• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.569-573
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• 2006

This study was conducted to manufacture new product containing high soluble polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus extract. The new products were prepared for powder, granulate and tablet form by spray drying process. The high soluble powder form was mixed with sub-ingredients and then granulated form by granulator and molded as tablet form by a press molder respectively. Moisture content of products was following order; spray dried powder > granule > tablet Total sugar content of produce was observed to 19.14% in spray dried powder, 37.58% in granulate and 35.76% in tablet. The hue angle of products was $85.5^{\circ}$ in spray dried powder, $95.37^{\circ}$ in granulate and $94.67^{\circ}$ in tablet. The absorption capacity was higher in powder, but the product type did not affect the color.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 2009

The objective of this investigation was to develop a gastro-retentive(GR) dosage form of gabapentin and was to evaluate of its dissolution characteristics. GR tablet consists of expandable core tablet matrix and semi-permeable membrane coating. Poloxamer 407 and sodium bicarbonate were used to prepare the core matrix. Polyvinly acetate dispersion (Kollicoat $SR30D^{(R)}$) and polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene glycol copolymer ((Kollicoat $IR^{(R)}$)) were employed to form the semi-permeable membrane. The GR tablets significantly expanded up to fivefold in simulated gastrointestinal fluids with no apparent damage of the coating membrane over 12 hours. Also, the swelling rate was controllable with the amount of sodium bicarbonate. The drug release was observed to be substantially sustained based on coating level. The release rate of gabapentin from the GR tablet was gradually slowed down as the coasting amount was increased. The gabapentin GR tablet with 8% coating level showed a pseudo-zero order release kinetics over 12 hours. These results suggest that this swellable GR tablet system having semi-permeable membrane coating can be applicable for hydrophilic drug substances like gabapentin.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 1997

The present sustained-release terfenadine-pseudoephedrine HCl dosage form was the core tablet composed of outer (fast-release) layer containing 60 mg of terfenadine and l0mg of pseudoephedrine HCl, and inner (sustained-release) layer containing 110 mg of pseudoephedrine HCl. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of formulating the terfenadine-pseudoephedrine HCl double-layered tablet which was bioequivalent to the core tablet. Its sustained-release and fast-release layer were formulated with disintegrating agents and polymers, respectively, varying with their kinds and amounts. The comparative dissolution test of double-layered and core tablet was carried out at pH 1.2, 4.0 and 6.8, leading to select composite of double-layered tablet whose dissolution pattern was similar to that of core tablet. It was composed of fast-release layer containing 60mg of terfenadine. 10 mg of pseudoephedrine HCl, sodium bicarbonate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium starch glycolate, and sustained-release layer containing 110 mg of pseudoephedrine HCl and ethylcellulose/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) (110/30 mg/tablet).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2011

Main objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of a lubricant, magnesium stearate, as blended in a hydrophilic matrix tablet and to identify significant factors using a tablet ejection force and a swelling property. The characteristics of tablet ejection were evaluated with three different compression forces (30, 40, and 60 MPa) and two controlled factors, amount of magnesium stearate and its mixing time. A hydrophilic model drug (terazosin HCl dihydrate) was regarded as a default factor. Tablet swelling was also evaluated. The optimal amount of PEG compared to PEO was set to be 88.50% w/w. As the amount of magnesium stearate was varied from 0.79% to 2.20% w/w, the amount of PEO and PEG was adjusted to meet the tablet's total weight while maintaining the ratio between the two excipients constant. As the mixing time of magnesium stearate was increased, the tablet ejection force and the swelling property were decreased. As the amount of magnesium stearate was increased, the tablet ejection force and the swelling property were decreased since the increased mixing time and the amount of magnesium stearate induced hydrophobic properties of the matrix tablet more effectively. The ejection force of the tablet increased as a result of increase in the compression force, which means that the breaking of tablet/die-wall adhesion energy was also increased when the compression energy was increased. The results gavea valuable guide how to choose suitable amount of the lubricant with processing conditions for the development of hydrophilic matrix formulations.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2008

Nelumbo nucifera root(NNR) is used to clear summerheat(暑熱), bear Yang(陽) upwards and stop bleeding as mentioned in traditional Korean medicine. Also, it has been known that NNR is effective for lowering blood pressure and hyperlipidemia. The rhizome is considered to be nutritive, demulcent, diuretic and cholagogue and is used to treat piles, dyspepsia and diarrhea. An increasingly growing market for nutraceuticals and functional foods has triggered the study on natural sources for nutraceuticals, health foods and functional foods. But rhizome was inconvenient to formulate liquid dosage form(extract) by way of hot water because of its limited storage. Also the majority of the consumers have a complaint against the dosage. The purpose of this study was to develop the functional materials from NNR without side effects. We formulated the solid dosage form viz tablet and granule from the lotus root. Sensory evaluation was performed in terms of smell, taste, color and overall of lotus root and all colored forms(brown, dark brown, light green and yellow) of tablet and granule to evaluate the acceptability of the formulated tablets and granules. In sensory evaluation, among the formulated tablets and granules, light green granules obtained best score overall and yellow tablets showed the overall improved acceptability. In conclusion, lotus rhizome could be recommended as functional food. Further studies to clarify bioactive functions of Nelumbo nucifera in experimental animal model on atopic dermatitis are in progress.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1974

Tablet product design problem was structured as constrained optimization problem and subsequently solved by multiple regression analysis and Lagrangian method of optimization. Aluminum flufenamate was the drug chosen and microcrystalline cellulose nad starch were the binder and disintegrant, respectivley. The effect of the binder and disintegrant concentration on tablet hardness, friability, volume, in vitro release rate, and urinary excretion rate of drug in human subjects was recorded. Since a reasonably rapid release rate of drug is generally an important objective in the design of solid dosage form, optimization of this parameter was employed in studying the applicability of constrained optimization to a pharmaceutical product design problem. In addition to finding optimal sitivity analysis studies to such problems was also illustratd. It would appear that prediction of the in vivo t$_{50%}$ response from a knowledge of the incitro t$_{50%}$ response can be made fairly accurately for the tablet system used in this study.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.313-319
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of formulation ingredients on the drug release and to optimize the novel sustained release matrix tablet formulations of bupropion hydrochloride. A three factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was used for the optimization procedure, with the amounts of PEO ($X_1$), citric acid ($X_2$) and Compritol 888 ATO ($X_3$) as the independent variables. The selected dependent variables were the cumulative percentage values of bupropion hydrochloride that had dissolved after 1, 4 and 8 hr. Various dissolution profiles of the drug from sustained release matrix tablets were obtained. Optimization was performed for $X_1$, $X_2$ and $X_3$ using the following target ranges; $30%{\leq}Y_1{\leq}45%$; $70{\leq}Y_2{\leq}85%$; $85%{\leq}Y_3{\leq}100%$. The optimized formulation for bupropion hydrochloride was achieved with 12.5% PEO ($X_1$), 2.5% citric acid ($X_2$) and 10% Compritol 888 ATO ($X_3$). The sustained release matrix tablets with the optimized formulation provided a release profile that was close to predicted values. In addition, the dissolution profiles of the sustained release matrix tablet with the optimized formulation were similar to those of the commercial product Wellbutrin$^{(R)}$ SR tablets ($f_2$=79.83).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

This thesis proposes CBIRS/TB method that uses a tablet's color distribution information and form distinctive in content-based search. CBIRS/TB can avoid misuses and improper tablet uses by conducting content-based search in commonly prescribed tablets. The existing FE-CBIRS system is limited to recognizing only the image of color and shape of the tablet, that leads to applying insufficient form-specific information. While CBIRS/TB utilizes average, standard deviation, hue and saturation of each tablets in color, brightness, and contrast, FE-CBIRS has partial-sphere application problem; only applying the typical color of the tablet. Also, in case of the shape-specific-information, Invariant Moment is mainly used for the extracted partial-spheres. This causes delayed processing time and accuracy problems. Therefore, to improve this setback, this thesis indexed color-specific-information of the extracted images into categorized classification for improved search speed and accuracy.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 1996

The matrix tablet containing sodium alginate and $CaHPO_4$ can release drugs in a controlled fashion from hydrogel with gelling and swelling due to their interaction as water penetrates the matrices of the tablet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate release characteristics of the matrix tablet varying the amount of sodium alginate, $CaHPO_4$ and other excipients such as chitosan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and $Eudragit^{\circledR}$ RS100 in the simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. The practically soluble ibuprofen was used as a model drug. The release profiles of matrix tablet in the gastric fluid as a function of sodium alginate/$CaHPO_4$ ratio was not pronounced because of low solubility of drug and stability of alginate matrices. However, release rate of drug from the matrix tablet in the intestinal fluid was largely changed when sodium alginate/$CaHPO_4$ ratio was increased, suggesting that the ratio of sodium alginate/$CaHPO_4$ was an important factor to control the gelling and swelling of the matrix tablet. The incorporation of other excipients into the matrix tablet also influenced the release rate of drug. The chitosan and HPMC decreased the release rate of drug. No release of drug was occurred when $Eudragit^{\circledR}$ RS100 was added into the tablet. The retarded release of matrix tablet when excipients were added resulted from the hindrance of swelling and gelling of the matrix tablet containing sodium alginate and $CaHPO_4$. The hardness and bulk density of the matrix tablet was not correlated with release rate of drug in the study. From these findings, the ratio of sodium alginate and $CaHPO_4$ in the matrix tablet in addition to incorporation of excipients could be very important to control the release rate of drug in dosage form design.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.507-512
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• 2000

This study set out to improve the physical and pharmaceutical characteristics of the present formulation using an appropriate experimental design. The work described here concerns the formulation of the dispersible tablet applying direct compression method containing roxithromycin in the form of coated granules. In this study $2^3$ factorial design was used as screening test model and Central Composite Design (CCC) associated with response surface methodology was used as optimization study model to develop and to optimize the proper formulation of roxithromycin dispersible tablet. The three independent variables investigated were functional excipients like binder (X1), disintegrant (X2) and lubricant (X3). The effects of these variables were investigated on the following responses: hardness (Y1), friability (Y2) and disintegration time (Y3) of tablet. Three replicates at the center levels of the each design were used to independently calculate the experimental error and to detect any curvature in the response surface. This enabled the best formulations to be selected objectively. The effect order of each term to all response variable was X3> X2> Xl> X1＊X2> X2＊X2> X2＊X3> X3＊X3> Xl＊X3> Xl＊Xl and model equations on each response variables were generated. Optimized compositions of formula were accordingly computed using those model equations and confirmed by following demonstration study. As a result, this study has demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of using a systematic formulation optimization process to develop the tablet formulation of roxithromycin dispersible tablet with limited experiment.