• Title/Summary/Keyword: violation rate

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Expected Damage Analysis of Risk Exposure Object by Violation Rate of Safety Distance in Explosion of Ground Type Magazine (지상형 탄약고 폭발 시 안전거리 위반율에 따른 위험노출대상의 피해 수준 분석 연구)

  • Ham, Tae Yuun;Lee, Jae Joon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.92-100
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    • 2022
  • Of the Korean military's 3,959 ammunition depots, 1,007 - more than 25% - violate safety requirements for distance and equipment. There is a risk of explosion in old depots that are vulnerable to various interior and exterior accidents. This paper examines 10 scenarios, with varying values for ammunition amount and safety distance. The study calculated the overpressure that can be applied to risk-exposure objects, based on the safety distance; expected damage was predicted using constructed spatial information from 3D explosion simulations. The simulations confirmed that explosion overpressure increased the most when the safety distance violation rate increased from 80% to 90%. It also confirmed that secondary damage such as fire and explosion can cause casualties and property damage when the violation rate is 60% or higher. The results show that building collapse becomes a risk with a violation rate of 70% or higher. We conclude that taking ammunition depot safety distance violation into account when planning military facilities and their land utilization could better protect life and property.

A Study on the Detecting Method of Intercept Violation Vehicles Using an Image Detection Techniques (영상검지기법을 활용한 끼어들기 위반차량 검지 방법에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Wan-Ki;Ryu, Boo-Hyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.164-170
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    • 2008
  • This research was verified detection way of intercept vehicles and performance evaluation after system installation using image detector as detection way of ground installation. By image recognition algorithm was on the trace of moving orbit of violation vehicles for detection way of intercept vehicles. When moving orbit is located special site, utilized geometric image calibration and DC-notch filter. These are cognitive system of license plate by making signal. Then, Bright Evidence Detection and Dark Evidence Detection were applied to after mixing. It is applied to way of Backward tracking for detection way of intercept vehicles. After the field evaluation of developed system, it should be analyzed the more high than recognition rate of minimum standards 80%. It should rise in the estimation of the site applicability is highly from now.

Tendency of Residual Pesticides in Commercial Agricultural Products in Gyeongsangbuk-Do Area (the year 2004~2008) (경상북도 내 유통 농산물 중의 잔류농약 동향 (2004~2008년))

  • Yang, S.T.;Son, J.C.;Jung, K.H.;Lee, C.I.;Kim, M.J.;Park, H.S.;Cha, Chun-Geun
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.338-347
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    • 2009
  • The content of residual pesticides in commercial agricultural products in Gyeongsangbuk-Do area was investigated for 5 years extending the year 2004 through 2008. The detection rates of residual pesticides in agricultural products by year were similar in range of 11.6~16.4%. But the violation rates showed lower values in the last years from 4.5% of the year 2004 to 0% of the year 2007. The highest residual concentration of each pesticide detected in commercial agricultural products was investigated by year. That is, in the year 2004 and 2005, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, endosulfan, ethoprophos, fenarimol and procymidone were detected over the tolerance in kale, parsley, celery, chard and lettuce, and in the year 2006, permethrin in the soybean and peanut. The detection rate and violation rate of pesticides were highly increased in the order of the endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, procymidone, chlorfenapyr, fenitrothion, imazalil, isoprothiolane, methidathion and permethrin. The detection rate and violation rate of pesticides were increased after August every year.

The Use of Pedicle Screw-Rod System for the Posterior Fixation in Cervico-Thoracic Junction

  • Cho, Won-ik;Eid, Ahmed Shawky;Chang, Ung-Kyu
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2010
  • Objective : In cervico-thoracic junction (CTJ), the use of strong fixation device such as pedicle screw-rod system is often required. Purpose of this study is to analyze the anatomical features of C7 and T1 pedicles related to screw insertion and to evaluate the safety of pedicle screw insertion at these levels. Methods : Nineteen patients underwent posterior CTJ fixation with C7 and/or T1 included in fixation levels. Seventeen patients had tumorous conditions and two with post-laminectomy kyphosis. The anatomical features were analyzed for C7 and T1 pedicles in 19 patients using computerized tomography (CT). Pedicle screw and rod fixation system was used in 16 patients. Pedicle violation by screws was evaluated with postoperative CT scan. Results : The mean values of the width, height, stable depth, safety angle, transverse angle, and sagittal angle of C7 pedicles were $6.9{\pm}1.34\;mm$, $8.23{\pm}1.18\;mm$, $30.93{\pm}4.65\;mm$, $26.42{\pm}7.91$ degrees, $25.9{\pm}4.83$ degrees, and $10.6{\pm}3.39$ degrees. At T1 pedicles, anatomic parameters were similar to those of C7. The pedicle violation revealed that 64.1% showed grade I violation and 35.9% showed grade II violation, overall. As for C7 pedicle screw insertion, grade I was 61.5% and grade II 38.5%. At T1 level, grade I was 65.0% and grade II 35.0%. There was no significant difference in violation rate between the whole group, C7, and T1 group. Conclusion : C7 pedicles can withstand pedicle screw insertion. C7 pedicle and T1 pedicle are anatomically very similar. With the use of adequate fluoroscopic oblique view, pedicle screw can be safely inserted at C7 and T1 levels.

Legal Violation of The Chemical Substances Control Act by Hazardous Chemical Business Operators in Ulsan Industrial Areas (울산지역 유해화학물질 영업자의 화학물질관리법 위반 현황과 내용)

  • Jihoon Park;Hye-Ok Kwon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.60-69
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: Business operators handling hazardous chemicals regulated under the Chemical Substances Control Act (CSCA) must receive permits to operate their business from the Ministry of Environment. This study analyzed the status of recent legal violation in chemical handling workplaces in Ulsan where a large volume of chemicals is handled for industrial use. Methods: A total of 557 corporations have been granted legal status as business operators in Ulsan. For all business operators, legal violations in regard to the CSCA that were discovered by the environmental office in the last five years (2018~2022) were thoroughly analyzed. Results: A total of 225 violations of the CSCA have been discovered at 165 corporations, with the violation rate accounting for approximately 27% of all business operators. In particular, 22% of the 165 violators (36 corporations) were discovered to have violated twice or more, and some business operators (6%) even violated in consecutive years. Non-compliance of facility inspection was the most frequent violation (45 cases, 20.1%), followed by non-reporting of important changes in the permitted matters (23 cases, 10.3%), non-completion of legal safety education (19 cases, 8.5%), failure to secure permission for modification in the permitted matters (18 cases, 8.0%), and failure to submit chemical transport plans (16 cases, 7.1%). Conclusions: Most of the violations could have been prevented if the field personnel had paid sufficient attention. Thus, it is fundamentally necessary to create an environment for spontaneous safety management for themselves and to strengthen individual capabilities.

Directions in Development of Enforcement System for Moving Violation in Intersection (무인교통단속장비를 이용한 교차로 꼬리물기 단속 가능성 연구)

  • Lee, Ho-Won;Hyun, Cheol-Seung;Joo, Doo-Hwan;Kim, Dong-Hyo;Lee, Choul-Ki;Park, Dae-Hyun
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.32-39
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    • 2011
  • Even if the traffic light is green, if vehicles enter a jammed intersection, they are violation of the law. The police is enforcing law as a part of a nation wide campaign. Because, using the camcorder, the police can not do enforcement the offending vehicle, there are other techniques. Our research group proposed automated photographic equipment enable to enforce moving violation in intersection. Using new license plate recognition technology and backtracking technology to trace the offending vehicle, once the system detects a violator, it records 8 wide pictures and 1picture from the front vehicle, showing it enter and proceed through the intersection. Field experimental results obtained in the system, the following conclusions. The three measures of effectiveness investigated were recognition rate 83.5, mis-match recognition rate 1.5%.

Large-Scale Joint Rate and Power Allocation Algorithm Combined with Admission Control in Cognitive Radio Networks

  • Shin, Woo-Jin;Park, Kyoung-Youp;Kim, Dong-In;Kwon, Jang-Woo
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.157-165
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, we investigate a dynamic spectrum sharing problem for the centralized uplink cognitive radio networks using orthogonal frequency division multiple access. We formulate a large-scale joint rate and power allocation as an optimization problem under quality of service constraint for secondary users and interference constraint for primary users. We also suggest admission control to nd a feasible solution to the optimization problem. To implement the resource allocation on a large-scale, we introduce a notion of using the conservative factors $\alpha$ and $\beta$ depending on the outage and violation probabilities. Since estimating instantaneous channel gains is costly and requires high complexity, the proposed algorithm pursues a practical and implementation-friendly resource allocation. Simulation results demonstrate that the large-scale joint rate and power allocation incurs a slight loss in system throughput over the instantaneous one, but it achieves lower complexity with less sensitivity to variations in shadowing statistics.

A Study on Introduction to the Highway Lane Usage Violation Enforcement System (고속도로 차로통행방법 위반단속체계 구상)

  • Lee, Ki-Young;Lee, Don-Ju;Chang, Myung-Soon;Kim, Tae-Ho
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.42-51
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    • 2009
  • Korean government is managing a system that appoints various type of cars into lanes based on the number of lanes. The institution has been abolished and enacted time and again. This paper analyzes ten sections of express way to clarify the efficiencies of the system. The result shows that violation rate and the number of accident have a positive correlation. This paper suggests regulation of violating cars and controlment by perceiving car registration number for efficient operation of the institution.

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Energy constraint control in numerical simulation of constrained dynamic system

  • 윤석준
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 1991.10a
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    • pp.376-382
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    • 1991
  • In the analysis of constrained holonomic systems, the Lagange multiplier method yields a system of second-order ordinary differential equations of motion and algebraic constraint equations. Conventional holonomic or nonholonomic constraints are defined as geometric constraints in this paper. Previous works concentrate on the geometric constraints. However, if the total energy of a dynamic system can be computed from the initial energy plus the time integral of the energy input rate due to external or internal forces, then the total energy can be artificially treated as a constraint. The violation of the total energy constraint due to numerical errors can be used as information to control these errors. It is a necessary condition for accurate simulation that both geometric and energy constraints be satisfied. When geometric constraint control is combined with energy constraint control, numerical simulation of a constrained dynamic system becomes more accurate. A new convenient and effective method to implement energy constraint control in numerical simulation is developed based on the geometric interpretation of the relation between constraints in the phase space. Several combinations of energy constraint control with either Baumgarte's Constraint Violation Stabilization Method (CVSM) are also addressed.

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A Study on the Countermeasures Taken By the Korean Healthcare and Life Sciences Industry Regarding U.S. Import Refusals: Focus on the Analysis of FDA Violation Codes (한국 바이오헬스 산업의 미국 수입거부 대응 방안 연구 : FDA 위반코드 분석을 중심으로)

  • Yu-Han Lee;Hag-Min Kim
    • Korea Trade Review
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.131-150
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    • 2023
  • The purpose of this study was to find a countermeasure to the U.S. import refusals for the Korean healthcare and life sciences industry. To this end, an analysis of trends during the pandemic was conducted using the KITA Border Rejection Database, which includes information on items and types of import refusals. The reason for rejection was also analyzed according to the FDA violation codes. The degree of countermeasure for import refusals was identified by measuring the unit rejection rate (URR). The results of the analysis showed that the major U.S. import refusals for the Korean healthcare and life sciences industry had expanded from contact lenses to COVID-19 diagnostic kits and drugs after the pandemic broke out. The major reasons for import refusals were non-compliance with the Predicate Device and Drugs Act and non-approval by the FDA for products and facilities. On the other hand, the unit rejection rate (URR) of major items in the Korean healthcare and life sciences industry was measured higher than the industry average. The results therefore showed a low level of response to U.S. import refusals. The results of the analysis of reasons for import refusals by item according to FDA violation codes were as follows. First of all, the main violation for contact lenses and COVID-19 diagnostic kits corresponded to misbranding. This was often due to the fact that Korean companies did not provide the relevant notices and information required by the FDA. Many cases also failed to demonstrate a substantial equivalency compared to predicate devices already on the market. On the other hand, applications for new unapproved drugs were not accepted as they had yet to pass relevant regulations that would prove their safety and efficacy. In conclusion, import refusals for the Korean healthcare and life sciences industry were found to be closely related to technical barriers to trade (TBT).