• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2002

This study conducts eccentric exercise ti non-dominant elbow flexor of 20 persons in order to examine the effects of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on sympathetic nerve activity in delayed onset muscle soreness, induces delayed onset muscle soreness, divides them into 10 persons respectively as experimental and control groups. And a stimulation for 2 min. with 100 pps is given to elbow flexor after repeated three times of 10 minutes rest, temperature, blood pressure and pulse are measured and as a result of two-way ANOVA, change of temperature didn't show a significant difference according to the elapse of times(p>0.05) and systolic pressure and pulses in showed a significant difference between experimental and control groups(p<0.05). These results suggest that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation has a direct or indirect influence on sympathetic nerve activity in delayed onset muscle soreness under a restricted condition of electrical stimulation.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2024

Objectives This study aimed to understand the general research trends, applicated disease, and methodology of transcutaneous/percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, contemplating its clinical use in traditional Korean medicine and future research directions. Methods A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley Framework Stage and adhering to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews: checklist and explanation. Papers published until October 30, 2023, were investigated across 10 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean Studies Information Service System, KMbase, Science ON, Research Information Sharing Service. The search terms used were 'Transcutaneous/Percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation'. Results Since 2021, the application of transcutaneous/percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for musculoskeletal symptoms has been actively researched, predominantly in Asia (37%), Europe (37%), and North America (21%). All 19 papers were part of clinical studies. Chronic pain was noted that most applied disease, it also was found to potentially aid in acute post-surgical pain relief. Major assessment tools include not only simple pain metrics but also pain perception, vagal nerve tension, quality of life, and inflammatory markers. Most procedures were carried out through the ear, which offers a favorable site for therapeutic stimulation without notable side effects. And parameter analysis, frequencies typically ranged around 25 Hz to 30 Hz, while pulse widths were commonly set at 250 ㎲ or 300 ㎲. Conclusions Transcutaneous/percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation is easily accessible through acupuncture in Korean medicine. Therefore, if future studies establish parameters and clinical significance, it could be utilized as a therapeutic modality.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.301-313
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• 1999

구강안면동통 환자의 치료법으로 널리 쓰이는 전기요법은 연조직과 신경계 구조물에 대한 치료 시 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 저자는 현재 구강안면동통의 치료법으로 널리 쓰이고 있는 전기요법들 중 경피성 신경자극(Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation)과 전기침자극요법(Electroacupuncture stimulation therapy)이 각각의 신경섬유에 미치는 효과를 평가하고자 정상 성인 남녀 29명에게 경피성 신경자극 및 전기침자극을 시행하고 시행 전 및 시행 후 삼차신경 영역의 3가지 종류($A{\beta}$, $A{\delta}$, C fiber)의 신경섬유의 전류인지역치(CPT) 변화를 측정하여 그 차이점을 분석하였으며 이를 대조군과 비교하였다. 경피성 신경자극 및 전기침자극 모두에서 대조군에 비해 삼차신경 영역의 모든 신경섬유에 걸쳐 고른 전류인지역치의 증가를 나타내었으며, 경피성 신경자극과 전기침자극 후의 전류인지역치 변화량은 서로 유의할만한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이는 경피성 신경자극 과 전기침자극 모두 3가지 종류($A{\beta}$, $A{\delta}$, C fiber)의 감각신경섬유의 전류인지역치에 영향을 미치며, 구강안면동통의 감소에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.437-442
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• 2022

Background: Propofol is a short-acting intravenous sedative widely used for procedural sedation and general anesthesia. However, pain during propofol injection is a distressing adverse effect. This study was designed to investigate whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) could reduce pain during propofol injection compared to sham TENS. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 80 patients were allocated to two groups: the active TENS group received electrical stimulation via two electrodes on the venous cannulation site, whereas the sham TENS group received no stimulus. After 20 min following TENS, propofol 0.5 mg/kg pain was injected intravenously and pain was evaluated using a four-point score (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe). Adverse effects associated with TENS were also recorded. Results: The overall incidence of pain during propofol injection was 47.5% in the TENS group and 87.5% in the sham group (P < 0.001). The incidence of moderate pain was significantly lower in the TENS group (7.5%) than in the sham TENS group (42.5%) (P < 0.001). There were no complications associated with TENS. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with TENS significantly reduced the incidence and intensity of pain during propofol injection.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.304-307
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• 2017

A 19-year-old male patient presented with facial hemi-atrophy with unilateral spasms of the masseter and temporalis muscles. Ultrasound therapy and Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation therapy, known as combination therapy, were given on alternate days for 2 weeks. At the end of 2 weeks of combination therapy the patient reported a drastic reduction in the number of episodes of muscle spasm. The visual analog scale score for tenderness of the masseter and temporalis was also markedly reduced. No one has previously used combination therapy for the treatment of facial hemi-atrophy with hemi-facial spasms. The encouraging results of the combination therapy has prompted us to document this study.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2020

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), manual acupuncture (MA), and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are used to treat a variety of pain conditions. These non-pharmacological treatments are often thought to work through similar mechanisms, and thus should have similar effects for different types of pain. However, it is unclear if each of these treatments work equally well on each type of pain condition. The purpose of this study was to compared the effects of TENS, MA, and SCS on neuropathic, inflammatory, and non-inflammatory pain models. Methods: TENS 60 Hz, 200 ㎲, 90% motor threshold (MT), SCS was applied at 60 Hz, an intensity of 90% MT, and a 0.25 ms pulse width. MA was performed by inserting a stainless-steel needle to a depth of about 4-5 mm at the Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints on a spared nerve injury (SNI), knee joint inflammation (3% carrageenan), and non-inflammatory muscle pain (intramuscular pH 4.0 injections) in rats. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds of the paw, muscle, and/or joint were assessed before and after induction of the pain model, and daily before and after treatment. Results: The reduced withdrawal thresholds were significantly reversed by application of either TENS or SCS (P < 0.05). MA, on the other hand, increased the withdrawal threshold in animals with SNI and joint inflammation, but not chronic muscle pain. Conclusions: TENS and SCS produce similar effects in neuropathic, inflammatory and non-inflammatory muscle pain models while MA is only effective in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to compare the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and silver spike point (SSP) therapy on current perception threshold (CPT) and mechanical pain threshold (MPT). Methods: Forty-five healthy adult male and female subjects were studied. Fourteen of them were males and twenty-one were females. Subject were randomly assigned to receive; (1) TENS (80/120 Hz alternating frequency), (2) SSP (3 Hz), or (3) no treatment (control group). Electric stimulation was applied over LI4 and LI11 on acupuncture points of the left forearm for 30 minutes. CPT and MPT were recorded before and after electrical stimulation. The data were analyzed using linear mixed models, with group treated as a between subject factor and time a within-subject factor. Results: At 30 minutes after cessation of electrical stimulation the CPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers was reduced in the TENS group that of C fibers was reduced in the SSP group (p<0.05). After cessation of electrical stimulation, the MPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers increased in the TENS group, and that of A${\delta}$fibers increased in the SSP group (p<0.05). Conclusion: After TENS and SSP stimulation, MPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers were selectively increased. In particular, the TENS group showed increases in both C and A${\delta}$fibers, while the SSP group showed increases only in A${\delta}$fibers.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.409-413
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• 2022

Objective: This study aims to compare the range of motion of the joints by applying the contraction and relaxation techniques used in manual therapy as electrical stimulation treatment. Based on this, we would like to propose the possibility of using motor nerve electrical stimulation therapy for musculoskeletal physical therapy. Design: Single-arm interventional study Methods: Active and passive straight leg raising tests were performed on 20 healthy men and women in their 20s to measure the angle of hip joint flexion. Then, the electrical stimulation time was set to 10 seconds and 5 seconds of rest, and motor nerve electrical stimulation of 1 Hz was applied with the maximum strength that could withstand the hamstring muscles for 10 minutes. After electrical stimulation, straight leg raising tests again to confirm the range of motion of the hip joint flexion. Results: As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the joint range of motion was significantly improved for both active and passive straight leg raising tests after application of motor nerve electrical stimulation(p<.05). Conclusions: With a strong electrical stimulation treatment of 1 Hz, the effect similar to the contraction and relaxation technique used in manual therapy was confirmed through the joint range of motion. In the future, motor nerve electrical stimulation therapy can be used for musculoskeletal physical therapy to provide a new approach for patients with reduced pain and joint range of motion due to muscle tension.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

Objective: Elderly people with dementia experience not only cognitive dysfunction but also motor function deficits, such as balance and gait impairments. Recently, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used to reduce pain as well as to control muscle spasm, spasticity and motor performance in various types of subjects. The purpose of this study determined the effect of a single trial TENS on balance and gait function in elderly people with dementia. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-two subjects with dementia were assigned to the TENS group (n=12) and ten subjects were assigned to the control group (n=10) randomly. Subjects were classified into two groups: the TENS group (n=12) and the placebo-TENS group (n=10). The TENS group had electrical stimulation applied on the calf muscle for 15 minutes, while the placebo-TENS group had not received real electrical stimulation. The timed up and go test (TUG) and functional reach test (FRT) were used to measure the balance function, and the 10 meters walk test (MWT) and 6MWT were used to assess gait ability. All tests were performed before and after intervention under a single-blinded condition. Results: After intervention, there were significant improvements in TUG, FRT, 10MWT, and 6MWT results in the TENS group (p<0.05), while the placebo-TENS group did not show significant changes in all outcome measurements. There were also differences in all tests between the two groups at post-measurements (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a single trial TENS application on the calf may be used to improve balance and gait function in elderly people with dementia.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 1994

Acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(ALTENS) on acupuncture site(dorsal and ventral side of finger) were compared with a placebo site(forearm) by infrared thermal imaging. Six disease-free volunteers underwent, on different days, an ALTENS treatment and a placebo treatment in a cross-over sequences of stimulation control and inhibition control in excess of 50 treatments. ALTENS treatments were given at 30Hz at an intensity just below pain threshold delivered to acupuncture points on fingers. Placebo stimulations were administered in similar manner. After every thirty minutes of ALTENS and placebo treatment with stimulation, inhibition control sequence and vice versa, we examined whole body infrared thermal imaging and checked changed skin temperature on frontal, anterior chest, upper and lower abdomen, dorsal and ventral aspect of hand, thoracic and lumbar area, anterior and posterior aspect of lower leg. There were significant skin temperature elevations with ALTENS treatment, especially finger control gate corresponding organ area. Placebo treatment revealed no skin temperature change. We concluded that ALTENS on finger control gate influence physiologic state as opposed to conventional electric stimulation.