• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.1211-1219
• /
• 2015

In a hidden Markov model-based speech synthesis system using a two-band excitation model, a maximum voiced frequency (MVF) is the most important feature as an excitation parameter because the synthetic speech quality depends on the MVF. This paper proposes an enhanced MVF estimation scheme based on a peak picking method. In the proposed scheme, both local peaks and peak lobes are picked from the spectrum of a linear predictive residual signal. The average of the normalized distances of local peaks and peak lobes is calculated and utilized as a feature to estimate an MVF. Experimental results of both objective and subjective tests show that the proposed scheme improves the synthetic speech quality compared with that of a conventional one in a mobile device as well as a PC environment.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.457-459
• /
• 2009

The optimum maximum voiced frequency (MVF) estimation-based two-band excitation for hidden Markov model-based speech synthesis is presented. An analysis-by-synthesis scheme is adopted for the MVF estimation which leads to the minimum spectral distortion of synthesized speech. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves synthetic speech quality.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.510-521
• /
• 2002

다중대역 여기부호화 (MBE: multi-band excitation) 음성 부호화기는 고조파 대역별로 유/무성음 판단을 수행함으로써 한 프레임 내에서 유성음과 무성음이 혼합되는 경우를 잘 모델링할 수 있다. 하지만 같은 주파수 대역에서는 유성음 성분과 무성음 성분이 공존할 수 없다. 또한 유/무성음 판단 과정에서 경험에 의한 임계치와의 비교 과정이 필요하므로 원음 스펙트럼과 합성음 스펙트럼간의 오류가 큰 경우가 발생하는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 모든 주파수 영역에서 유성음 성분과 무성음 성분이 혼합되는 것을 허용하는 혼합다중대역 여기 부호화 (MMBE: mixed multi-band excitation) 음성 모델을 제안하고, 모델 파라미터인 주파수 영역 혼합함수를 임계치와의 비교없이 효과적으로 추정할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 제안한 음성 모델을 적용한 2.6 kbps 음성 부호화기를 구현해 본 결과, 2.9 kbps의 전송률을 갖는 MBE음성 부호화기에 비해서 낮은 전송률에서도 더 우수한 합성음 음질을 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.50-52
• /
• 1986

The emission spectra of RbCl: $Rb^{2+}$ excited in the A-absorption band at various temperatures are reported and the excitation spectra are also investigated. The relaxed excited states able to explain the two A-emission bands are proposed.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.143-148
• /
• 2016

$CaAl_2O_4:RE^{3+}$(RE = Tb or Dy) phosphor powders were synthesized with different contents of activator ions $Tb^{3+}$ and $Dy^{3+}$ by using the solid-state reaction method. The effects of the content of activator ions on the crystal structure, morphology, and emission and excitation properties of the resulting phosphor particles were investigated. XRD patterns showed that all the synthesized phosphors had a monoclinic system with a main (220) diffraction peak, irrespective of the content and type of $Tb^{3+}$ and $Dy^{3+}$ ions. For the $Tb^{3+}$-doped $CaAl_2O_4$ phosphor powders, the excitation spectra consisted of one broad band centered at 271 nm in the range of 220-320 nm and several weak peaks; the main emission band showed a strong green band at 552 nm that originated from the $^5D_4{\rightarrow}^7F_5$ transition of $Tb^{3+}$ ions. For the $Dy^{3+}$-doped $CaAl_2O_4$ phosphor, the emission spectra under ultraviolet excitation at 298 nm exhibited one strong yellow band centered at 581 nm and two weak bands at 488 and 672 nm. Concentration-dependent quenching was observed at 0.05 mol of $Tb^{3+}$ and $Dy^{3+}$ contents in the $CaAl_2O_4$ host lattice.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2016

Purpose: To develop a technique for quantifying the $^{13}C$-metabolites by performing frequency-selective hyperpolarized $^{13}C$ magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in vitro which combines simple spectrally-selective excitation with spectrally interleaved acquisition. Methods: Numerical simulations were performed with varying noise level and $K_p$ values to compare the quantification accuracies of the proposed and the conventional methods. For in vitro experiments, a spectrally-selective excitation scheme was enabled by narrow-band radiofrequency (RF) excitation pulse implemented into a free-induction decay chemical shift imaging (FIDCSI) sequence. Experiments with LDH / NADH enzyme mixture were performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed acquisition method. Also, a modified two-site exchange model was formulated for metabolism kinetics quantification with the proposed method. Results: From the simulation results, significant increase of the lactate peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) was observed. Also, the quantified $K_p$ value from the dynamic curves were more accurate in the case of the proposed acquisition method compared to the conventional non-selective excitation scheme. In vitro experiment results were in good agreement with the simulation results, also displaying increased PSNR for lactate. Fitting results using the modified two-site exchange model also showed expected results in agreement with the simulations. Conclusion: A method for accurate quantification of hyperpolarized pyruvate and the downstream product focused on in vitro experiment was described. By using a narrow-band RF excitation pulse with alternating acquisition, different resonances were selectively excited with a different flip angle for increased PSNR while the hyperpolarized magnetization of the substrate can be minimally perturbed with a low flip angle. Baseline signals from neighboring resonances can be effectively suppressed to accurately quantify the metabolism kinetics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제21권8호
• /
• pp.769-773
• /
• 2000

The dependence of photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence itation (PLE) on preparation condi-tions and the aging of porous silicon carbide (PSC) have been investigatted. The fiber size of the material pre-pared under dark-current mode, labele d DCM, was larger than that of the photoassisted (PA)process.The intensity of the PL spectrum for the PA condition was higher than that of the DCM condition. The PA condition giving small fiber size exhibited amore prominent high-energy component but the emission bands of both con-ditionsobserved were rather similar. The origin of the PL may have played an importantrole in the surface defect center introduced by the reaction conditions ofHFatthe surface of the silicon carbide. Selective excita-tion of the PL bandsusingdifferent excitation wavelengths has been used to identify distinct componentswith-in the PL bandwidth. Two main PL bands with peak wavelength of494 and534 nm were clearly resolved. On the other hand, selectivc emission of the PLEbands using different emission wavelengths has been used to identify distinct components within the PLE bandwidth. The higher energy band with peak wavelength of 338 nm and the lower energy bands involving 390,451 and 500 nm were clearly resolved. According to the pro-ionged aging in air, PL spectra appearedasone band, This emission probably originated from states localized to the band-to-band recombination due to the oxidation on the crystallite surface.

• 전자공학회논문지A
• /
• 제29A권11호
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 1992

In this paper a band-pass filter using dielectric resonators with tuning screw and spacer at Ku-band is designed and constructed. For the filter design and construction, the coupling coefficient K between two resonators is numberically evaluated. The external quality factor Q$_{ex}$ is also calculated with a microstrip line which is necessary for the field excitation of dielectric resonator. The coupling between dielectric resonator and microstrip line depends mainly upon the magnetic field and is principal parameter in band-pass filter. The Q$_{ex}$ and K data which are evaluated by numberical analysis are practically applied to the filter construction. The theoretical Band-pass filter responses are given by Chebyshev approximation and they are nearly similar to the experimental results.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2021

NaNbO₃:Eu³⁺ phosphor thin films were grown on quartz substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering at a growth temperature of 100 ℃, with subsequent annealing at temperatures of 800, 900, and 1000 ℃. The effects of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the thin films were investigated. The NaNbO₃:Eu³⁺ sputtering target was synthesized by a solid-state reaction of raw materials Na₂CO₃, Nb₂O₅, and Eu₂O₃. The X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited that the thin films had two mixed phases of NaNbO₃ and Eu₂O₃. Surface morphologies were investigated by using field emission-scanning electron microscopy and indicated that the grains of the thin film annealed at 1000 ℃ showed irregular shapes with an average size of approximately 300 nm. The excitation spectra of Eu³⁺-doped NaNbO₃ thin film consisted of a strong charge transfer band centered at 304 nm in the range of 240-350 nm and two weak peaks at 395 and 462 nm, respectively, resulting from the ⁷F₀→⁵L₆ and ⁷F₀→⁵H₂ transitions of Eu³⁺ ions. The emission spectra under excitation at 304 nm exhibited an intense red band centered at 614 nm and two weak bands at 592 and 681 nm. As the annealing temperature increased from 800 ℃ to 1000 ℃, the intensities of all the emission bands and the band gap energies gradually increased. These results indicate that the higher annealing temperature enhance the luminescent properties of NaNbO₃:Eu³⁺ thin films.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2000

The response statistics of a hinged-clamped beam under broad-band random excitation is investigated. The random excitation is applied at the nodal point of the second mode. By using Galerkin's method the governing equation is reduced to a system of nonautonomous nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A method based upon the Markov vector approach is used to generate a general first-order differential equation in the dynamic moment of response coordinates. By means of the Gaussian and non-Gaussian closure methods the dynamic moment equations for the random responses of the system are reduced to a system of autonomous ordinary differential equations. The case of two mode interaction is considered in order to compare it with the case of three mode interaction. The analytical results for two and three mode interactions are also compared with results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.