• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.30-47
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• 2001

This research was performed to develope a stable direct seeding method in rice cultivation using by a direct seeder with soil application. A principle of this methodology was introduced from seeding nursery system of machine transplanting enable to increase high seeding establishment direct seeding method with soil application was high of 89-95% while that of water seeding was 68%. During seeding growth plant height was ralatively small but seeding health was high. A total soil consumption of this methodology was 145kg/10a in dirll seeding and 26kg/10a in hill seeding respectively, there was 100% erected in direct seeding with soil application while water seeding was 45% in erected seeding stand. In direct seeding method with soil application total carbohydrate content was higher than that of water seeding. This machine was manufactured to attach and/or detach to a machine transplanter with riding type and machine cultivator with multipurpose. In the farmer's demonstrated rice field this method was well performed like machine transplanting in terms of rice growth and development. There was highly cost reduction for rice production like other direct seeding methods.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2017

벼 직파재배 유형별(철분 무논점파, 복토 무논점파, 철분 담수산파, 기계이앙-대조구) 생육 및 수량 비교를 위한 포장시험 결과는 다음과 같았다. ① 벼 직파재배 유형별 출아일수는 8~9일 소요되었으며, m²당 입모수는 철분 무논점파>복토 무논점파>철분 담수산파>관행 담수산파 순으로 많았다. 결주율은 복토 무논점파 2.7%, 철분 무논점파 2.0%로 비교적 낮게 나타났다. ② 주요 벼 생육시기별 초장 생육은 무논점파법이 담수산파에 비하여 생육초기 초장이 다소 높게 경과되었으나 파종 후 75일에는 관행 담수산파를 제외한 벼 재배방법에서 통계적 유의성 차이가 인정되지 않았다. ③ 벼 경수 생육은 철분 담수산파에서 가장 높게 경과되었으며 철분 무논점파, 관행 담수산파, 복토 무논점파, 기계이앙 순이었다. ④ 벼 수량구성요소에서 m²당 수수는 철분 담수산파>철분 무논점파>관행 담수산파>복토 무논점파>기계이앙 순으로 많게 나타났다. ⑤ 벼 직파재배 유형별 쌀 수량은 철분 담수산파 640kg/10a, 철분 무논점파 619kg/10a, 기계이앙 601kg/10a, 관행 담수산파 599kg/10a, 복토 무논점파 544kg/10a 순으로 높게 나타났다. ⑥ 현미품위는 완전립 비율이 복토 무논점파 65.8%, 철분 담수산파 65.4%, 철분 무논점파 62.7%, 기계이앙 62.3%, 관행 담수산파 62.2% 순으로 높았다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.5-18
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• 2018

벼 직파재배 유형(담수산파, 무논점파) 및 사용 종자별 생육특성 및 수량 비교 시험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. ① 출아일수는 9~11일이 소요되었고, 싹튼 볍씨 사용이 철분코팅볍씨 사용 직파보다 1~2일이 빨랐으며, m²당 입모 수는 103~147개로 담수산파의 철분코팅볍씨 사용에서 가장 많았으나, 벼 직파방법 간에 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 결주율(무논점파)은 2.7~3.7%이었다. ② 초장생육에서 직파는 기계이앙 보다는 짧았고, 벼 직파방법 간에는 담수산파가 무논점파보다 파종 후 60일까지는 길었으나, 파종 후 75일 이후는 비슷하였다. 사용 종자 간에는 철분코팅볍씨 사용이 싹튼 볍씨 사용보다 길었고, 담수산파에서는 통계적 유의성도 있었다. ③ m²당 경수는 6월 17일(파종후 30일)에는 기계이앙이, 파종 후 45일과 60일에는 담수산파의 철분코팅볍씨 사용에서 가장 많았고, 파종 후 75일과 90일 m²당 경수는 352~405개로 벼 재배방법 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. ④ 출수기는 직파에서 8월 21~23일로 기계이앙(8월 13일)보다는 8~10일이 늦었고, 직파방법 간에는 차이가 없었으나, 사용종자 간에는 철분코팅 볍씨 사용이 싹튼 볍씨 사용보다 2일이 빨랐다. ⑤ 성숙기 벼 생육특성에서 간장은 기계이앙(72.4cm)보다 철분코팅볍씨 사용 담수산파 및 무논점파는 통계적으로 각각 유의하게 길고 짧았으며, 수장은 무논점파의 싹튼 볍씨 사용(24.3cm)에서 가장 길었고, 담수산파 및 기계이앙과 통계적 유의성이 있었다. 벼 직파방법별 사용종자 간에는 수장은 별 차이가 없었다. m²당 수수는 357~407개로 담수산파의 철분코팅볍씨 사용에서 가장 많았으나 벼 재배방법별로 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 수당입수는 102~106개로 거의 같았다. ⑥ 수량구성요소는 m²당 입수는 37,105~42,450개, 현미천립중은 21.9~22.8g으로 담수산파의 철분코팅볍씨 사용에서 가장 많았고 무거웠다. 등숙비율은 77.6~86.3%으로 무논점파의 철분코팅볍씨 사용에서 가장 높았으나, 수량구성요소 모두 벼 재배방법 간에 통계적 유의성은 없었다. ⑦ 쌀 수량은 10a당 568~686kg으로 담수산파의 철분코팅 볍씨 사용(686kg/10a)에서 가장 높았으며 기계이앙 및 그 외 직파방법과 통계적 유의성도 있었다. 그 외 직파방법은 기계이앙(568kg/10a) 대비 3~7% 높았으나, 통계적 유의성은 없었다. ⑧ 잎도열병은 벼 생육초기 기계이앙과 담수산파에서 약간 발병하였고, 잎집무늬마름병과 이삭누룩병은 기계이앙>무논점파≥담수산파 순으로 심하였다. ⑨ 잡초는 담수산파의 싹튼 볍씨 사용에서 발생이 심했고, 8월 16일 이후는 벼 재배방법 다같이 후발피가 발생하였다. 잡초성벼는 기계이앙은 발생되지 않았으나, 싹튼 볍씨 사용 직파는 0.6~0.7%, 철분코팅볍씨 사용 직파는 0.1%정도 발생하였다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제18권
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• pp.33-42
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• 2000

A field case study was performed to investigate the effect of shallow ponding in paddy field on irrigation water requirement of direct seeded rice. In addition, an economic analysis was made to see the effect of no-till direct seeded rice on cost reduction. A field study was performed at a 2.1ha paddy field in Kimjae city, Chonbuk province from 1991 to 1999. Various direct seeding methods such as dryland seeding, wetland seeding, and no-till wetland seeding were introduced. Then, cost reductions due to the direct seeding and no-till were calculated. In addition, to investigate the effect of shallow ponding on irrigation water requirement, field measurements such as irrigation water volume, drainage water volume, rainfall depth, and ponding depth, were made at a 40a plot within the same area in 1988 and 1990. The results of the shallow ponding study showed that the irrigation water depth, rainfall, and the drainage depth were 379mm, 458mm, and 448mm in 1988 growing season, and 274mm, 819mm, and 736mm in 1990, respectively. The shallow ponding irrigation method saved irrigation water by about 20% with higher yield compared with the traditional method. The economic analysis showed that won \640,000 per ha can be saved by direct seeding due to no nursery cost, and \1,220,000 per ha due to no-till and no nursery cost. The yields ranged 540 to 640 kg per 10a during the study period with an average of 590kg per 10a. If these cropping techniques with no-till direct seeding and shallow ponding depth for rice cropping prove to be advantageous with further study, they can be adopted for the most of the paddy fields in Korea.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.124-127
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• 1998

Since weedy rice problems have emerged with the recent advent of direct seeding cultivation in Korea, the establishment of effective control strategies for weedy rice is considered to be one of the urgent issues to be solved for widely practiced direct seeding rice cultivation. A three year experiment was conducted to investigate the occurrence pattern of weedy rice in four different rice cultivation practices: high ridged dry seeding, wet drill seeding, water seeding, and machine transplanting. The highest weedy rice occurrence of 11.0% was observed in high ridged dry seeding practice followed by 9.6% in wet drill seeding, 6.4% in water seeding practice, and 0.2% in machine transplanting practice, respectively. The same trend was observed when we examine the occurrence of contamination of panicle and rice grain by weedy rice. More contamination was observed in high ridged dry seeding than any other practices. It was also found that the possible emergence depths from the soil surface was deeper in both in ridged dry seeding and wet drill seeding practice (0-5 cm from the soil surface) than those in water seeding (0-4 cm), and machine transplanting practice (0-3 cm). The highest yield reduction of 19.5% was observed in high ridged dry seeding practice followed by 13.0% in wet drill seeding, 6.3% in water seeding practice. The reduction may have occurred to the competition between weedy rice and cultivated rice, These findings suggest that among the four cultural practices examined, the machine transplanting practice is the most effective method to control and reduce the weedy rice occurrence and weedy rice seed in soil.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.232-236
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• 2000

To obtain a basic information on the development of effective control strategies for weedy rice in direct seeding rice cultivation, occurrence patterns of weedy rice as influenced by different cultural practices such as cultivation method, water management, seeding time, and tillage were investigated in field or pot experiments. High occurrence of weedy rice was observed in a continuous direct seeding paddy field as compared to machine transplanted one. Based on the percent of weedy rice panicle over three years trial, high ridged dry seeding was highest with 36.9%, followed by wet seeding with 30.9%, water seeding with 14.6% and machine transplanting rice with 0.8%, indicating 97.8% reduction in weedy rice occurrence by machine transplanting rice as compared with high ridged dry seeding. Germination of weedy rice was promoted to 83-94 % when rice panicle was flooded from September 30 to October 10 for 6 days and 74-88% for 9 days on October 20. Weedy rice occurrence was also substantially reduced by delayed seeding on June 10 and intensive tillage. The results suggest that machine transplanting rice be more effective cultural practice than flooding treatment, delayed seeding and intensive tillage when weedy rice problem occurs in direct seeded paddy field.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 1999

Unstable seedling stand establishment of wet direct seeding culture of rice is one of the major elements preventing the extension of its culture area. In order to develop methods of seedling stand improvement in direct seeded rice on flooded surfaces, three field experiments were conducted on silty loam soil using a cultivar 'Donjinbyeo' for three years, mainly focusing on water management after seeding and seed soaking with plant growth regulators (PGRs). Under the condition of shallow flooding after seeding, seedling stand rate increased and floating seedling rate decreased in both early and normal season seeding compared to deep flooding. With earlier draining time after seeding, there was a tendency towards preferential growth of the seminal root, increase of seedling stand and decrease of the floating seedling rate. Therefore the highest seedling numbers per unit area and the lowest floating seedling numbers were found upon drainage at 1 day after seeding (DAS), while a contrary tendency was shown upon conventional drainage at 7 DAS. Seed soaking with PGRs such as Metalaxyl or mixing of Metalaxyl with gibberellic acid (GA$_3$) significantly increased the seedling stand. In addition the effects of PGR treatment on seedling stand and the early growth of plants were greater under flooded conditions than under drained conditions after seeding, although draining of water after seeding improved the seedling establishment rate more when compared with the PGR treatment. These results suggest that draining management after seeding or maintaining of shallow flooding for a week is the most effective method to improve the seedling stand rate in wet direct seeding.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Cloud seeding has not been used now to regulate water supplies in Korea and this results in losses to economy. The fastest experiments on precipitation enhancement in the world show that there are real possibilities to increase precipitation by 10-20%. Investigations of economic losses due to the lack of routine cloud seeding experiments in Korea have shown that they exceed about 100 million US dollars In 1999. Recommendations on cloud seeding activities including works on precipitation augmentation and prevention of heavy rains are presented. Spatial and temporal necessity to carry out this or that work is discussed.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2014

제주피의 발아특성 및 파종 심도에 따른 초기 생육 특성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 사료피 1호 종자는 $15^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 발아가 가능하였으며, $10-25^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 $20^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 발아율을 보였다. 나. 입모율은 담수와 직파에서 모두 $20^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았으며, 담수직파에서 평균 입모율은 5.9%, 건답직파는 70.5%로 나타났다. 다. 사료피 1호의 출아가 가능한 종자의 최대 파종 깊이는 담수직파에서 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$에서 0.5, 1.8, 1.5 cm, 건답직파는 각각의 온도에서 9.5, 10.0, 9.9 cm로 파종조건과 온도에 따라 변이를 보였다. 라. 사료피 1호는 담수와 건답직파 모두에서 온도와 관계없이 파종심도와 중배축장이 정의상관관계를 보여, 출아에 중배축 신장이 가장 크게 영향을 미치고 있을을 알 수 있다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 1996

벼 건답직파재배에서 화성벼를 공시 종자조건, 파종후 복토 및 파종후 관개시기등을 달리한 파종방법 차이가 입모정도. 생육특성 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토하였던 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 입모수는 파종후 관개배수를 하는 것이 입모후 담수를 하는 것보다 많았으며, 휴입세조파가 평면세조파후 무복토나 점파보다 많았다. 2. 파종후 관개배수가 위묘후 담수보다 출아일수는 6∼10일 짧았고, 출수기는 2∼3일 일렀다. 3. 경수는 생육초기에는 휴입세조파와 평면세조파후 복토(관행 : 건종자로 평면세조파 후 복토를 하고 입모후 담수를 한 파종방법)에서 많았으나, 유수형성기 이후의 경수 및 수수는 평면세조파후 무복토(침종종자로 평면세조파후 복토를 하지 않고 파종직후 관개배수를 한 파종방법)에서 가장 많았다. 4. 도복지수는 휴입세조파가 점파나 평면세조파보다 약간 높았고, 포장도복은 휴입세조파와 평면세조파 무복토에서 1 정도의 가벼운 도복이 발생되었다. 5. 쌀 수량은 관행인 평면세조파후 복토(5.35t/ha)보다 평면세조파후 무복토에서 7％ 증수되었다.