• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.981-991
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• 2023

Monkeypox (Mpox) virus, a member of the Poxviridae family, causes a severe illness similar to smallpox, which is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, rash, and pustules. Human-to-human transmission cases have been reported but remained low since the first recorded case of human infection occurred in the Congo in 1970. Recently, Mpox has re-emerged, leading to an alarming surge in infections worldwide since 2022, originating in the United Kingdom. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the '2022-23 Mpox outbreak'. Currently, no specific therapy or vaccine is available for Mpox. Therefore, patients infected with Mpox are treated using conventional therapies developed for smallpox. However, the vaccines developed for smallpox have demonstrated only partial efficacy against Mpox, allowing viral transmission among humans. In this review, we discuss the current epidemiology of the ongoing Mpox outbreak and provide an update on the progress made in diagnosis, treatment, and development of vaccines for Mpox.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.255-261
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• 1993

For a immunohistochemical diagnosis of the frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues against rabies virus, mice were intracerebrally inoculated with challege virus standard(CVS) rabies virus and then were used to detect the rabies viral antigen by the immunoperoxidase(IP) and the avidin-biotin complex(ABC) method. In this study, the results confirmed that ABC and IP methods, although the former showed more specific and sensitive than the latter, were reliable and effective for the demonstration of rabies virus in both frozen and paraffin-embedded brain tissues prepared from rabies-infected mice. Additionally, IP technique using the monoclonal antibody against rabies virus could be recommended as a standard diagnostic tool instead of the present immunofluorescent method for the local veterinary services in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 1998

The present study attempted to apply polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to develop a rapid differential diagnosis among Marek's disease, reticuloendotheliosis and avian leukosis. The primers chosen to detect Marek's disease virus (MDV) flank the 132bp tandem direct repeat of the MDV genome. The primers selected for reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) and avian leukosis virus (ALV) are based on proviral long terminal repeats of spleen necrosis virus and Rous-associated virus-2 genomes, respectively. The specific PCR products of MDV, REV and ALV were observed with each primer and the reaction was not cross-reacted among the viruses. MDV-specific DNA was also amplified from the MDV-induced lymphoma (MDCC-MSB1) but not from the REV-induced tumor and ALV-induced lymphoma (LSCC-1104B1). In addition, proviral DNA of REV from REV-induced tumor and proviral DNA of ALV from ALV-induced lymphoma were also amplified by REV-specific and ALV-specific PCRs, respectively. Therefore these three PCR methods may be used to rapidly differentiate among MDV, REV and ALV-associated tumors in diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2005

African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs for which there is no vaccine in the world. A proper surveillance of viral activity and a timely response to ASF outbreaks depend upon the rapid diagnosis of ASF viral infection. Internationally prescribed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a fast, sensitive test routinely used in the diagnosis of the ASF. However, inactivated whole ASF virus antigen used in this test is a tedious to prepare and has a risk of outside exposure of infectious virus by laboratory accident during the preparation. An ASF virus noninfectious recombinant antigen is a safe and easily produced alternative antigen for use in diagnostic assay. We have cloned the ORF O61R gene of the ASF virus to generate a recombinant baculovirus producing the p12 protein in insect cells under control of the polyhedrin promoter as non-fusion protein. When used in an indirect ELISA, the p12 antigen showed reactivity with all known ASF positive pig sera but not with negative pig sera. Our results indicated that the p12 protein would be one of alternative antigens for diagnosis of the ASF.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.170-178
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• 2020

Most strawberry viruses exist relatively low titers in tissues, and strawberry tissues include high levels of contamination by polysaccharides and phenolic compounds. These traits make the efficiency of strawberry diagnosis difficult. In this study, we tested different commercially available kits and reagents to secure optimal RNA extraction methods to determine virus detection from strawberry leaves. Total RNA was isolated from leaves of strawberry mottle virus (SMoV)-infected strawberry cultivar 'Mihong'. The efficiency of total RNA for virus diagnosis was confirmed through SMoV detection by one-step or two-step reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Among those, the RNeasy plant RNA kit was best to isolate RNA and the isolated RNA was good enough for further applications. To ensure a reliable detection for strawberry viruses, synthetic diagnosis clones for major seven strawberry viruses such as strawberry mild yellow edge virus, SMoV, strawberry latent ring spot virus, strawberry crinkle virus, strawberry pallidosis associated virus, strawberry vein banding virus and strawberry necrotic spot virus have been constructed. Based on the synthetic genes in each clone, primer sets for seven strawberry viruses were designed and tested an RT-PCR condition through a simultaneous application of the same annealing temperature that allowed to achieve an efficient and convenient diagnosis.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2013

Infection-induced acute hepatitis complicated with acute pancreatitis is associated with hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus or hepatitis E virus. Although rare, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection should be considered also in the differential diagnosis if the patient has acute hepatitis combined with pancreatitis. We report a case of EBV infection with cholestatic hepatitis and pancreatitis with review of literature. An 11-year-old female was admitted due to 1-day history of abdominal pain and vomiting without any clinical symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. Diagnosis of reactivated EBV infection was made by the positive result of viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM, VCA IgG, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen and heterophile antibody test. We performed serologic tests and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography to exclude other viral or bacterial infection, autoimmune disorder, and structural problems. The patient's symptoms recovered rapidly and blood chemistry returned to normal with conservative treatment similar to previously reported cases.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.509-514
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• 2020

Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) seriously damages citrus production by reducing the quality and yield of fruit. To avoid contamination with SDV, mother trees are checked to be SDV-free in advance of nursery tree distribution. In this study, we compared an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) kit with double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for large-scale diagnosis of SDV in orchardgrown trees in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The two methods gave conflicting results for 11 of 1,705 samples, all of which were negative by DAS-ELISA but positive by ICA. The samples scored as positive by either DAS-ELISA or ICA were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and all were confirmed to be positive. These results validate the use of ICA as a screening method for large-scale diagnosis. Strain discrimination revealed that 16 of 22 isolates belonged to SDV, while citrus mosaic virus (CiMV) infection only and co-infection (SDV and CiMV) were in a minority.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.164-168
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• 2001

Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) are closely related viruses. Since the two viruses produce identical symptoms on maize, barley, and wheat, diagnosis of infected plants is difficult. Previously, we reported that partial cDNA clones of RBSDV S5 and S6 from the Japanese isolate (RBSDV-H) have lower sequence homology to MRDV than do cDNA clones from other genomic segments. In order to test whether cDNA clones of RBSDV-H S5 and S6 can be used for molecular diagnosis, RBSDV field isolates from Korea and from Hokkaido, Japan were tested in dot blot hybridizations probed with RBSDV-H S5 and S6 cDNA colnes. Hybridization with these probes was more intense against the RBSDV genome than against the MRDV genome. Therefore, RBSDV-H S5 and S6 cDNA clones can be used to differentiate between the two viruses. Furthermore, RBSDV-H S5 and S6 clones reacted more strongly against the viruses from stunted maize plants from Korean fields than to MRDV, indicating that RBSDV may be the causal disease agent in maize plants in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2015

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. This study was conducted to clarify the molecular characteristics of BLVs obtained from a specific region in Korea. Proviral BLVs were detected in anti-BLV antibody-positive blood samples by PCR. Env and gag fragments were sequenced and compared to previously published reference sequences. Analysis of the env gene sequence revealed that the YI strain was highly similar to genotype 1, including United States and Japanese strains. The gag gene sequence had the highest degree of similarity with a Japanese strain.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to establish early diagnosis for bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease(BVD-MD) Two Holstein among 22 breeding cows were shown ulcer in the mouth and watery diarrhea. Diarrheal feces and ulcerous lesion of the mouth from 2 cows were sampled for detection of viral antigen. BVD virus was isolated by inoculation of the samples to MDBK cells, and the cytopathic effects were observed in cultured MDBK cells which inoculated with virus isolates from the feces. Viral antigens were detected in the feces and ulceruous lesion by immunogold staining. The serum neutralization titers were shown 1 : 64 or greater in 8 blood samples by using BVD virus (NADL strain). By the RT-PCR, using reverse primer 5'-ACTCCATGTGCCATGTACAG-3', forward primer 5'-ACTCCATGTGCCATGTACAG-3', 285 base pair band specific to BVD virus was detected. In conclusions, the results of above tests which executed using the diarrheal feces and ulcerous lesion of the mouth and the isolates were conformed as BVD virus.