• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

A new method for competent extraction of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linnaeus) colorants by using ultrasonic device was developed. When comparing to general extraction method, the ultrasonic method showed high extraction efficiency of safflower pigments. Ultrasonic method gave a higher extraction yield of red and yellow safflower pigments than using general method. It is supposed that the extraction efficiency is to be attributed to high vibration energies from ultrasound and finally induced physical changes of the pigments. Furthermore, this study explored the effects of ultrasonic treatment into the extracted safflower pigments on dyeing of cotton fabrics. Ultrasonic treatment into the extracted pigments exhibited significantly improved dyeing properties for the cotton fabrics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.2212-2216
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• 2011

An ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction method has been successfully applied to the effective extraction of phenolic compounds from Laminaria japonica Aresch. Three kinds of 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium with different cations and anions were evaluated for extraction efficiency. The results showed that both the characteristics of anions and cations have remarkable effects on the extraction efficiency. In addition, the ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction procedure was also optimized on some extraction parameters, such as ultrasonic power, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio. Compared with the conventional solvent, the optimum approach gained the highest extraction efficiency within the shortest extraction time. Average recoveries of phenolic compounds were from 75.5% to 88.3% at three concentration levels.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.373-377
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• 2009

Safflower seed extract was prepared by a high-pressure extraction technology and its quality characteristics were compared to that of other conventional extraction techniques, such ultrasonic and reflux extractions. Safflower seeds were extracted with 80% aqueous ethanol by three above extraction methods, and further fractionated with Diaion HP-20 column chromatography to obtain a partially purified safflower seed extract (PPSSE). Among the three extraction techniques examined, the reflux extraction showed the higher yields of EtOH extract and PPE than the ultrasonic and high-pressure extractions. Levels of most phenolic compounds in the EtOH extract of safflower seed are higher in reflux and ultrasonic extractions than the high pressure extraction, but levels of two serotonin aglycones, N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS), in PPSSE were higher in the high pressure extraction than the reflux and ultrasonic extractions. In addition, color values (L and a) of the PPSSE were higher in the high-pressure extraction than the reflux and ultrasonic extractions, although there were no significant differences in pH and UV maxima absorption spectra among three extraction techniques. These results indicate that the high-pressure extraction technology is a simple and effective extraction for preparation of a high quality of safflower seed extract containing CS and FS with anti-wrinkle activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.527-534
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• 2021

The demand for sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds from food matrices has been increasing. Water extraction of anthocyanins in aronia was investigated using conventional and ultrasonic-assisted methods. The optimum extraction conditions for the conventional method included a sample-to-water ratio of 1:40 g/mL, extraction temperature 71℃, and extraction time of 39 min. The optimized conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction were a sample-to-water ratio of 1:40 g/mL, extraction temperature 80℃, extraction time of 20 min, and an amplitude of 87.2 ㎛. The anthocyanin contents of the two extracts were 155.32 and 158.02 mg/100 g fresh weight, respectively. The major anthocyanins were cyanidin 3-galactoside (65% of the total) and cyanidin 3-arabinoside (30% of the total). The contents of individual anthocyanins and phenolic acids were not significantly different between the two optimized extracts.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.337-343
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• 2009

This study systematically investigated a method for extraction of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linnaeus) colorants by ultrasonic treatment. Compared to pigments productivity and cell wall structures of safflower after general and ultrasonic method, the ultrasonic method showed high extraction efficiency of safflower pigments due to destruction of safflower cell wall caused by high vibration energies. Microscopic analysis confirmed the hypothesis that the ultrasonic treatment of safflower caused its cell wall structure loosened and made efficient extraction of safflower pigments. And also, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that productivities of the yellow and red safflower pigments by ultrasonic method were 21.9% and 14.6% higher, respectively, than those of pigments extracted by general method. The ultrasonic extracted yellow and red colorants could be used to dye not only natural fibers like cotton, silk and wool, but also synthetic fiber like nylon, and generally gave a better color tone than the general extracted colorants from safflower due to the affinities of red and yellow colorant on different fibers. As the yellow and red colorant were extracted by ultrasonic treatment in water, the K/S value on of 550/440nm of cotton and rayon was increased but in the case of silk and wool the change of this value was almost not detected. Finally, this technique might provide a solution to establish reproducibility and standardization for the extraction and dyeing methods on fabrics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2019

This study was conducted to select the optimal extraction method of codonopsis lanceolata saponin. To investigate the lancemasides content depending on each extraction method, various extractions were performed: reflux (methanol and butanol), hot water, as well as ultrasonic bath (40 kHz; continuous irradiation/interval irradiation) and ultrasonicator (20 kHz) extractions. From the result, the overall lancemasides content were the highest in ultrasonic bath (MeOH; continuous irradiation) extraction, followed by ultrasonic bath (water; continuous irradiation)>ultrasonic bath (MeOH; interval irradiation)>ultrasonicator (MeOH)>hot water>MeOH reflux>BuOH reflux extractions in that order. Sample drying method prior to ultrasonic bath extraction was more effective shade drying than freeze drying. Effective duration and temperature of extraction was 2 hr at $64^{\circ}C$. And ingredient change diverted from aster saponin Hb to lancemasides was identified by extraction condition such as extraction time and temperature.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.106-111
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• 2021

In this study, an ultrasound-assisted micellar extraction process was developed to efficiently purify the anticancer substance paclitaxel from the plant cell Taxus chinensis. The problem of many extraction steps and long phase separation time in the traditional micellar process could be dramatically improved. The highest paclitaxel yield (~96%, extracted twice) was obtained at 180 W of ultrasonic power and 1.5 h of ultrasonic irradiation time, which was 24.7% higher than that of the traditional method. In addition, the partition coefficient (K) showed a maximum value (24.0) at 180 W of ultrasonic power and 1.5 h of irradiation time. There was no significant difference in the purity of paclitaxel, and the purity of initial paclitaxel (6.81%) increased to 22.0% after purification. Compared to the traditional method, the phase separation time of the back extraction decreased by 40.7-56.2% (ultrasonic power 80 W), 46.3-67.6% (ultrasonic power 180 W), and 51.9-67.6% (ultrasonic power 250 W), respectively. The phase separation time decreased as the ultrasonic power (80-250 W) and irradiation time (0.5-2.5 h) increased.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.27 no.B
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• pp.161-167
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• 2007

The objetives of this study are to set up optimum extraction temperature, time and organic solvent for propolis extraction, to investigate chemical properties, and to develop health foods from propolis preparation. In this study, ethanol and ultrasonic extracts method performed to optimum extraction temperature was at 60, $20^{\circ}C$, optimum extraction time was at 12, 4 hours and optimum extraction amount of solvent was at 20, 15 times of propolis weight. When various ethanol solutions were used, whereas flavonoid content was highest in 70, 80% aqueous ethanol, respectively. So the ultrasonic extracts method used gave better results than the ethanol extracts method in this work. Extraction of propolis with etanol and ultrasonic extracts method was performed by using the water and various concentrations of aqueous ethanol as solvent. Sensitivity of propolis samples to Staphylococcus aureus was investigated and the results were shown. Samples of water extract did not inhibit microbial growth, where as 50% aqueous ethanol extract the largest inhibitory zone for Staphylococcus aureus, then decreased inhibition with increasing ethanol concentrations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.167-174
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• 1998

The ultrasonic test is recognized for its significance as a non-destructive testing method to detect volume defects such as porosity and incomplete penetration which reduce strength in the weld zone. This paper illustrates the defect detection in the weld zone of ferritic carbon steel using ultrasonic wave and the evaluation of pattern recognition by chaotic feature extraction using time series signal of detected defects as data. Shown in the time series data were that the time delay was 4 and the embedding dimension was 6 which indicate the geometric dimension of the subject system and the extent of information correlation. Based on fractal dimension and lyapunov exponent in quantitative chaotic feature extraction, feature value of 2.15, 0.47 is presented for porosity and 2.24, 0.51 for incomplete penetration The precision rate of the pattern recognition is enhanced with these values on the total waveform of defect signal in the weld zone. Therefore, we think that the ultrasonic pattern recognition method of weld zone defects of ferritic carbon steel by ultrasonic-chaotic feature extraction proposed in this paper can boost precision rate further than the existing method applying only partial waveform.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.913-918
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• 2013

The applicability of the ultrasonic wave method to the extraction of useful components from seaweeds was investigated. Extracts from freeze-dried Ecklonia cava powder were prepared with hot water ($65^{\circ}C$), water ($24^{\circ}C$), 50% ethanol, and 100% ethanol, and ultrasonic extraction was also performed. The content of phenolic compounds and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extracts were analyzed, and differences in the data obtained by the ultrasonic extraction and the traditional extraction methods were compared. The phenolic content in the E. cava extract by ultrasonic extraction (142.80 mg/g) was approximately 14 times higher than the phenolic content in the hot water extract (10.03 mg/g). The DPPH radical scavenging and the tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the ultrasonic extract were approximately 4 times and 14 times higher than the hot water extracts, respectively. The correlation between the phenolic content and the DPPH radical scavenging activity ($R^2$=99.47) and between the phenolic content and the tyrosinase inhibitory activity ($R^2$=99.99) was very high. These results indicate that ultrasonic extraction is more suitable than traditional extraction for the extraction of useful components from E. cava.