• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.805-821
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• 2023

This study developed an evaluation system to explore the effect of the environmental temperature on the stress redistribution produced by cable stress relaxation of structural members in a steel cable-stayed bridge. The generalized Maxwell model is used to estimate stress relaxation at different temperatures. The environmental temperature is represented using the thermal coefficients and temperature loads. The fmincon optimization function is used to determine the set of stress relaxation parameters at different temperatures for all cables. The ABAQUS software is employed to investigate the stress redistribution of the steel cable-stayed bridge caused by the cable stress relaxation and the environmental temperature. All of these steps are set up as an evaluation system to save time and ensure the accuracy of the study results. The developed evaluation system is then employed to investigate the effect of environmental temperature and cable type on stress redistribution. These studies' findings show that as environmental temperatures increased up to 40 ℃, the redistribution rate increased by up to 34.9% in some girders. The results also show that the cable type with low relaxation rates should be used in high environmental temperature areas to minimize the effect of cable stress relaxation.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.84-89
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• 1999

Most of ferrous b.c.c weld materials may experience martensitic transformation during rapid cooling after welding. It is well known that volume expansion due to the phase transformation could influence on the relaxation of welding residual stress. To apply this effect practically, it is a prerequisite to establish a numerical model which is able to estimate the effect of phase transformation on residual stress relaxation quantitatively. For this purpose, the analysis is carried out in two regions. i.e., heating and cooling, because the variation of material properties following a phase transformation in cooling is different in comparison with the case in heating, even at the same temperature. The variation of material properties following phase transformation is considered by the adjustment of specific heat and thermal expansion coefficient, and the distribution of residual stress in analysis is compared with that of experiment by previous study. consequently, in this study, simplified numerical procedures considering phase transformation, which based on a commercial finite element package was established through comparing with the experimental data of residual stress distribution by other researcher. To consider the phase transformation effect on residual stress relaxation, the transition of mechanical and thermal property such as thermal expansion coefficient and specific heat capacity was found by try and error method in this analysis.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2018

This paper deals with the relaxation of singular stresses developed in an epoxy adhesive at high temperature. The interface stresses are analyzed using BEM. The adhesive employed in this study is an epoxy which can be cured at room temperature. The adhesive is assumed to be linearly viscoelastic. First, the distribution of the interface stresses developed in the adhesive layer under the uniform tensile stress has been calculated. The singular stress has been observed near the interface corner. Such singular stresses near the interface corner may cause epoxy layer separated from adherent. Second, the interfacial thermal stress has been investigated. The uniform temperature rise can relieve the stress level developed in the adhesive layer under the external loading, which can be viewed as an advantage of thermal loading. It is also obvious that temperature rise reduces the bonding strength of the adhesive layer. Experimental evaluation is required to assess a trade-off between the advantageous and deleterious effects of temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.11-11
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• 2002

Plastic deformation was observed by TEM around the intragranular SiC particles in the $Al_2O_3$ matrix for $Al_2O_3/SiC$ nanocomposite system. The dislocations are generated at selected planes and there is a tendency for the dislocations to form a subgrain boundary structure with low-angel grain boundaries and networks. In this study, dislocation generated in the $Al_2O_3$ matrix during cooling down from sintering temperatures by the highly localized thermal stresses within and/or around SiC particles caused from the thermal expansion mismatch between $Al_2O_3$ matrix and SiC particle was observed. In monolithic $Al_2O_3$ and $Al_2O_3/SiC$ microcomposite system. These phenomena is closely related to the plastic relaxation of the elastic stress and strain energy associated with both thermal misfitting inclusions and creep behaviors. The plastic relaxation behavior was explained by combination of yield stress and internal stress.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.10 s.181
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• pp.2552-2559
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• 2000

Most of ferrous b.c.c weld materials have martensitic transformation during rapid cooling after welding. It is well known that volume expansion due to the phase transformation could influence on the relaxation of welding residual stress. To apply this effect practically, it is necessary to establish a numerical model which is able to estimate the effect of phase transformation on residual stress relaxation quantitatively. For this purpose, the analysis is carried out in two regions, i.e., heating and cooling, because the variation of material properties following a phase transformation in cooling is different in comparison with the case in heating, even at the same temperature. The variation of material properties following phase transformation is considered by the adjustment of specific heat and thermal expansion coefficient, and the distribution of residual stress in analysis is compared with that of experiment by previous study. In this study, simplified numerical procedures considering phase transformation, which based on a commercial finite element package was established through comparing with the experimental data of residual stress distribution by other researcher. To consider the phase transformation effect on residual stress relaxation, the transition of mechanical and thermal property such as thermal expansion coefficient and specific heat capacity was found by try and error method in this analysis. In addition to, since the transformation temperature changes by the kind and control of alloying elements, the steel with many kinds of transformation temperature were selected and the effect of transformation on stress releasement was investigated by the numerical procedures considering phase transformation.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.496-500
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• 2008

Plastics is commonly used in consumer electronics because of it is high strength per unit mass and good productivity. But plastic parts are usually distorted after injection molding due to the residual stress after filling, packing, cooling process, and etc. And plastic material is to be deteriorated according to various temperature conditions and operating time, which can be characterized by stress relaxation and creep. The viscoelastic behavior of plastic materials in time domain can be expressed by the Prony series of the commercial code, ABAQUS. In the paper, the process to predict the post deformation under cyclic thermal loadings was suggested. The process was applied to the real panel, and the deformation predicted by the analysis was compared with that of real test, which showed the possibility of applying the suggested process to predict the post deformation of plastic product under thermal loadings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.288-292
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• 2008

Plastics is commonly used in consumer electronics because of it is high strength per unit mass and good productivity. But plastic parts are usually distorted after injection molding due to the residual stress after filling, packing, cooling process, and etc. And plastic material is to be deteriorated according to various temperature conditions and operating time, which can be characterized by stress relaxation and creep. The viscoelastic behaviour of plastic materials in time domain can be expressed by the Prony series of the commercial code, ABAQUS. In the paper, the process to predict the post deformation under cyclic thermal loadings was suggested. The process was applied to the real panel, and the deformation predicted by the analysis was compared with that of real test, which showed the possibility of applying the suggested process to predict the post deformation of plastic product under thermal loadings.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.84-90
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• 2004

For the precise assessment of the effect of welding residual stresses on structural strength and fatigue crack growth behavior, new FE analysis algorithms for the estimation of residual stress relaxation due to external load and redistribution due to fatigue crack propagation were proposed in this paper. Initial welding residual stress field was obtained by thermal elasto-plastic analysis considering temperature dependent material properties, and the amount of residual stress relaxation and redistribution were assessed by subsequent elasto-plastic analysis In the analysis of fatigue crack propagation, the applied SIF(Stress Intensity Factor) range was evaluated by $\frac{1}{4}$-point displacement extrapolation method, and the effect of welding residual stresses on crack propagation was considered by introducing the effective SIF concept. The test results of crack propagations were compared with the predicted data obtained by the analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.285-300
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• 2010

The two-dimensional deformation of a homogeneous, isotropic thermoelastic half-space with voids with variable modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity subjected to thermomechanical boundary conditions has been investigated. The formulation is applied to the coupled theory(CT) as well as generalized theories: Lord and Shulman theory with one relaxation time(LS), Green and Lindsay theory with two relaxation times(GL) Chandrasekharaiah and Tzou theory with dual phase lag(C-T) of thermoelasticity. The Laplace and Fourier transforms techniques are used to solve the problem. As an application, concentrated/uniformly distributed mechanical or thermal sources have been considered to illustrate the utility of the approach. The integral transforms have been inverted by using a numerical inversion technique to obtain the components of displacement, stress, changes in volume fraction field and temperature distribution in the physical domain. The effect of dependence of modulus of elasticity on the components of stress, changes in volume fraction field and temperature distribution are illustrated graphically for a specific model. Different special cases are also deduced.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.216-218
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• 2003

Most of ferrous b.c.c weld materials may experience martensitic transformation during rapid cooling after welding. And it is well known that volume expansion due to phase transformation could influence in the case of welding of high tensile strength steels on the relaxation of welding residual stress. To apply this effect practically, it is a prerequisite to establish a numerical model which is able to estimate the effect of phase transformation on residual stress relaxation quantitatively. In this study, we investigated the effect of phase transformation on the relaxation of welding residual stress through experiment. And three-dimensional thermal elastic-plastic FEM analysis is conducted to compare the effect of phase transformation on the relaxation of welding residual stress in high strength steels(POSTEN60, POSTEN80) with analytical results which is not considering the effect of phase transformation on residual stress relaxation. According to the results, the extents of welding residual stress relaxation due to phase transformation in the case of welding of POSTEN60, POSTEN80 are 0.85 $\sigma$/$\sigma$$\sub$Y0/, 0.75$\sigma$/$\sigma$$\sub$Y0/, respectively.