strategies, the definition of a strong patent and the strategies of producing a strong patent for an invention drawn out from research performance will be supplied. Results: To produce a strong patent right at universities or government funded research institutes, one should use strategies for strong specifications, strategies of product patents and method patents, strategies of patent portfolios, strategies of know-how, strategies of inventions defined by numerical limitation and strategies of parameter inventions for a more strategic approach. Conclusion: Strong patent rights will be produced with the use of effective patent strategies provided in this study. Application: It is estimated that the results of this study will aid the establishment of strong patents for inventions developed by research performance at universities or government-funded research institutions.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.24
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• pp.485-517
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate typical ethical problems found in the technical and public services areas. The followings are the summary of the study. There are three distinct elements that govern ethical problems. One element is legal laws. The copyright law and the privacy act are exact examples. The copyright law has strong influence on the inter library loan service where the majority requests from the users are reproduction of copies. The privacy act also creates difficulties for librarians. Most requests for circulation records infringe on the privacy of library user. And advance online access systems also violates the privacy of library users. The second element is the code or rules that private organization has created. American Library Association created many statements that regulate the conduct of librarians. The bill of right, the professional code of ethics and policy on the confidentiality of library records have strong implications in the obligation of librarian. In the case of censorship at the selection of library materials, the code is a defensive tool against intellectual freedom. Yet self-censoring are prevailing practice among librarians. The thirds element is the competence of librarians. The analyzed table 3 showed that beside two elements, the rest of matters are competence required by librarians. The one aspect of it is humaneness and the other one is technical aspects. Technical aspect of competence are:(l) managerial and operational ability (2) communication skill (3) leadership (4) structure of knowledge and (5) self developing professionalism. Humanity aspect of competence are:(l) trust(fiduciary relationship) gained by diligence, objective judgement, ability, belief, rationality, integrity, kindness) (2) objectiveness (free from bias) (3) user-oriented consideration (need, interest, equal treatment, information gap) (4) caution in providing information (5) pride and (6) ability to distinguish advice and guidance specially in medical and law library.

• Strategy21
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• s.40
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• pp.131-143
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• 2016

On 12 July 2016, China's maritime claim to most of the South China Sea (SCS) based on the so-called nine-dash line was rejected by the Arbitral Tribunal, constituted under Annex VII to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) concerning issues in the South China Sea including the legality of the so-called "nine-dashed line", the status of certain maritime features and their corresponding maritime entitlements, together with the lawfulness of certain actions by China which the Philppines, in a case brought in 2013, alleged were violations. As having the Tribunal determined that China's claim had no legal grounds in UNCLOS, thus undermining China's claims, and establishing that China has no exclusive legal rights to control the area roughly the size of India. There are some major implications from the Tribunal's ruling in the Arbitration award. These include implications on: how to delimit the maritime boundary in disputed waters, how to promote maritime confidence-building measures, how to safeguard maritime safety and security, and how to promote the rule of law in the SCS. Since its application of UNCLOS in East Asia, it has been obvious that the only way to resolve maritime disputes in the region is to build strong maritime cooperative partnerships under the auspices of the rule of law.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1133-1143
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• 1999

Chaterji strengthened version of a theorem for martin-gales which is a generalization of a theorem of Marcinkiewicz proving that if $X_n$ is a sequence of independent, identically distributed random variables with $E{\mid}X_n{\mid}^p\;<\;{\infty}$, 0 < P < 2 and $EX_1\;=\;1{\leq}\;p\;<\;2$ then $n^{-1/p}{\sum^n}_{i=1}X_i\;\rightarrow\;0$ a,s, and in $L^p$. In this paper, we probe a version of law of large numbers for double arrays. If ${X_{ij}}$ is a double sequence of random variables with $E{\mid}X_{11}\mid^log^+\mid X_{11}\mid^p\;<\infty$, 0 < P <2, then $lim_{m{\vee}n{\rightarrow}\infty}\frac{{\sum^m}_{i=1}{\sum^n}_{j=1}(X_{ij-a_{ij}}}{(mn)^\frac{1}{p}}\;=0$ a.s. and in $L^p$, where $a_{ij}$ = 0 if 0 < p < 1, and $a_{ij}\;=\;E[X_{ij}\midF_[ij}]$ if $1{\leq}p{\leq}2$, which is a generalization of Etemadi's marcinkiewicz-type SLLN for double arrays. this also generalize earlier results of Smythe, and Gut for double arrays of i.i.d. r.v's.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2010

A big difference is seen in the perception of self-responsibility concerning safety, as a result of my survey on the safety measures taken in the pipeline construction at workers level between Japan and Indonesia. Specifically, when an accident occurs, a worker in Indonesia will think that the responsibility depends on the person who causes it. However a worker in Japan will think that safety is can only be protected by law and regulations. There is also another difference in the understanding of construction period. It is alright in Indonesia to take 5 times longer period than it takes in Japan if the cost is less. The idea of punctual delivery is very strong in Japan. Through this survey, points which construction industry in Japan could learn from Indonesia came to surface. In addition, over the recent years, several nasty accidents at Japanese sites were caused due to human error to disregard the law. Japanese should arouse the awareness of self-responsibility in this regard. Risk management should be upon self-recognition of each individual worker in both countries. What is important is the "work attitude education", "to grow sense of self-responsibility by thinking on one's own for one's self" in the education curriculum of man to man learning as in technical educational program.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.31-48
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the program which aims at providing a better understanding of family role, establishing a desirable value of being good spouse and good parent, and good daughter/mother in-law and determine effects of the program on rural women in Gyeonggi do. Based on the strong & healthy family perspective, personality types theory, coping stress theory, anger control method, communication & conflict solution theory(eg; Minnesota Couple Communication Program), cognitive behavior theory, and relations enrichment theory, 6 session program was developed. The title of 6 sessions were 'Making happy family', 'Family communication', 'Coping parent-child relation stress', 'Coping conjugal personality difference', 'Becoming a good mother/daughter in-law', and 'Dissolving family conflict'. 188 women surveyed were asked to participate in the program held at 5 city located in Gyeonggi do from Jun. 22 to July, 15. 2005, with two days(3 session a day and 120 minutes per session based). The effectiveness of this program was evaluated by pre-test, post test through 188 rural women and it was analyzed by paired t-test and program evaluation questionnaire was also investigated. The major results were as follows: This program was effective in improving spouse relation satisfaction, child relation satisfaction, daughter/mother in-law relation satisfaction, their effort for making happy family, self-esteem, and depression tendency. Future research and practical implications were added.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.185-195
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• 2020

This study examines the association between governance quality at country level and stock market performance. Specifically, the study investigates the influence of control of corruption, government effectiveness, political stability and absence of violence, rule of law, regulatory quality, and voice and accountability on all-share index of the stock markets of the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This study is anchored on two theories - the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and Institutional Theory. The study employs panel data spanning from 2006 to 2017. The findings show that political stability and absence of violence and rule of law exhibit a significant positive impact on stock market performance, while regulatory quality and voice and accountability have a significant, but negative relationship with stock market performance. The results imply that quality of governance in terms of rule of law and political stability devoid of violence have strong impact on stock market returns. Similarly, improved stock market returns are largely dependent on the efficiency of the institutional environment of market as investors are always wary of the inherent risks associated with the uncertainty of the market. This study has crucial policy implications for the government of the GCC countries and stock market participants.