• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.84-87
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• 1984

1. Effect of bretylium on the pressor response of the whole and spinal rabbits to tyramine was observed in conditions of monoamine oxidase inhibition brought about by catron administration. 2. Bretylium increased the prossor response to tyramine in the whole and spinal rabbits. 3. Bretylium failed to increase the tyramine effect if bretylium was given after administration of catron, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Actually the tyramine effect was decreased by bretylium in this situation. 4. The increase of the tyramine effect by bretylium will be due to its monoamine oxidase inhibitory property, and the decrease of the tyramine effect will be due to its adrenergic neurone b1coking property.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 1997

Substituted cinnamoyl-tyramine derivatives were synthesized by DCC-coupling of substituted cinnamic acid with tyramine or tyramine methyl-1-ether to evaluate PAF-receptor binding antagonistic activities and inhibitory activities on PAF-induced platelet aggregation with interest on structure-activity relations. The results show that 3,4-dimethoxy-cinnamoyl tyramine-amide or its methyl ether have significant PAF-receptor binding antagonistic activity and platelet anti-aggregatory activities.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 1990

Methylene Blue (MeB) and gentian violet $(10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-4}\;M)$ produced contractions in isolated thoracic aortic preparations of rabbits in a dose-dependent fashion, while other dyes, evans blue and eosine yellowish, did not affect the basal tension in the same range of doses. Porcine mesenteric arterial rings also responded to MeB with dose-dependent contractions. Single dose of $10^{-4}$ M MeB produced a biphasic response: contraction followed by relaxation. The contraction developed slowly within $2{\sim}4$ min and peaked in about 20 minutes and then slowly relaxed to the basal level. Tyramine $(10^{-4}\;M)$ also induced contraction but it developed faster and was more persistent than that of MeB. While the tyramine-induced tension was reproducible, the MeB-induced one wat not reiterable until 3 to 5 hours after washing out the MeB. Adding $10^{-4}$ M MeB further potentiated the contraction induced by $10^{-4}$ M tyramine. However, the MeB contraction was not affected by further addition or tyramine. Both tyramine- and MeB-induced tensions were abolished or significantly inhibited by pretreatment with various drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system. The tyramine-induced tension was more sensitive to guanethidine and 6-hydroxydopamine than the MeB-induced tension, while the latter was more sensitive to $Ca^{2+}-free$ PSS and reserpine. But they have similar sensitivity to prazosin. The MeB-induced tension was significantly inhibited but not abolished by 6-hydroxydopamine pretreatment. However, either tyramine or 6-hydroxydopamine could not affect the basal tension of the ring that MeB once had been tested. These results suggest that MeB-induced contractions of rabbit thoracic aorta and porcine mesenteric artery result from a release of endogenous norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings and are dependent in part on extracellular calcium, and that the potency of MeB to release or to deplete norepinephrine is greater than that of either tyramine or 6-hydroxydopamine.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 1993

These experiments were carried out to investigate whether the enzyme is involved in zona hardening during normal activatin of the oocytes by sperm, and demonstrate peroxidase activity during in vitro fertilization of oocytes treated with peroxidase inhibitors(250 $\mu$M phenylhydrazine, 28mM sodium sulfite, 350mM glycine ethyl ester and 50mM sodium azide) and tyrosine analogue(12.5mM tyramine). Also, zona soluble properties of the ovarian oocytes incubated for 0, 5, 10 and 15 hr in the presence of pheylhydrazine or tyramine were studied by using $\alpha$-chymotrypsin. The results obtained from these experiments were summarized as follows ; 1. The rates of fertilizatin in control oocytes and oocytes treated with phenylhydrazine or tyramine were 69.8%, 62.3% and 88.2%, respectively. However in vitro fertilization in oocytes treated with three different peroxidase inhibitors, sodium sulfite, glycine ethyl ester and sodium azide, were not induced. The oocytes treated with phenylhydrazine had no significant effect on in vitro fertilization rate as compared to control. However there was a significantly different in fertilization between tyramine treated group and control group(P<0.01). 2. The zona solubility(t50) of control and fertilized oocytes in culture treated with phenylhydrazine or tyramine were 30.7, 26.0 and 16.3 min., respectively. Phenylhydrazine treated group and tyramine treated group had effect on inhibition of zona hardening as compared to control group. These results suggest that ovoperoxidase is involved in zona hardening during normal activation of the oocytes by sperm. 3. t50 of control oocytes and ovarian oocytes treated with phenylhydrazine or tyramine for 5, 10 and 15 hr in vitro were 14.0, 26.2 and 32.0 min., 14.5, 26.9 and 30.2 min., and 14.0, 24.3 and 31.2 min., respectively. These results suggest that zona hardening in ovarian oocytes matured for various times in vitro cannot be inhibited by peroxidase inhibitors and tyrosine analogue, that the spontaneous zona hardening incultured ovarian oocytes is not caused by the secretory products of cortical granules released during the cortical reaction, ovoperoxidase.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.189-190
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• 1971

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 1975

1. Sites of the cardioaccelerating action of nicotine, DMPP, McN-A-343, AHR-602, tyramine, angiotensin and neostigmine were investigated in spinal rabbits. 2. The cardioaccelerating action of the above substances was substantially weak in reserpine-pretreated rabbits. The accelerating action was scarcely observed after propranolol administration. 3. Tetrodotoxin and guanethidine did not affect the cardioacceleration due to nicotine, DMPP, tyramine and isoproterenol, but they markedly weakened that due to McN-A-343, AHR-602, angiotensin and neostigmine. 4. Chlorisondamine blocked the cardioacceleration by nicotine and DMPP; atropine that by McN-A-343 and AHR-602. 5. Appropriate doses of isoproterenol, nicotine, DMPP, McN-A-343, tyramine, angiotensin and neostigmine, when administered into the right auricle, produced almost the same degree of cadia acceleration as when they were given to the right ear vein. AHR-602 did not produce significant cardioacceleration through this route. 6. Nicotine, DMPP and neostigmine when injected into the right auricle produced marked cardioacceleration, whereas they produced little action when injected into the left ventricle. Isoproterenol and tyramine produced more marked effect by the intraauricular route than the intraventricular one. 7. McN-A-343, AHR-602 and angiotensin produced more marked cardioacceleration by the intraventricular administration than the intraauricular one. The intraventricular AHR-602 produced marked cardioacceleration. 8. It is inferred that the sites of cardioaccelerating action of nicotine, DMPP, and tyramine will be either the terminals of the adrenergic nerves or the extraneuronal stores of norepinephrine and that of McN-A-343, AHR-602, angiotensin and neostigmine will be the adrenergic neurons in the heart. The sites on which nicotine, DMPP, tyramine and neostigmine will act are chiefly distributed in the auricular tissues and those on which McN-A-343, AHR-602, and angiotensin act chiefly in the ventricular tissues.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.735-738
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• 2003

The methanolic extract of the twigs of Celtis chinensis was found to show inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme that plays a role in the metabolic hydrolysis of ACh. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract resulted in the isolation of N-p-coumaroyl tyramine. as an inhibitor on AChE. This compound inhibited AChE activity in a dose-dependent manner, and the $IC_50$ value of trans-N-p-coumaroyl tyramine was 34.5 $\mu$g/mL (122 $\mu$M).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.25-28
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• 1978

Nonvolatile amines in fermented ordinary Korean soysauce were separated and quantitated. 1. Tyramine and histamine were detected as nonvolatile amines. Both of them were increased during the fermentation in the soysauce prepared with 22.0% of salt concentration but histamine only was increased in the soysauce with 28.5% salt concentration. Rapid increase of histamine was observed after 80days of fermentation. 2. Two unidentified spots in paper chromatogram which were positive to Sakaguchi reagents were detected. 3. The amounts of tyramine and histamine in fermented ordinary Korean soysauce were much lower than those in Japanese style soysauce.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.268-272
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• 2007

A study on the evolution of acid value, peroxide value and biogenic amines in silkworm pupa during 7 days at different temperature of storage (-18, 25 and $35^{\circ}C$) was performed. Seven biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine, spermine and 2-phenylethylamine) were determined. Acid value in Silkworm pupa increased both during normal temperature $(25^{\circ}C)$ and room temperature $(35^{\circ}C)$ and thebiogenic amine (histamine, tyramine) content generally increased in $25^{\circ}C\;and\;35^{\circ}C$ with storage time. Significant differences were found (P<0.05) in the levels of tyramine and histamine among Silkworm pupa. The relationship of storage time and acid value of Silkworm pupa were resolved a simple linear equation, and histamine and tyramine could be predicted using this equation. Quality indices related to the contents of the major biogenic amines were calculated and they correlated well with physicochemical characteristics qualities such as acid value.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

The levels of polyamines were measured to investigate the alternative nitrogen metabolism during maturation and sprouting in rice. The rice plants (cv. Ansanbyeo) were cultivated in 20-year-old non-fertilized field. The flag leaves and spikes were collected weekly after the earing stage and the seeds were harvested daily after lodging. Free, bound, and conjugated polyamines were analyzed using reverse phase HPLC. Putrescine, spermidine, spermine, agmatine and tyramine were the major amines found in rice. The level of stress-induced amine, putrescine increased during the preharvest sprouting confirming that the process was a stress to the plants. With all other polyamines, tyramine in free form decreased in flag leaves and panicles during seed maturation. However, agmatine in bound form showed a noticeable increase about 8-fold during 6 weeks period of maturation after which it declined to the bottom level. Among the individual amines, tyramine and spermine in conjugated form showed a marked change during matutation and sprouting. Interestingly, the level of tyramine with all conjugated polyamine decreased in spikes during seed maturation and increased during preharvest sprouting implying that tyrosine decarboxyation and conjugation to phenolic acids may play a key role in preharvest sprouting. Spermine in conjugated form was synthesized only at the early earing stage in the level of $3.4mole\;g^{-1}$ fresh weight, and then decreased to the level of nmole during maturation. Thereafter, it dramatically increased to 2.8 mole during preharvest sprouting. In this study we found the tyramine is a major amine in rice, and it would play a critical role in N-assimilation during seed maturation and sprouting.