• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.269-281
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• 2023

In this study, we evaluate the effect of gelatin coating and sonication of wet-aged pork loin on quality. The moisture content of wet-aged pork loin with sonication and gelatin coating was the highest in the G5S sample (5% gelatin coating and sonication), while the moisture content of wet-aged pork loin with sonication was higher than that without sonication. The pH of wet-aged pork loin with sonication was lower than that without sonication. The aging loss of 5% gelatin coating with sonication was significantly lower than that of G0 (control), while the cooking loss was the lowest in G0 wet-aged pork loin. The water holding capacity of the wet-aged pork loin was the highest in G1. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value of wet-aged pork loin was significantly decreased with coating and not affected by sonication. The gelatin coating and sonication treatment significantly increased the myofibrillar fragmentation index of the samples. Shear force of wet-aged pork loin significantly decreased as the samples were gelatin-coated and sonicated. The myofibrillar and total protein solubilities were not significantly different between samples. In conclusion, the 1% gelatin coating with sonication can enhance the quality of wet-aged pork loin.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.463-466
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• 2011

Wet foams formed through direct foaming were stabilized using various concentrations of amiphiphilic particles that could control pore size and porosity. These porous materials showed moderate strength upon compression with high porosity. Bubble size and wet foam stability were tailored by amphiphile concentration, particle concentration, contact angle, and pH of the suspension to obtain crack-free porous solid after sintering. Closed and open pores were obtained with sizes of 30~300 ${\mu}m$ and porosities of over 80%.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.7
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• pp.1813-1828
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 기능별로 태스크를 설계하고 프로세스간 통신을 위하여 공유 메모리를 사용하여 wet station 모니터링 시스템을 구현한다. 롯트라는 반도체 웨이퍼 단위를 처리하기 위하여 레시피 명령을 설계하고 이 레시피에 의한 롯트의 배치 처리 과정을 모니터링하는 방법에 대하여 논한다. 설계된 태스크 및 레시피, 공유 메모리를 구현하여 실제 장비에 적용한 결과 각 태스크들이 레시피 명령에 따라 공유 메모리를 매개로 하여 배치 작업을 진행하였고 그 과정을 그래픽 화면을 통해 시각적으로 모니터링 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.511-515
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• 2014

The thermodynamic instability of bubbles in wet-foam colloidal suspension is due to the substantial area of their gas/liquid interface. Several physical processes lead to gas diffusion from smaller to larger bubbles, resulting in a coarsening and Ostwald ripening of wet foam. This includes a narrowing of the bubble size distribution. The distribution and microstructure of porous ceramics, the adsorption free energy and Laplace pressure of $Al_2O_3$ particle-stabilized colloidal suspension, and $SiO_2$ content were investigated for tailoring the bubble size. Wet-foam stability of more than 80% is related to the degree of hydrophobicity with contact angles of $62-70^{\circ}$ achieved from the surfactant. The contact angle replaces part of the highly energetic interface and lowers the free energy of the system. This leads to an apparent increase in the surface tension (26-33 mN/m) of the colloidal suspension.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.455-461
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• 2015

Porous ceramics with tailored pore size and shape are promising materials for the realization of a number of functional and structural properties. A novel method has been reported for the investigation of the role of SiC in the formation of $SiO_2$ foams by colloidal wet processing. Within a suitable pH range of 9.9 ~ 10.5 $SiO_2$, particles were partially hydrophobized using hexylamine as an amphiphile. Different mole ratios of the SiC solution were added to the surface modified $SiO_2$ suspension. The contact angle was found to be around $73^{\circ}$, with an adsorption free energy $6.8{\times}10^{-12}J$. The Laplace pressure of about 1.25 ~ 1.6 mPa was found to correspond to a wet foam stability of about 80 ~ 85%. The mechanical and thermal properties were analyzed for the sintered ceramics, with the highest compressive load observed at the mole ratio of 1:1.75. Hertzian indentations are used to evaluate the damage behavior under constrained loading conditions of $SiO_2$-SiC porous ceramics.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2013

Macro porous ceramics possessing controlled microstructures and chemical compositions have increasingly proven useful in the industrial sphere. Their sintered structures have found application in both established and emerging, areas such as thermal insulation in buildings, filtration of liquids and molten materials, refractory insulation, bone scaffolds and tissue engineering. Stable ceramic foams can be formed by wet chemical methods using inorganic particles(e.g., $Al_2O_3$ or $SiO_2$). The wet foams are dried and sintered with improved porosity and mechanical properties. This review examines the different techniques used to prepare porous ceramics from ceramic foams, focusing on the explanation of this versatile method of direct foaming from the past to the present. Comparisons of the processes and the processing parameters are explained with the produced microstructures.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2020

Silicon wafer etching in micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication is challenging to form 3-D structures. Well known Si-wet etch of silicon employs potassium hydroxide (KOH), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). However, the existing silicon wet etching process has a fatal disadvantage that etching of the back side of the wafer is hard to avoid. In this study, a wet etching bath for 150 mm wafers was designed to prevent back-side etching of silicon wafer, and we demonstrated the optimized process recipe to have anisotropic wet etching of silicon wafer without any damage on the backside. We also presented the design of wet bath for 300 mm wafer processing as a promising process development.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.1385-1392
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• 1999

This paper describes the design of the monitoring system for monitoring the current status and indirect controlling of the Wet Station Equipment which is used for cleaning the wafer. Most of the conventional monitoring system depend on the special hardware and software. Basic design goal of monitoring system is provide the convenience for the use and the portability for the system. In order for the system to fulfil its requirements, it was designed using GUI (Graphical User Interface) facility based on the windows NT environment of IBM PC compatible and EtherNet board based on the TCP/IP protocol.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1450-1459
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• 2001

These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different feeding and processing methods of diets on performance, morphological changes in the small intestine and nutrient digestibility of growing-finishing pigs. One-hundred fifty growing pigs ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace{\times}Duroc$; initial body weight of $23.33{\pm}0.75kg$) and one-hundred twenty finishing pigs ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace{\times}Duroc$; initial body weight of $59.22{\pm}0.56kg$) were used in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively. Pigs were grouped on the basis of body weight and gender, and randomly allotted into 6 different treatments with 5 replications in each treatment in a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement. Treatments were 1) dry feeding with a mash diet (DM), 2) dry feeding with a pelleted diet (DP), 3) dry feeding with an expanded crumble diet (DEC), 4) dry/wet feeding with a mash diet (WM), 5) dry/wet feeding with a pelleted diet (WP), and 6) dry/wet feeding with an expanded crumble diet (WEC). In Exp. 1 (growing phase), there was no significant difference in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) among treatments during the entire experimental period, but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p<0.05) improved in pigs fed pelleted diets regardless of feeding method. FCR was best in pigs fed a DP diet and worst in pigs fed a WM diet. Pigs fed a pelleted diet showed a 6.2% or 4.0% improvement in FCR compared with those fed a mash diet or an expanded crumble diet. Water disappearance was not significantly affected by dry/wet feeding or feed processing. Significant differences in villus height were not found among treatments, but villus height tended to be improved by dry/wet feeding. Dry/wet feeding or feed processing did not affect crypt depth. Digestibilities of calcium and phosphorus were significantly (p<0.05) improved in pigs fed an expanded crumble diet compared with pigs fed mash diets. Especially, pigs fed a WEC diet digested 8.1% more P than those fed a DM diet. Feed cost per kg weight gain (FCG) tended to be increased by dry/wet feeding rather than dry feeding. In Exp. 2 (finishing phase), ADG and ADFI were not significantly different among treatments, but a significant difference in FCR was found among feed processing forms. The best FCR was obtained in pigs fed a pelleted diet. Pigs fed a DP diet showed a 11.3% improvement compared with those fed a DEC diet. Water disappearance was significantly (p=0.0408) decreased by feeding the mash diet. However, water disappearance was not affected by dry/wet feeding during the finishing period. The villus height and crypt depth were not significantly different among treatments. However, crypt depth tended to be decreased by dry/wet feeding at the mid part of the small intestine. Fat digestibility was improved by dry feeding rather than dry/wet feeding, and was improved by 4.8% by feeding pellet diets compared with expanded crumble diets. Except for carcass grade, carcass characteristics were not significantly (p<0.05) different among treatments. Carcass grade was the best in pigs fed a WP diet. Feed cost per kg weight gain (FCG) was significantly decreased in pigs fed a pelleted diet compared with those fed an expanded crumble diet, and tended to be decreased by dry/wet feeding. In conclusion, these studies suggest that feeding the pelleted diet to growing-finishing pigs can be beneficial in terms of FCR and production cost. Dry/wet feeding can be helpful for the maintenance of villus height, but may not be reflected in improved growth performance or reduction of production costs.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.604-609
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• 2016

This study reports on wet-foam stability with respect to porous ceramics from a particle-stabilized colloidal suspension that is achieved through the addition of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) using a wet process. To stabilize the wet foam, an initial colloidal suspension of $Al_2O_3$ was partially hydrophobized by the surfactant propyl gallate (2 wt.%) and $SiO_2$ was added as a stabilizer. The influence of the PMMA content on the bubble size, pore size, and pore distribution in terms of the contact angle, surface tension, adsorption free energy, and Laplace pressure are described in this paper. The results show a wet-foam stability of more than 83%, which corresponds to a particle free energy of $2.7{\times}10^{-12}J$ and a pressure difference of 61.1 mPa for colloidal particles with 20 wt.% of PMMA beads. It was possible to control the uniform distribution of the open/closed pores by increasing the PMMA content and by adding thick struts, leading to the achievement of a higher-stability wet foam for use in porous ceramics.