• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.6059-6062
• /
• 2012

Regional cancer epidemiology is an important basis for determining the priorities for cancer control in different countries worldwide. There is no reliable information about the pattern of head and neck cancer in western Nepal and hence an attempt was here made to evaluate the situation based on hospital data, which provide the only source in the western region of Nepal. A clinicopathological analysis of head and neck cancers treated between 2003 and 2006 in Manipal Teaching Hospital affiliated to Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Western Development Region, Nepal was performed. A total of 105 head and neck cancer cases were identified with a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The median ages of male and female patients were 62 and 64 years, respectively. Ninety-seven (92.4%) of the cancer patients were suffering from carcinoma, three (2.9%) had blastoma, three (2.9%) had sarcoma, and two (1.9%) had lymphoma. The majority (61.9%) of carcinoma cases were squamous cell carcinoma followed by anaplastic carcinoma (7.2%). Of the carcinoma cases, the most common site of primary lesion was larynx (19.6%), followed by the thyroid (14.4%), the tongue and hypopharynx with 10.3% cases each. Comparative analysis among males and females did not reveal any sex difference in type of head and neck cancers. The head and neck cancer pattern revealed by the present study provides valuable leads to cancer epidemiology in western Nepal and useful information for health planning and cancer control, and future research in western Nepal.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.4379-4386
• /
• 2013

Projection of cancer incidence is essential for planning cancer control actions, health care and allocation of resources. Here we project the cancer burden at the National and State level to understand the magnitude of cancer problem for the various calendar years from 2011 to 2026 at 5-yearly intervals. The age, sex and site-wise cancer incidence data along with populations covered by the registries were obtained from the report of National Cancer Registry Programme published by Indian Council of Medical Research for the period 2001-2004. Pooled age sex specific cancer incidence rates were obtained by taking weighted averages of these seventeen registries with respective registry populations as weights. The pooled incidence rates were assumed to represent the country's incidence rates. Populations of the country according to age and sex exposed to the risk of development of cancer in different calendar years were obtained from the report of Registrar General of India providing population projections for the country for the years from 2001 to 2026. Population forecasts were combined with the pooled incidence rates to estimate the projected number of cancer cases by age, sex and site of cancer at various 5-yearly periods Viz. 2011, 2016, 2021 and 2026. The projections were carried out for the various leading sites as well as for 'all sites' of cancer. In India, in 2011, nearly 1,193,000 new cancer cases were estimated; a higher load among females (603,500) than males (589,800) was noted. It is estimated that the total number of new cases in males will increased from 0.589 million in 2011 to 0.934 million by the year 2026. In females the new cases of cancer increased from 0.603 to 0.935 million. Three top most occurring cancers namely those of tobacco related cancers in both sexes, breast and cervical cancers in women account for over 50 to 60 percent of all cancers. When adjustments for increasing tobacco habits and increasing trends in many cancers are made, the estimates may further increase. The leading sites of cancers in males are lung, oesophagus, larynx, mouth, tongue and in females breast and cervix uteri. The main factors contributing to high burden of cancer over the years are increase in the population size as well as increase in proportion of elderly population, urbanization, and globalization. The cancer incidence results show an urgent need for strengthening and augmenting the existing diagnostic/treatment facilities, which are inadequate even to tackle the present load.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.20-28
• /
• 2013

Daily stress is emerging as one of major problems to affect oral health in complicated and diversified modern society. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the daily stress of adults on their oral symptoms. The subjects in this study were 460 adults, on whom a survey was conducted from July 1 to October 30, 2012. The findings of the study were as follows: As to the impact of daily stress on oral symptoms, symptoms of the lips and cheeks and symptoms of the tongue were under the significant influence of physical, behavioral and psychoemotional stress. Physical and psychoemotional stress had a significant impact on symptoms of the teeth and the gums, and temporomandibular symptoms were significantly affected by psychoemotional and physical stress. The findings of the study showed that daily stress exerted a larger influence on the lips, cheeks and mucous membrane of oral cavity, and that multiple oral diseases took place when there were not only physical and psychoemotional stress but behavioral stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.169-180
• /
• 2007

Objective : This study was to explore the change of new outpatients in ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dermatology. Methods : We did stastical analysis about 4638 new outpatients who had visited the department of ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dermatology in Kyunghee oriental medicine center from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2006 and had ophthalmologic, otologic, rhinologic, laryngologic and dermatologic diseases. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Distribution of ophthalmology, otology, rhinology, laryngology and dermatology classification in new outpatients was 44.74% in dermatology the most, 26.50% in rhinology, 14.45% in otology, 8.78% in ophthalmology, 5.54% in laryngology. In all classifications except ophthalmology, outpatients increased, but the proportion of outpatients increased the most in dermatology. 2. The proportion of the new outpatients in ophthalmology was 20.15% in 51-60 years old the most. And 36.61% in dry eye the most, next 27.03% in visual disorder, 10.07% in strabismus. The proportion of the new outpatients in ophthalmology in strabismus decreased by 43.93 percent point but in dry eye increased by 32.17 percent point. 3. The proportion of the new outpatients in otology was 24.94% in 61+ years old the most. And 64.03% in tinnitus, hearing loss the most, next 17.46% in vertigo, dizziness. By 17.36 percent point, it in tinnitus, hearing loss decreased. But in vertigo, dizziness increased by 14.91 percent point. 4. The proportion of the new outpatients in rhinology was 40.93% in 0-10 years old the most. And it increased by 20.08 percent point. 69.30% in rhinitis the most but it decreased by 17.70 percent point. But 32.59% in sinusitis, that means it increased by 14.41 percent point. 5. The proportion of the new outpatients in laryngology was 68.09% in female, 23.35% in 51-60 years old the most. And it was 29.96% in laryngopharyngitis, 19.07% in stomatitis, 14.40% in the diseases of tongue. 6. The proportion of the new outpatients in dermatology was 37.21% in 21-30 years old the most.And it was 22.93% in atopic dermatitis the most, next 14.77% in urticaria. That means it increased by 8.19 percent point. But the proportion of the new outpatients in dermatology decreaed in acne, pruritus. Conclusions : We could know that there had been many changes of new outpatients in ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dermatology

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.255-286
• /
• 2001

The development of language skills among immigrants is important for their economic adjustment in their host societies since language is an important dimension of the skill levels of immigrants relevant for the labor markets of the host countries. Moreover, language plays a key role in the social adjustment of immigrants and in the social and political cohesion particularly in the society like the US that has diverse racial and ethnic groups. The main purposes of the present study are to analyze the determinants of English abilities of Korean and other Asian immigrants in the US. The present study utilizes the Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS, S, 5%) in the US. We adopted the ordered probit technique to analyze qualitative differences of English ability. The study found that English fluency increases with a longer duration in the US, the presence of children in the household, living in an area in which a smaller proportion speak ones mother tongue, a younger age at immigration, a higher level of schooling. However, there are marked variations in levels of English proficiency among Asian immigrants.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.824-835
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was identified about oral health status and oral health needs of elderly. Moreover this study would be based further research of development of oral health in elderly. Methods : This study was undertaken to determine the oral health status and the need of oral management of over 65years elderly who were with dental prosthesis in elderly welfare center and Kyung Ro Dong in Kyung Bok and Kyung Nam. The results were as follows. Results : The sample was 200 participants. The demographical characteristic were that 74.0% of participant was female, 29.0% of participant was 75~79 years old, 42.5% of participant was under elementary, and 45.5% of participant was living alone. 43.7% of participant was pain from muscle-skeletal disease, 37.1% of participant was cardiac-vascular disease, and 31.1% of participant was ophthalmic disease. In oral health status, 54.5% of participant was partly artificial tooth and 45% of participant was whole artificial tooth. 78.0% of participant used under 10 years with partly artificial tooth and only 27.4% were satisfaction with artificial tooth. 83.5% of participant used under 10 years with whole artificial tooth and only 26.4% were satisfaction with artificial tooth. In the oral health status of partly artificial tooth, the average of toothbrush was 2 times, 42.2%. The majority method of toothbrush was 'their own freely' 55.0%. The time of toothbrush was 'after meal' 81.8%. The study result showed that majority participant didn't experience of tongue brush, regular examination, scaling, and oral health education. In the need of oral management with the whole artificial tooth, the participant who used longer artificial tooth was significantly higher about artificial irrigation and the method of management(p<.05). The need of participant who answered 'don't gum massage', was higher of xerostomia treatment(p<.01) and halitosis treatment(p<.05). In the need of oral management with the partly artificial tooth, the participant who used longer artificial tooth was significantly higher about regular examination(p<.01), oral cavity massage(p<.05), scaling(p<.05), dental caries treatment(p<.01). The need of participant who answered 'don't satisfaction with artificial tooth' was higher of regular examination and scaling(p<.05). Conclusions : Oral management needs of elderly who kept artificial tooth or denture required were regular dental examination, xerostomia management, management of artificial tooth and irrigation, and management of bad breath. This results meaned the oral health intervention program for elderly was developed regularly.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.487-495
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the associated factors with oral health behavior in public health majoring students. Methods: Using convenience sampling method, the subjects were 474 health-related majoring students in Jeollanamdo. A self-reported questionnaire was completed from September 1 to 15, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, oral health related characteristics, oral health knowledge and behavior. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.3 version. T-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the related factors with oral health behavior. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ in oral health knowledge in this study was 0.52 and that in oral health behavior was 0.80. Results: The overall score of oral health behavior was $3.38{\pm}0.52$. Of all behaviors, the practice in brush of teeth and tongue had the highest mean score. In multiple regression analysis, oral health knowledge in the nursing and dental hygiene students was positively associated with the oral health behavior(${\beta}=0.04$, p=0.003, ${\beta}=0.23$, p=0.003, and ${\beta}=0.18$, p=0.034, respectively). Necessity of dental care, one of oral symptom, and more than two oral symptoms were negatively associated with oral health behavior(${\beta}=-0.14$, p=0.002, ${\beta}=-0.11$, p=0.037, and ${\beta}=-0.17$, p=0.011, respectively). Conclusions: Higher oral health knowledge showed higher levels of oral health behavior. These results will enhance the quality of oral health behavior by increasing the level of oral health knowledge. The optimal oral health education program would be able to improve oral health behavior by increasing the level of oral health knowledge.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.146-156
• /
• 1998

Microvascular surgery has been widely used clinically for over 30 years. Although many types of free skin and myocutaneous flap are being used at present, surgeons are still looking for new flaps to suit the specific requirements of different recipient sites, to reduce the deformity at the donor site, to ease the management of the flap and to increase the success rate of those operations. The lateral thigh free flap was designed and reported simultaneously with the medial thigh free flap by Baek in 1983. The flap, based on the third perforator of the profunda femoris artery. is designed on the posterolateral aspect of the distal thigh. Clinically, the vascular variations and the locations of perforators of this system can be determined preoperatively with simple angiograms and Dopper audiometry. The lateral thigh free flap is suitable for reconstruction of defects in an oral floor with tongue and esophageal deficits, scalp defects with dural defects, and large full thickness defects of the lip. The advantages of this flap are safe elevation, a long vascular pedicles with a large lumen, skin that is generally thin, and good pliability. Furthermore, the skin territory is very wide and long. The donor site is hidden and therefore more acceptable to the patient. The disadvantage of this flap is that the anatomy of the pedicle vessels has irregular derivation from the main vessel. We had reconstructed lateral thigh free flap to the nine patients from January, 1997 to July, 1998 and got satisfactory results. In this paper we illustrate the arterial anatomy of the thigh and usefulness of this flap for the reconstruction of the head and neck.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.574-575
• /
• 1996

The theme of the current study is to study intonation of Taiwanese(Tw.) by comparing the intonation patterns in native language (Ll), target language (L2), and interlanguage (IL). Studies on interlanguage have dealt primarily with segments. Though there were studies which addressed to the issues of interlanguage intonation, more often than not, they didn't offer evidence for the statement, and the hypotheses were mainly based on impression. Therefore, a formal description of interlanguage intonation is necessary for further development in this field. The basic assumption of this study is that native speakers of one language perceive and produce a second language in ways closely related to the patterns of their first language. Several studies on interlanguage prosody have suggested that prosodic structure and rules are more subject to transfer than certain other phonological phenomena, given their abstract structural nature and generality(Vogel 1991). Broselow(1988) also shows that interlanguage may provide evidence for particular analyses of the native language grammar, which may not be available from the study of the native language alone. Several research questions will be addressed in the current study: A. How does duration vary among native and nominative utterances\ulcorner The results shows that there is a significant difference in duration between the beginning English learners, and the native speakers of American English for all the eleven English sentences. The mean duration shows that the beginning English learners take almost twice as much time (1.70sec.), as Americans (O.97sec.) to produce English sentences. The results also show that American speakers take significant longer time to speak all ten Taiwanese utterances. The mean duration shows that Americans take almost twice as much time (2.24sec.) as adult Taiwanese (1.14sec.) to produce Taiwanese sentences. B. Does proficiency level influence the performance of interlanguage intonation\ulcorner Can native intonation patterns be achieved by a non-native speaker\ulcorner Wenk(1986) considers proficiency level might be a variable which related to the extent of Ll influence. His study showed that beginners do transfer rhythmic features of the Ll and advanced learners can and do succeed in overcoming mother-tongue influence. The current study shows that proficiency level does play a role in the acquisition of English intonation by Taiwanese speakers. The duration and pitch range of the advanced learners are much closer to those of the native American English speakers than the beginners, but even advanced learners still cannot achieve native-like intonation patterns. C. Do Taiwanese have a narrower pitch range in comparison with American English speakers\ulcorner Ross et. al.(1986) suggests that the presence of tone in a language significantly inhibits the unrestricted manipulation of three acoustical measures of prosody which are involved in producing local pitch changes in the fundamental frequency contour during affective signaling. Will the presence of tone in a language inhibit the ability of speakers to modulate intonation\ulcorner The results do show that Taiwanese have a narrower pitch range in comparison with American English speakers. Both advanced (84Hz) and beginning learners (58Hz) of English show a significant narrower FO range than that of Americans' (112Hz), and the difference is greater between the beginning learners' group and native American English speakers.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.117-130
• /
• 2015

Objectives: Banhahoobak-tang has been used to treat plum-pit qi, chest and hypochondriac distension, moist or greasy tongue coat, and wiry slow or wiry slippery pulse. It might be used to control coughing and vomiting. We observed that Banhahoobak-tang extract (BHTe) had anti-psychological stress effect. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of BHTe on restoring the transcriptional regulation of genes related to psychological stress. Methods: After giving psychological stress to mice, BHTe was orally administered at 100 mg/kg/day for five days. After extracting whole brain tissue from the mice, the gene expression changes were determined by microarray. Transcription factor binding site (TFBS) analysis showed up- and down-regulated genes related to psychological stress were protected by BHTe and segregated according to the structure of TFBS. We performed text based Pubmed search to select significant target genes involved in psychological stress affected by BHTe. Results: 1. Serum corticosterone level was decreased in the BHTe administered group, although the psychological stress was increased. 2. The BHTe administered group had no significant change in noradrenaline content in brain tissue, but the psychological stress group had decreased level. 3. The BHTe administered group had increased time of staying at open-arm than the psychological stress group. 4. Microarray revealed that TANK and RARA genes were up-regulated genes while AES, CDC42, FOS, NCL, and PVR were down-regulated genes by psychological stress but restored by BHTe.