• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.448-456
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• 2003

The prime objective of many facial wrinkle-reduction treatments is to achieve visible improvement. Thus the visibility of before/after treatment differences is often part of an efficacy assessment. This paper investigates whether the background knowledge of the people acting as observers in such assessments is of impact on the results: e.g. the subjects themselves are familiar with their faces, skin professionals have much experience in judging skin quality, and thus both might be more sensitive to small changes. In a clinical study 44 Female subjects were regularly treated during a period of 12 weeks with one of three wrinkle-reduction methods: K, Land M (placebo). Photographs were taken before treatment and at 6 and 12 weeks. The photographs were judged by 3 types of observers:ㆍ24 Lay observers were given the 0＆6-week and the 0＆12-week photo pairs of all subjects to indicate the one with the least wrinkles in a two-alternative forced-choice (TAFC) procedure.ㆍThe subjects themselves were given the 0＆6-weel and the 0＆12-week pair of their own photos (8 replications) to indicate the photo with the least wrinkles (TAFC).ㆍA trained panel of skin professionals (N=3) each gave 9-point Fitzpatrick wrinkle-severity scores for all individual 0-week and 12-week photos. We found that the lay observers perceived the same differences as the subjects themselves: significant improvements after 12 weeks for treatment K (p<0.0005 and p=0.005, respectively), no visible effects for treatments Land M, and, most importantly, a significant difference between treatments K and M/placebo (p=0.02 and p=0.04, respectively). Also the trained panel found this difference between K and M (p=0.013), but here it was due to a significant deterioration over time of the 'placebo-treated' wrinkles (M, p=0.03). Thus in conclusion we have found no indications that extra knowledge - in the form of familiarity with the own face or in the form of professional training - results in the identification of more treatments that show significantly visible wrinkle-reduction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.239-245
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• 2014

In this paper, a weighted value wrinkle detection method is suggested based on the analysis on the entire facial features such as face contour, face size, eyes and ears. Firstly, the main facial elements are detected with AAM method entirely from the input screen images. Such elements are mainly composed of shape-based and appearance methods. These are used for learning the facial model and for matching the face from new screen images based on the learned models. Secondly, the face and background are separated in the screen image. Four points with the biggest possibilities for wrinkling are selected from the face and high wrinkle weighted values are assigned to them. Finally, the wrinkles are detected by applying Canny edge algorithm for the interested points of weighted value. The suggested algorithm adopts various screen images for experiment. The experiments display the excellent results of face and wrinkle detection in the most of the screen images.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was aimed to report the anti-wrinkle effects of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. Methods : Data were collected from 23 patients who had been treated with cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture for skin wrinkles. Patients were treated twice a week, for a total of 5 times. To observe the effect of the treatment, we measured the width and depth of skin wrinkles with ECOSKIN(portable fluorescent dermal diagnostic equipment). We also conducted a survey with patients to measure total satisfaction and the anti-wrinkle effect using a semantic differential scale. The evaluation was done 2 times, once before the first treatment and once 1 week after the last treatment. The relationship was measured by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results : Skin wrinkle mean width decreased significantly from $9.45{\pm}6.60$ to $5.54{\pm}4.78$. Depth decreased significantly from $0.68{\pm}0.34$ to $0.39{\pm}0.24$ total satisfaction increased significantly from $2.46{\pm}0.743$ to $4.13{\pm}0.51$. Anti-wrinkle effect increased significantly from $2.46{\pm}0.63$ to $3.93{\pm}0.593$. Conclusions : These results suggest that cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture may be effective for decreasing wrinkles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.153-158
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• 2007

Background: Naturally occurring antioxidants were used to regulate the skin damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation because several antioxidants have demonstrated that they can inhibit wrinkle formation through prevention of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and/or increase of collagen synthesis. We examined the effect of oral administration of the antioxidant mixture ("L-Skin Care") on UVB-induced wrinkle formation. In addition, we investigated the possible molecular mechanisms of photoprotection against UVB through inhibition of collagen-degrading MMP activity or through enhancing of pro collagen synthesis in mouse dorsal skin. Methods: Female SKH-l hairless mice were orally administrated "L-Skin Care" (test group) or vehicle (control group) for 10 weeks with UVB irradiation by three times a week. The intensity of irradiation was gradually increased from 30 to $180mJ/cm^2$. Microtopographic and histological assessments of the dorsal skins were carried out at the end of 10 weeks to evaluate wrinkle formation. Western blot analysis and EMSA were also carried out to investigate the changes in the balance of collagen synthesis and collagen degradation. Results: Our "L-Skin Care" significantly reduced UVB-induced wrinkle formation, accompanied by significant reduction of epidermal thickness, and UVB-induced hyperplasia, acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. Oral administration of "L-Skin Care" significantly prevented UVB-induced expressions of MMPs, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and activation of activator protein (AP)-1 transcriptional factor in addition to enhanced type I procollagen and transforming growth factor-$\beta$ (TGF-$\beta$) expression. Conclusion: Oral administration of "L-Skin Care" significantly inhibited wrinkle formation caused by chronic UVB irradiation through significant inhibition of UVB-induced MMP activity accompanied with enhancement of collagen synthesis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.68-78
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this clinical research was to investigate the effects of herbal cosmetics containing Momordica charntia L. extracts on the anti-wrinkle and whitening effects. Methods : A total of 25 subjects who visited Daegu Hanny Oriental Medical Center from November 1st, 2010 to December 31th, 2010 were included in this study. In this study, we observed change of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 for using products, change of average melanin content and pigmental area, analysis results of subjective wrinkle improvement, Analysis results of subjective whitening improvement. Statistical analysis was performed by using paired t-test and wilcoxon signed ranks test. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5%(p<0.05) Results : Statistically, herbal cosmetics containing Momordica charntia L. extracts showed siginificant effect on change of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 for using products, change of average melanin content and pigmental area, analysis results of subjective wrinkle improvement, Analysis results of subjective whitening improvement(p<0.05). And satisfaction after using herbal cosmetics was near good. Conclusions : Considering the above results, we have concluded that herbal cosmetics containing Momordica charntia L. extracts have the remarkable effects on the anti-wrinkle and whitening effects.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.62-74
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• 2021

Objectives : The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of acupuncture and the details of acupuncture treatment methods on skin wrinkles. Methods : Search was conducted in Pubmed, KISS, and NDSL databases for acupuncture studies on skin wrinkles. The detailed therapeutic techniques of acupuncture used for skin wrinkles and the effect of acupuncture on skin wrinkle improvement were analyzed. Then, the study results using the same indicator were compared through meta-analysis in order to compare the effects of acupuncture with the control group. The quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the risk of bias (ROB) assessment tool (Ver. 1.0, Cochrane Collaboration). Results : A total of 10 RCTs and 19 case series were included in this study. The most frequently used therapeutic technique for skin wrinkle improvement was Microneedle therapy system (MTS, n=19), and they were mostly used with aesthetic solutions (13 out of 19 studies). Skin wrinkle related indexes were most commonly used to evaluate skin wrinkle improvement (n=14). Panax Ginseng pharmacopuncture showed the most remarkable effect in improving the range of skin wrinkles and the depth of skin wrinkles. MTS+epidermal growth factor improved the levels of skin hydration, skin elasticity, and variation of skin pigment the most. MTS+Endothelial precursor cell improved the number of skin melanin the most. Three RCTs included in the meta-analysis showed moderate ROB on average. Conclusions : Acupuncture treatment was effective in improving skin wrinkles. However, a precise study design using unified indicators and appropriate controls needs to be performed in further studies in order to establish more convincing evidence of the effectiveness of acupuncture for improving skin wrinkles.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.321-327
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• 2022

In this paper, a wrinkled structure was formed on the PDMS surface through UV/Ozone treatment, and the wrinkle structure formation mechanism was revealed through physicochemical characterization. A wrinkle structure was formed on the PDMS surface through UV/Ozone treatment for 30 min, and periodic wrinkle formation on the PDMS surface was confirmed by cross-sectional imaging of the scanning electron microscope. In addition, through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectral analysis, it was confirmed that the silica-like-surface of SiOx on the PDMS surface was formed by UV/Ozone. The results of this study not only improve the understanding of the mechanism of wrinkle structure formation on the PDMS surface by UV/Ozone treatment, but also can be used as a basic study to adjust the amplitude and period of the wrinkle structure according to UV/Ozone irradiation conditions in the future.contact angles and the surface energies of FSAMs, it was confirmed that pretilt angles of LC molecules increased according to the alkyl chain length. High optical transparency and uniform homeotropic LC alignment characteristics of FSAMs showed the possibility of FSAMs as an LC alignment layers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.787-788
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.267-268
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• 2010

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5452-5457
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• 2015

Conjugating a phytochemical, a strong antioxidant, with a functional peptide not only compensates for its stability, but also improves its solubility and anti-wrinkle effects, thereby contributing to the possibility of becoming an excellent cosmetic ingredient. Thus, in this study we examined the potential cosmetic use of a phytochemical-peptide derivative using gallic acid, a phytochemical with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. To evaluate the antioxidant and wrinkle-improving efficacy of 5 synthesized gallic acids conjugated with LVH, IVH, KTTKS, YGGFM, and YGGFLRKYP respectively, we observed the expression of genes related to wrinkle improvement using DPPH radical scavenging activity and real-time PCR. As a result, all 5 derivatives had excellent free radical scavenging effects. The expression level of genes involved collagen synthesis also increased, and the secreted peptides during collagen production contributed to their antioxidant and wrinkle improving effects. These results mark the potential use of gallic acid peptide derivatives as a cosmetic ingredient for anti-oxidation and wrinkle improvement.