• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.40-44
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• 1997

The governing functional in plastic deformation has to satisfy the incompressible condition. This incompressible condition imposed on the velocity fields can be removed by introducing either the Langrange multiplier or the penalty function into the functional. In the study two-dimensional rigid plastic FEM programs using by Lagrange multiplier and penalty function are developed. A compression of cylinder and a spike forging are simulated to compare the data of loads, local mean stresses and reductions of volume.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.57-61
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• 1997

The governing functional in plastic deformation has to satisfy the incompressible condition. This incompressible condition imposed on the velocity fields can be removed by introducing either the Langrange multiplier or the penalty function into the functional. In this study two-dimensional rigid plastic FEM programs using by Langrange multiplier and penalty function are developed. A compression of cylinder and a spike forging are simulated to compare the data of loads, local mean stresses and reductions of volume.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1994

The study of the integral of the scalar curvature, $A(g)\;=\;{\int}_M\;RdV_9$ as a functional on the set M of all Riemannian metrics of the same total volume on a compact orient able manifold M is now classical, dating back to Hilbert [6] (see also Nagano [8]). Riemannian metric g is a critical point of A(g) if and only if g is an Einstein metric.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.23-27
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• 1997

Bio-Green(B.G.) functional water was manufactured by Kyungwon Enterprise Co. through a series of processes ; water longrightarrow ultra-purification longrightarrow adding catalysts longrightarrow energy imprinting fermenting with energized water + zeolite and others + photosynthetic bacteria in fermenter longrightarrow filtering. Control(0), 5 or 10 liters of B.G. functional water were supplied to the orchard soil under canopy of 10 year old 'Tsugaru'/M26 apple trees on March 20, May 20 and June 20, 1995, respectively. Some orchard soil characteristics, not only pH, but also Ca and Mg of exchangeable cations were increased by supply with B.G. functional water. However, P$_2$O$_{5}$, K, and B contents were not influenced by the treatment. At harvest time soluble solid content of flesh and anthocyanin of fruit skin were increased by the treatment. B.G. functional water treatment showed higher root activities, and photosynthesis of leaves than that of control. Also B.G. functional water treatment showed higher Ca content in fruit skin and flesh tissues, whereas not affected N, K, and Mg contents. During storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ cold room, the more volume of B.G. functional water supply showed lower bitter pit symptom. Respiration and ethylene evolution in fruit were decreased, while fruit firmness increased by the treatment during storage.e.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2004

It has been conjectured that, on a compact orient able manifold M, a critical point of the total scalar curvature functional restricted the space of unit volume metrics of constant scalar curvature is Einstein. In this paper we show that if a manifold is a 3-dimensional warped product, then (M, g) cannot be a critical point unless it is isometric to the standard sphere.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.641-648
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• 2000

It has been conjectured that, on a compact 3-dimensional manifold, a critical point of the total scalar curvature functional restricted to the space of constant scalar curvature metrics of volume 1 is Einstein. In this paper we find a sufficient condition that a critical point is Einstein. This condition is equivalent for a critical point ot be conformally flat. Its relationship with the Fisher-Marsden conjecture is also discussed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.364-373
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• 2011

Human embryonic stem cells have been highlighted as a valuable cellular source in the regenerative medicine field, due to their pluripotency. However, there is the challenge of the establishment of specific functional cell type forms of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESC). To establish and purify functional cell types from hESCs, we differentiated undifferentiated hESCs into vascular lineage cells and sorted the specific cell population from the whole cell population, depending on their cell volume, and compared them with the non-sorted cell population. We observed that about 10% of the PECAM positive population existed in the VEGF induced differentiating human embryoid body (hEB), and differentiated hEBs were made into single cells for cell transplantation. After making single cells, we performed cell sorting using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACs), according to their cell volume on the basis of FSC region gating, and compared their therapeutic capacity with the non-sorted cell population through cell transplantation into hindlimb ischemic disease model mice. 4 Weeks after cell transplantation, the recovery rate of blood perfusion reached 54% and 17% in the FSC regions of sorted cells- and non-sorted cells, respectively. This result suggests that derivation of a functional cell population from hESCs can be performed through cell sorting on the basis of cell volume after preliminary differentiation induction. This approach may then greatly contribute to overcoming the limitations of marker sorting.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.900-908
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• 2011

The volume of the functional clothing market is gradually growing in Korea. This study intended to identify the relationship among benefits sought in clothing, well-being health consciousness, age, and purchase intention of functional clothing. A survey data was collected from 380 male ranging from 20 to 59 years old and was analyzed SPSS 17.0. As a result, six clothing benefit factors were identified and labeled as attraction improvement, social position, figure flaw compensation, individuality, comfort, and economy. The influences of benefits sought in clothing on the purchase intention was found. Also well-being health consciousness and age moderated the effects of benefits sought in clothing on the purchase intention.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 1994

Background : The demand for refinement in noninvasive and quantitative assessment of left ventricular (LV) function is increasing. Purpose : To assess normal values of left ventricular functional parameters during both systole and diastole by scintigraphic method using computerized triple-head gamma camera and to evaluate correlations between these parameters. Methods : ECG gated blood pool scan with $^{99m}Tc$-Human serum albumin was performed in 94 normal Korean subjects. Ejection fraction (EF), systolic parameters [peak emptying rate (PER), average emptying rate (AER), time to peak emptying rate (TPER)], and diastolic parameters [peak filling rate (PFR), average filling rate (AFR), time to peak filling rate (TPFR)] were obtained by analysis of LV time-activity curve, the correlation of these parameters to the age and sex, and the correlation between these parameters were evaluated. Results : 1) Mean value of ejection fraction in study subjects was $59.6{\pm}5.25%$ and showed no significant correlation to age (r=-0.08) and sex but showed most pronounced correlation to PFR (r=0.46, p<0.001), PER (r=0.41, p<0.001), AFR (r=0.34, p<0.001) and AER (r=0.28, p<0.01). 2) Mean values of systolic parameters were as follows: $PER=3.22{\pm}0.50$ end-diastolic volume/sec, $AER=2.22{\pm}0.45$ end-diastolic volume/sec, $TPER=103.5{\pm}29.30$ msec. They showed no significant correlation to age and sex. 3) Mean values of diastolic parameters were as follows: $PFR=2.71{\pm}0.51$ end-diastolic volume/sec, $AFR=1.83{\pm}0.44$ end-diastolic volume/sec, $TPFR=132.1{\pm}33.45$ msec. They showed strong correlation to age (r=0.70, -0.64, 0.37, p<0.001). Conclusions : Left ventricular functional parameters in normal Korean subjects were obtained reliably by computerized scintigraphic method and may be applied to the evaluation of cardiac function in diseased patients.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

This study investigated the quality characteristics of muffins by the amount of addition of suchero (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) as there is increasingly higher interest in functional alternative sweetener. The effects of suchero were evaluated in terms of height, volume, weight, specific volume, baking loss rate, colorimeter, and sensory evaluation. Texture and moisture contents of muffins during storage (1, 2, 3 days) were measured. As the ratio of suchero increased, the volume, specific volume, and weight increased, whereas the volume and specific volume was not significant. During storage, moisture content of muffins decreased significantly. The moisture content of the sample containing suchero was higher than S0(control group). The addition of suchero increased L value of crust and crumb decreased, whereas a value and b value increased. The muffin with 100% of suchero (S100) in test group showed the lowest hardness. According to the sensory evaluation, the muffin with 50% of suchero (S50) showed the highest score in terms of appearance, color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptance, S50 showed the best result and the optimum addition of suchero.