• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2003

As a pan of a study on effective use of seafood processing by-products, such as cuttle bone as a calcium source, we examined on the kind of organic acid (acetic acid and lactic acid), reaction concentration (mole ratio of calcium to mole of organic acid), reaction temperature $(20\~60^{\circ}C)$ and reaction time (6$\~$24 hours) as reaction conditions for the solubility improvement of cuttle bone powder. The high soluble cuttle bone powder was also prepared from the optimal reaction conditions and partially characterized. From the results on examination of reaction conditions, the high soluble cuttle bone powder was prepared with 0.4 in mole ratio of a calcium to mole of a acetic acid at room temperature for 12 hours, Judging from the patterns of IR and X-ray diffraction, the main component of the high soluble cuttle bone powder was presented as a form of calcium acetate, and a scanning electron micrograph showed an irregular form. The soluble calcium content in the high soluble cuttle bone powder was $5.3\%$ and it was improved about 1,380 times compared to a raw cuttle bone powder. For the effective use of the high soluble cuttle bone powder as a material for a functional improvement in processing, it should be used after the calcium treatment at room temperature for about 1 hour in tap water or distilled water. from these results, we concluded that it is possible to use the high soluble cut시e bone powder as a material for a functional improvement in processing.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.172-181
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• 1999

To develop the manufacturing technique for the powder builder of amorphous solid types, the water glass mixed with caustic soda dispersed into the methanol. Thus soluble sodium silicate was made a form of amorphous solid powder. In order to examine characteristics of water soluble sodium silicate $SiO_2/Na_2O$ mol ratio, we investigated solubility, thermogram, SEM, and BET analysis. pH buffering capacity, calcium-ion binding capacity as temperature change, and surfactant loading capacity were examined for characteristics as laundry detergent builder. $SiO_2/Na_2O$ molar ratio of soluble sodium silicate was 1.0, 2.4, 2.8, and zeolite was used in order to investigate basic characteristics of laundry detergent builder. Silicate used with laundry detergent was good for pH buffering capacity and solubility. But calcium-ion binding capacity and surfactant adsorption ability were lower. $SiO_2/Na_2O$ mol ratio became higher, pH buffering capacity and ion exchange ability were lower and surfactant adsorption ability was a little higher.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.183-196
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• 2015

Migration of leachate generated through embankment of construction waste soil (CWS) in low-lying areas was studied through physical and chemical analysis. A leachate solution containing soluble cations from CWS was found to have a pH above 9.0. To determine the distribution coefficients in the alkali solution, column and migration tests were conducted in the laboratory. The physical and chemical properties of CWS satisfied environmental soil criteria; however, the pH was high. The effective diffusion coefficients for CWS ions fell within the range of $0.725-3.3{\times}10^{-6}cm^2/s$. Properties of pore water and the amount of undissolved gas in pore water influenced advection-diffusion behavior. Contaminants migrating from CWS exhibited time-dependent concentration profiles and an advective component of transport. Thus, the transport equations for CWS contaminant concentrations satisfied the differential equations in accordance with Fick's 2nd law. Therefore, the migration of the contaminant plume when the landfilling CWS reaches water table can be predicted based on pH using the effective diffusion coefficient determined in a laboratory test.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 1991

Three minerals in orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata Linn.) grown under different potassium (K20) levels in water culture, potassium(K), magnesium(Mg) and calcium(Ca) were divided into water, alcohol, and acid soluble fractions to know the reason of different lea¬ching rate. The results were as follows; (1) The percentage of K in each fraction to total K was not affected by the fertilization levels, and it was 90-93, 4-6, and 2~3% in water, methanol and 0.5% HCI soluble fractions, respectively. (2) About 800/c of the extractive Mg was water soluble, and 14-22% of total Mg were extracted by O. 5% HC! solution. (3) The percentage of water, O. 5% HCI- and 1 M HCI-soluble Ca to total Ca were affected by the fertilization levels, and were 26-46%, 44-54%, and 8-22%, respectively. From the above facts, it is known that the solubility in water was the highest in K and followed by Mg and Ca. While the solubility in HCI solution was opposite to that in water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.691-700
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• 2004

This study was conducted to examine the proximate composition, alginic acid and mineral contents and the types of calcium and magnesium in the parts(frond, stipe, sporophyll) of sea mustards. Carbohydrates and the crude fat was the highest in sporophyll. The contents of alginic acid were $25.9{\sim}32.2%$. Total alginic acid(32.2%) and insoluble alginic acid in water(27.7%) was e highest in sporophyll. Calcium and magnesium was the highest in frond. Phosphorous, potassium and sulfur was the highest in sporophyll. Iron, zinc and mangane was the highest in frond. Ca/P ratio in frond and stipe was about $1.7{\sim}1.8:1$ levels. Calcium and magnesium soluble in sodium chloride was the highest in sea mustards. Calcium and magnesium soluble in water was the highest in frond. Calcium and magnesium soluble in hydrochloric acid was the highest in sporophyll.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 1997

The silk fibroin solution was prepared and applied to the surface of fabrics for the purpose of weighting as well as a surface modification. The water-soluble fibroin solution can be obtained by dissolving the cocoon fibroin in a boiling solution of 50% calcium chloride for 60 minutes. For the fixation of a water soluble fibroin onto the fabric surface, the various methods were investigated. The fixation can be achieved on a silk fabric by the after treatment with ethanol, stannous choride and methacrylamide. On the other hand, the epichlorhydrin compound is the most promising fixation agent for a cotton fabric. As a result of the examination of property changes, the softness and crease recovery were lessened for a silk crepe fabric by treating with 1-2% fibroin solution, while those properties were improved for a silk knit fabric.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.573-583
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• 2000

In order to investigate the characteristics of PM(sub)2.5 in the background area, the following pollutant were measured from February 1996 to June 1999 in Kanghwa: PM(sub)2.5 mass, sulfate, nitrate, chloride, ammonium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium. The mean concentration of PM(sub)2.5 mass was 25.8$\pm$1.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥(range 5.18~85.74). This value was higher than the annual PM(sub)2.5 US NAAQS(15$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) and the total number of samples higher than the 24-h PM(sub)2.5 US NAAQS(65$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) was seven. PM(sub)2.5 masses also showed temporal variations both yearly and seasonally. Total water soluble ions constituted about 45% of PM(sub)2.5 miss, and sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were main components in water soluble ions. Compared with the literature data from other areas, the measured PM(sub)2.5 concentrations were relatively high.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1953

The leaves of prunus padus L. var. Seoulensis Nakai distributed widely in Korea, were extracted with boiling alcohol(95%) after being mixed with calcium carbonate. The aqueous solution distilled off alcohol from the above filtered extract under the reduced pressure was evaporated to the dryness. The residue was extracted with acetic ether on the water-bath and the acetic ether solution extract was allowed to stand for a weck after removing out of acetic ether almostly, then a colorless necdles were Crystalized out which has the following characteristics : $C_{14}$ $H_{17}$ $O_{6}$ N, began to melt at 138-139.deg. bitter taste [.alpha.]$_$ $D^{20}$ ]=-26.99.deg. soluble in water, alcohol acetone acetic ether etc. slightly soluble in chloroform. It was proved to be identical with prunasine due to above characteristics and determination of Benzal-dehyde HCN and glucose respectively which was obtained on hydrolysis of this glycoside with emulsine.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.14-29
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• 1970

Tidal variations of various chemical constituents in the laver bed sea waters in Wan Do Gun were determined over one spring tidal cycle from Oct. 1968 to Feb. 1969. Total ranges and means of the contents at Pyung-il Do and Wan Do are as follows. Although the average monthly variations of each content at Pyung-il Do were similar to those at Wan Do, most of the contents at Pyung-il Do were at a slightly higher level than at Wan Do. The values of silicate-silicon, phosphate- phosphorus and soluble iron, however, showed high levels at Wan Do. Chlorinity, magnesium, calcium, dissolved oxygen, silicate-silicon and phosphate-phosphorus contents increased from Oct. 1968 to Feb. 1969, though the content of soluble iron decreased before December and slightly increased in January and February. The average monthly variations of ammonia-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen contents were irregular. The nitrite-nitrogen content appeared in trace amounts in the months with a comparatively high water temperature, i.e., October and November, but in midwinter it was undetected. The ranges of the tidal variations of the contents of each chemical constituent were not significantly wide, though the contents varied excessively by the hour, and this may show the irregularity of the water quality in Wan Do Gun coastal area. As a rule, no regular tidal variation of the chlorinity was observed except slightly decreased value at ebb tide at Wan Do. In general, although the pattern of the variations of calcium and magnesium contents were similar to that of the chlorinity, no definite relationships between these constituents and chlorinity were observed. Tidal variations of the dissolved oxygen content, nutrient salts and soluble iron were irregular.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2010

In order to understand the effects of a single or combined treatments of 1-MCP($1{\mu}L/L$) and $CO_2$(100%) on the firmness of melting type peach fruit(cv. Chunjungdo), fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and examined physiological changes including flesh firmness during 10 days of shelf-life. Firmness loss of fruit was delayed by both single and combined treatments of 1-MCP and $CO_2$. The treatment of 1-MCP was more effective than $CO_2$ treatment but no additive effective on firmness retention was found in the combined treatment. The upsurge of ethylene evolution occurred 5 days of shelf-life in air treated control but ethylene evolution gradually increased in fruit treated by 1-MCP and 1-MCP+$CO_2$. The suppression of ethylene evolution seemed stronger in $CO_2$ treatment. The respiration of fruit significantly inhibited up to 10 days except control where climacteric increase of respiration was found at 10 days of shelf-life. A molecular shift of pectic polymers(an increase of chelator soluble pectins and decrease of water soluble pectins) was induced by both 1-MCP and $CO_2$ treatments. An increase of water soluble pectins was coincident with firmness loss. The delay of firmness loss seemed to be associated with the migration of calcium to wall matrix, especially pectins, resulting in the increase of wall bound calcium. The polygalacturonase activity was significantly reduced by 1-MCP alone 1 day after treatment and increased to similar level of activity 5 days after treatment compared to other treatment except air treated control whereas pectin methylesterase activity seemed not to be affected by both 1-MCP and $CO_2$ treatments. Thus, the molecular shift of pectic polymers appeared not to be related with pectin methylesterase. Further study is required to clarify the softening mechanism associated with molecular shift of pectic polymers and the inter- or intra-cellular movement of calcium ions induced by postharvest treatments of 1-MCP and $CO_2$.