• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 1995

Cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum L. normally have pink flowers, but the flue-cured tobacco mutant line, BU 8832-85, had white flower. The mutant line was crossed with five normal varieties of KF 109, NC 82, TC 499, NC 567 and Coker 176. All Fl plants showed pink flower. The progenies of F2 generations were segregated with the phenotypic ratio 9 : 3 : 4 with pink, varigated(a recombinant type) and white flower, respectively. Test-cross populations showed 1 : 1 : 2 ratios. These results showed that the white flower character was controlled by two recessive genes. The genes were designated as FFCC for pink and ffcc for white flower. The recessive gene ff was epistatic to C and c. Therefore, white flower had a recessive epistasis gene.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.149-160
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• 1995

We investigated the seasonal changes flower color of 163 deciduous woody landscape plants in the Suwon region from January 1, 1992 to March 20, 1993. The results were as follows; 1. By the month of anthesis of woody landscape plants, only one plant of Hamamelis japonica flowered in February, 15 species in March, 48 species in April, 63 species in May, 23 species in June, 12 species in July, and one plant of Hydrangea paniculata was flowered in August. 2. The flowering period was about 220 days from February 24, 1992 that Hamamelis japonica was anthesis to October 5, 1992 when Hydrangea paniculata was deblossomed. 3. By the flowering period of woody landscape plants, 81 species continued for 11 days through 20 days, and Rosa spp., 118 days, Hibiscus syriacus 'Yungkwang', 80 days, Largerstroemia indica, 65 days, and 6 species continued for 41 through 60 days, 10 species were 31 through 40 days, 43 species were 21 through 30 days, and 20 species were for less than 11 days. 4. The woody landscape plants flowering before leaf spreading, Hamamelis japonica, Abeliophyllum distichum, Prunus mume 'Hwahyangmi', Prunus mume 'Baekkaha', Lindera obtusiloba, Cornus officinalis, Prunus armeniaca. The others were plants with leaves spreading white flowering; Forsythia ovata 'Tetra gold', Forsythia ovata, Corylus hetrophylla, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Magnolia denudata, Forsythia koreana 'Seoul Gold', Forsythia koreana, Magnolia stellata, Acer negundo 'Elegans', Magnolia kobus, Forsythia viridissima 'Bronxensis', Prunus yedoensis, Prunus leveilleana var. pendula, Prunus persica for. albiplena, Prunus tomentosa, Prunus persia, Magnolia liliflora, Prunus glandulosa for. sinensis, Cercis chinensis, Poncirus trifoliata. 5. In terms of flower color based on KBS standard color number, 83 species were white, 44 species wer red, 21 species were yellow, 12 species were violet, and 3 species were green. 6. In terms of the flower color by month. Hamamelis japonica was yellow February. Flower colors in March were : yellow-7 species, red-3 species and white-5 species. Flower colors in April were : White-21 species, red-19 species and yellow-6 species. Flower colors in May were : White-36 species, red-16 species. The white flowers in June were 16 species. Flower colors in July were : white-4 species, red-4 species. 7. The white flower color of woody landscape plants of trees was 35 species. The red flower color was 18 species, yellow flower color was 5 species, violet flower color was 2 species, and green flower color was 3 species. Also the white flower color of woody landscape plants of shrubs was 48 species, red flower color was 25 species, yellow flower color was 17 species and violet flower color was 10 species. 8. The new 'Cultivars' of woody landscape plants are needed to introduced the development of planting design. 9. Present data of illustrated books of plants should be checked by new data that was studied in this research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2000

The genetic makeup could be the most important among many factors affecting yield and quality of tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.). The mammoth gene found in N. tabacum is associated with greater leaf number and poor leaf quality. This study was carried out to obtain the basic information about the inheritance of mammoth gene and white flower color. Two flue-cured breeding lines, KF 9373-2 and KF 8832-85, F$_1$, F$_2$, two parents backcrossed with F$_1$, and F$_3$ lines derived from cross of above two lines were investigated for flowering type(mammoth gene) and flower color. All plants of F$_1$ population revealed normal flowering type and pink flower color. The progeny of F$_2$ generation was segregated into the phenotypic ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 with normal flowering type and pink flower color, normal and white, non flowering type(NF) and pink, and NF and white, respectively. Among the progenies of back-crossing populations, the flowering type showed a segregation ratio of 1 : 1 as normal and NF in BP$_1$ and flower color did also 1 : 1 as pink and white in BP$_2$. All lines have the mammoth gene in F$_3$. that were selected in F$_2$ progeny as non flowering. But 9 lines among 14 were segregated with 3 : 1 as pink and white flower in F$_3$. which were selected in F$_2$ as pink flower color. These results indicated that the characters of mammoth gene and white flower were controlled by a pair of recessive genes, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.173-176
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• 2009

A new spray chrysanthemum cultivar 'Pure Angel' was released by National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea in 2007. The cross was made in 2004 between 'Innocence', a breeding cultivar of NIHHS, and 'Baeksokuk', a spray cultivar with white petals. Trials were conducted from 2005 to 2007 for the evaluation and selection of this cultivar, including shade cultures in summer and retarding cultures in autumn. The natural flowering time of 'Pure Angel' is late October, but year-round flowering is possible by photo-periodic control. The cultivar has single type flowers with pure white petals and a green flower center. It shows long vase life and resistance to white rust. The diameter of flower is 52.5 mm. The numbers of flowers per stem and petals per flower are 12 and 22.5, respectively. Days to flowering under the short day treatment is about 52 days in spring seasons.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2005

To clone blue and white flower color specific genes, mRNA differential display was carried out with two different Commelina species, C. communis Linne for blue color and C. coreana Leveille for. leucantha Nakai for white color. Fifty two and 100 cDNA clones specific for blue or white flower color, respectively, were ranging from 200 to 700 bp in size. From the reverse northern blot analysis, 12 and 7 positive clones were selected for blue and white flower, respectively. These clones appear to be novel cDNAs for these Commelina plants, but not color specific. This finding was supported by the northern blot analysis. However, two clones, B18 and B19, derived from blue flowered Commelina were highly expressed than in the white Commelina species, implying that further study will be valuable. The results indicated that both mRNA display experiment and dot blot analysis may not sensitive enough to clone color-determining gene from the plant, leading to explore more advanced method, like high-density colony array study (HDCA).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dosage of gamma rays for inducing artificial mutation of several mutant characters in the flue-cured tobacco. 1) In Hicks and BY 104, the gammarays irradiation has no significantly different effect on seed germination from the control. However, the average dosage for 50% growth inhibition was 25-30kr for all the varieties tested, which inhibition 46-52% and 43-57% of the seedling growths for Hicks and BY 104, respectively. 2) A mutant line 83H-5 was selected from Hicks by irradiation gamma ray at the level of 30kr. It has white flower, more resistance to bacterial wilt, Pssudomonas solanacearum, lower plant and stalk height, narrower leaf width, larger leaf shape index(lento width) and later days to flower when compared with the original variety Hicks. 3) White flower was recessive to pink flower in F, and Br (F1 X Hicks) progenies. F2 population of the cross gave segregation ratio of 3 pink flower:1 white flower, and B, (F1 X 83H-5) Population gave 1:1 ratio. Results showed that the white flower character is governed by a single recessive gene.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.141-144
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• 2009

A new spray chrysanthemum 'Pink Berry' was released by National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea in 2007. A cross was made in 2004 between 'Lineker Salmon', a spray cultivar with salmon petals, and 'Baeksokuk', a spray cultivar with white petals. Trials were conducted from 2005 to 2007 for evaluation and selection of this cultivar, including shade cultivation in summer and retarding cultivation in autumn. The natural flowering time of 'Pink Berry' is late October, but year-round flowering is possible by photo-periodic control. The cultivar has single type flowers with pink petals and a green flower center. It shows long vase life of 22 days and resistance to white rust. The diameter of flower is 52.0 mm. The numbers of flowers per stem and petals per flower are 15.5 and 29.5, respectively. Days to flowering under the short day treatment is about 56 in autumn seasons.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2010

A new white spray-mum, 'White Ball' was bred by crossing between 'Stallion', a white anemone type flower, and 'Hyangno', an anemone type with pink petals in October 2003. The growth and flowering characteristics were investigated in forcing, natural, and retarding cultures from 2005 to 2007. The 'White Ball' was a medium-flowering fall-mum with white anemone type flower and had 16.2 flowers per stem, 3.6 cm diameter of flower in natural culture. The number of days to flowering and flowers per plant was 58.5 and 11.9, respectively, in forcing culture of 'White Ball' whereas the number of days to flowering was 54 in retarding culture.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.295-298
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• 2008

A new Cymbidium cultivar 'White Princess' was released by the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in 2005. A cross was made in 1995 between 'Cymbidium 2113', light purple colored petal and medium plant sized variety, and 'Lucky Rainbow Randevous', a dark purple petal with red lip and large type variety. The ninety progenies were obtained after planting and acclimatization in green house. In 2000, a line (9526747) was selected and multipliticed after test of its flower color, leaf shape, flower stalk, and vigorous growing habit. After evaluation trial for two growing seasons, the selected line was named as 'White Princess'. The 'White Princess' has white petals (WN 155A) with red lip (RP59D) color and large sized leaves, and flowers (leaf length is about 88 cm and flower diameter is about 8 cm) with semi-erect flower stalks. Blooming started from December to January in optimal culture conditions. High temperature (more than $30^{\circ}C$) and low light intensity(less than 10,000Lux) should be avoided for the appropriate growth.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2008

This study was conducted to gather basic data on the physiological activities of flower extracts from 4 cultivars of white lotus to promote the increase of public consumption. Four cultivars of white lotus: c.v. 'Garam', 'Choeue', 'Baekhwageonryeon', and 'Seungdal' were harvested on 14, August, 2007, and the physiological activities of flower extracts obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol extraction were examined. Total phenol content was highest in the 'Garam' flower hot water extracts, $144.2{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, and lowest in the 'Seungdal' flower ethanol extracts, $63.4{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$. DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest at 2,000ppm flower extract of 'Garam' obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol extraction of 90.9% and 83.0%, respectively. Total flavonoid content in the flower extracts of 'Garam' obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol extraction showed the highest levels at $34.1{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}\;and\;33.9^{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activity at 1,000ppm flower extract was highest in 'Garam'. Extracts obtain by hot water and ethanol showed 91.3% and 80.4% activity, respectively. No significant difference in tyrosinase inhibition activity was observed among the cultivars or as a result of extraction method. Overall anti-microbial activity of the flower extracts was slightly higher in 'Garam' than in the other cultivars.