• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1989

The tumoricidal activity of marine macrophage against K562 tumor cells was studied in the presence of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and ginseng saponin. 1 The tumoricidal activity was increased more by LPS treatment with ginseng saponin (44% in 24 hours) than by LPS only (22% in 24 hours). In the case of diol saponin, the tumoricidal activity was increased as much as 35% at concentrations of 10-3 to 1034%. Triol saponin increased the tumoricidal activity more than LPS only treatment at each concentration . 2. When total, dial and triol saponin were added to K.562 tumor cell in various concentration without macrophage, it was found that the ginseng saponin hall no tumoricidal effect. This result suggests that ginseng saponin increases the tumoricidal activity of K562 tumor celts through the tumoricidal activity of the macrophage.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 1991

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of ginseng saponin fraction and cyclophosphamide (CY) on the tumor development, the antitumor effect and the tumoricidal activity of mouse macrophage. When mice were treated with saponin or CY following inoculation with Sarcoma 180, tumor development was inhibited and survival ratio increased, and a combination of both treatments further inhibited the tumor development. Tumoricidal activity of macrophage was effectively increased at 10-7% concentration of CY and it was further increased when macrophage was cotreated with saponin and CY. Tumoricidal activity of macrophage was greatest at the third day after inoculating tumor cell. Both saponin and CY increased the chemiluminescence of macrophage, but CY had no effect on releasing TNF, unlike saponin.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.364-372
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• 1990

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of ginseng saponin fractions (total saponin, triol saponin. diol saponin) and lipopolysacrharide (LPS) on the tllmoricidal activity of macrophage. The ginseng saponin fractions had little effect on the tumoricidal activity of macrophage (less than 10%). When the ginseng saponin fractions were treated with LPS, the effects of tumoricidal activation of macrophage increased a relatively high percent, and the total saponin and triol saponin (20-35%) were ulore effectual than diol saponin (15-25%). The effects of ginseng saponin and LPS on the tumoricidal activity of macrophage were mediated by the induction of macrophage-release factor(5) which has(have) the capacity of tumor cell killing. And the quantity of the (actors) was(were) increased by the contact of macrophage with tumor cell.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Di-D-fructose-2,6':6,2'-dianhydride (DFA-IV) is a disaccharide consisting of two fructose residues that are prepared from levan by levan fructotransferase. Levan is a homopolysaccharide composed of D-fructofuranosyl residues joined by $\beta$-(2,6) and $\beta$-(2,1) linkages. We compared the immunomodulatory effects of levan with DFA-IV. Tumoricidal activity, phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) production were examined in levan- and DFA-IV-treated RAW264.7 cells. The NO production, tumoricidal and phagocytic activities were significantly increased in both treated cells. The results indicate that levan has significantly greater effects on tumoricidal activity than DFA-IV at low concentrations (1 ${\mu}g/mL$) and its effect on NO production shows a similar pattern. These results suggest that tumoricidal activity induced by both samples is mediated by NO production.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2008

for 4 h, tumoricidal activity was significantly increased. However, NSRG had effects on tumoricidal activity of macrophages at low concentration (1 ug/ml), which was not related to the production of nitric oxide. The mitogen response of lymphocytes to LPS and ConA in the spleen did not show significant differences between the control and NSRG-treated cells, whereas LPS-induced blastogenesis was slightly increased at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p < 0.05). These results suggest that NSRG has differential effects on innate immune response and could be useful as immunotherapy for cancer treatment.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.224-229
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• 2002

Triazine herbicide has been reported to directly suppress the immune response. In the present study, we examined various functions of murine peritoneal macrophages that were isolated and stimulated with LPS after simazine (300 and 600 mg/kg body weight), a triazine herbicide, was administered every day for 4 weeks. Simazine decreased the capacity of phagocytosis, compared to those of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-treated control group. In addition, the production of NO and TNF-$\alpha$ was decrcased in macrophages of simazinetreated mice. However, the production of hydrogen peroxide ($H_{2}O_{2}$) was not altered. In vitro tumoricidal activity of in vivo simazine-treated macrophages was reduced against target cell. B 16 melanoma. Taken together, these results suggested that simazine might have the immunosuppressive effect on macrophages after in vivo exposure, which was related to the reduction of tumoricidal activity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.268-272
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• 2006

Cimicifugae Rhizoma (CR) belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, which has been traditionally used to treat climacteric complaints, antipyretics and diaphoresis as an alternative medicine for estrogen hormone replacement therapy with estrogens. Recently, it has been reported that different extract fractions of CR have various effects such as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. The current study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of Cimicifugae Rhizoma water extracts (CRE) in the macrophage-like cell line, Raw 264.7. Our results showed that CRE ($1\sim50\;{\mu}g/mL$) stimulated tumoricidal activity and NO production, whereas phagocytic activity was inhibited at the same concentrations. Additionally, iNOS mRNA expression was significantly increased in Raw 264.7 exposed to CRE as demonstrated by RT-PCR. These results indicate that the tumoricidal activity induced by CRE may be mediated by the production of NO and these activities may be useful for the treatment of diseases such as cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 1991

The objective of this experiment was to examine the effect of polyamine depletion by polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on microbicidal activity and tumoricidal activity in mouse mac-rophages. $\alpha$ -Difluoromethylomithine (DFMO), inhibitor of putrescine and spernidine biosynthesis, treatment in vivo for 6-8 days reduced chemiluminescence levels in thioglycollate-, lipo-polysaccharide (LPS), and BCG-treated mouse macrophages. An DFMO treatment in vitro inhibited production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in dose-dependent manner, and tumoricidal activity by macrophages. The effect of polyamine depletion by MO on ThF production and tumoricidal activity could be reversed by the addition of exogenous putrescine. These result indicated that the obserbed effect of DFMO on macrophage activities were mediated through inhibition of polyamines are, must be, required for optimal activities of macrophages.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.542-548
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• 2005

In recent years, propolis has attracted much attention as an useful substance in medicine and functional food, even if it is known as a natural remedy in folk medicine since ancient times. propolis was registered as natural food since 1995 on Korean Food Act by Korean Food and Drug Administration(KFDA). The present study demonstrated the optimization of isolation of crude propolis by ethanol, and tumoricidal effect of pro polis. The optimal concentration of ethanol to separate a high quantity of propolis was $60\%$. The cytotoxic effect of ethanol extracted propolis against various cancer cell lines including murine lymphoma (Sarcoma-180), murine T-lymphoma (YAC-1), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), human gastric carcinoma (KATOIII) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A-549) was observed using SRB and MIT assay. In order to investigate the curative activity by oral administration of propolis on tumor, ICR mice was subcutaneously implanted Sarcoma 180. In 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg propolis administered group, development of implanted tumors was inhibited by $40.9\%\;and\;67.9\%$ at 16th day, respectively. In the same dose of propolis administered group, development of implanted tumors was inhibited more strongly with dose dependent manner. Therefore, these data suggested propolis may show tumoricidal effects. In conclusion, these results indicate that propolis, one of the few natural remedies, can be used as functional food with tumoricidal effects.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.280.1-280
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• 2000

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