• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2010

The heat transfer performance improvement in closed cooling water system of an electric power generation can be achieved by a corrosion control using corrosion inhibitors. The effect of trisodium phosphate and sodium nitrite upon carbon steel at various $Cl^{-1}$ ion containing water concentrations was examined by an integrated corrosion monitoring system. Nitrite was found to be the most effective inhibitor among tested inhibitors for carbon steel. The inhibiting process is considered as adsorption of nitrite ions in oxide layer which form a passive film on the carbon steel surface.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.55-61
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• 2014

Froth flotation was performed to study the effect of phosphate addition in the experiment to remove As from tailing of Sang-dong Mine. The experiment without Trisodium phosphate (T.S.P) showed that the removal rate of As was 88.7% and weight-ratio of floating material was 2.52%. By contrast, the experiment with T.S.P showed that the removal rate of As was 92.74% and weight-ratio of floating material was 2.26%. In flotation without T.S.P, the average particle size of float material was 19.34 um and the amount less than 10um was 40.2%. On the other hand, in flotation with T.S.P the average particle size of float material was 176.8 um and the amount less than 10um was 6.5%. The result of X.R.F analysis presented that contents of $SiO_2$ was 42.74% in float material of the experiment without T.S.P. In contrast, contents of $SiO_2$ was 29.56% in float material of the experiment with T.S.P.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 2012

This study was performed to determine the quality characteristics and shelf-life of low-fat sausages (LFS) with 0.4% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) alone or in combination with a 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP) solution during refrigerated storage. When 0.4% STPP was added, no differences in pH values were observed. However, pH values increased with the addition of the TSP solution when 0.4% STPP was incorporated. The addition of STPP into LFS decreased redness and the dipping in the TSP solution increased yellowness (p<0.05). Total bacteria and Listeria monocytogenes, which inoculated Log $10^{3-4}$ colony forming units (CFU/g) were increased with increased storage time. At 4 wk of storage, total bacteria and Listeria monocytogenes reached levels of 8.03-8.22 Log CFU/g, however they decreased to 7.89 Log CFU/g at 8 wk of storage time. Due to the pH increases, Listeria monocytogenes significantly increased in LFS dipping with 10% TSP. Based on these results, LFS dipping with 10% TSP solution promoted the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, regardless of STPP addition. These results indicated that 0.4% STPP addition and dipping with TSP affected the pH and color, however, it didn't extend the shelf-life of LFSs during refrigerated storage.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.295-310
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• 2013

Industry- or regulatory-sponsored research activities on the resolution of Generic Safety Issue (GSI)-191 were reviewed, especially on the chemical effects. Potential chemical effects on the head loss across the debris-loaded sump strainer under a post-accident condition were experimentally evidenced by small-scale bench tests, integrated chemical effects test (ICET), and vertical loop head loss tests. Three main chemical precipitates were identified by WCAP-16530-NP: calcium phosphate, aluminum oxyhydroxide, and sodium aluminum silicate. The former two precipitates were also identified as major chemical precipitates by the ICETs. The assumption that all released calcium would form precipitates is reasonable. CalSil insulation needs to be minimized especially in a plant using trisodium phosphate buffer. The assumption that all released aluminum would form precipitates appears highly conservative because ICETs and other studies suggest substantial solubility of aluminum at high temperature and inhibition of aluminum corrosion by silicate or phosphate. The industry-proposed chemical surrogates are quite effective in increasing the head loss across the debris-loaded bed and more effective than the prototypical aluminum hydroxide precipitates generated by in-situ aluminum corrosion. There appears to be some unresolved potential issues related to GSI-191 chemical effects as identified in NUREG/CR-6988. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, however, concluded that the implications of these issues are either not generically significant or are appropriately addressed, although several issues associated with downstream in-vessel effects remain.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.4062-4071
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• 2022

Long-term aluminum (Al) corrosion tests were designed to investigate the condition that would generate severe Al corrosion and precipitation. Buffer agents of sodium tetraborate (NaTB), trisodium phosphate (TSP) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were adopted. The insulation materials, fiberglass and calcium silicate (Ca-sil), were examined to explore their effects on Al corrosion. The results show that significant precipitates were formed in both NaTB/TSP-buffered solutions at high pH. The precipitates formed in NaTB solution raise more concerns on chemical effects in GSI-191. A passivation layer formed on the surfaces of coupon in solution with the presence of insulations could effectively mitigate Al corrosion. The Fe-enriched intermetallic particles (IPs) embedded in coupon appeared to serve as seeds to readily induce precipitation via providing extra area for heterogeneous Al hydroxide precipitation. X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicate that the precipitates are mainly boehmite (γ-AlOOH) and no direct evidence confirms the presence of sodium aluminum silicate or calcium phosphate.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.43-50
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• 2005

In this paper, we describe a study on the relationship between photographic emulsion manufacture and hardening test of color paper. The hardener was prepared by the reaction of cyanuric chloride with sodium hydroxide, disodium hydrogenphosphate-12-water and trisodium phosphate-12-water in the presence of water. The hardener used in this study is a 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxy-1,3,5-triazine mono sodium salt. The hardening test of photographic emulsion was studied respectively at pH 5.5, 7, 8.5 and about increasing temperature. Novel hardener can be used in photo-graphic emulsion of color paper and showed very good hardening effect.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.534-539
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• 2009

One of the most efficient techniques improving the heat transfer performance of a diesel electric generation is a corrosion control in jacket cooling water system. The environmental parameters most affecting corrosion are dissolved salt concentration, temperature, and pH of cooling water. No corrosion occurs in carbon steel probe at pH 11 in normal operating condition of diesel electric generation cooling water. pH control agent in this study is trisodium phosphate. pH control appears to be the most convenient way to enhance the thermal performance of a diesel electric generation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.302-307
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• 2005

The inactivation efficiency of Campylobacter jejuni were assessed in vitro and in vivo using confocal laser microscopy and flow cytometry. C. jejuni cells were inactivated with $1\%$ (w/v) trisodium phosphate (TSP) and the live cells and inactivated cells were distinguished by staining with LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacteria Viability fluorescent probe. After treatment of TSP for 5 min, most of C. jejuni cells turned to coccoid form from original spiral shape. C. jejuni cells lost total cell viability in the absence of organic nutrients but did not lost total cell viability in the presence of organic nutrients. In vivo test, C. jejuni cells turned to viable but non-culturable (VBNC) form after TSP treatment and remained alive on chicken skin. C. jejuni cells attached on chicken meat would transform to coccoid form by sanitizer treatment, but could possibly be alive by the benefits of organic nutrients present in chicken meat.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.435-439
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• 1986

The viability of tubercle bacilli in the sputum specimens has been investigated after different periods of storage at diffeent temperatures and in the presence of different preservatives. No loss of culture positives was observed for one week storage at $4^{\circ}C$, but 9.8% 19.5%C, and 26.8% of sputums failed to yield positives on 2, 3, and 4 weeks of storage respectively. At $25^{\circ}C$ even one week storage made 19.5% of sputums fail to yield positive culture and 2, 3, and 4 weeks of storage made 36.6% 70.7%, and 90.2% of sputums fail to yield positive culture respectively. And contamination was unacceptably high beyond one week of storage at $25^{\circ}C$. Contamination of sputum specimens could be protected fairly well by 0.5% boric acid, by 5% trisodium phosphate or by 0.5% cetylpyridium chloride, but, except CP, the former two had no advantage at all to protect viability of tubercle bacilli over the specimens without preservative. The CP was much less harmful to the viability of tubercle bacilli than BA, yielding 61.0% and 31.7% of culture positives on 3 and 4 weeks of storage in the presence of CP, while BA yielded 34.1% and 4.9% of positives on the same respective periods of storage. Therefore CP may be useful to preserve sputums if it takes more than 2 weeks to transport them at the temperature of over $25^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.290-294
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• 2006

Inactivation rates of Salmonella enteritidis in vitro and in vivo were assessed using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. S. enteritidis was inactivated with 1% (w/v) trisodium phosphate (TSP) and live cells, and inactive cells were distinguished by staining with fluorescent probe, LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacteria Viability stain. After TSP treatment for 1 min, most of Salmonella cells changed from green (live cells) fluorescence to red (inactive cells) fluorescence, indication of effective sanitizing. Inactivation efficiency and contamination sites of S. enteritidis on chicken skin by TSP treatment were assessed using confocal laser microscopy. Precise flow cytometry histograms for viability changes of S. enteritidis. after TSP treatments were obtained. Efficiency of various sanitizer treatments on foodborne pathogens could be assessed using this method.