• Title/Summary/Keyword: zoonoses

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Study on the Notifications of WTO/SPS - Focused on Food Safety Measures - (WTO/SPS 통보문 분석 연구 - 식품안전조치를 중심으로 -)

  • Shin, Seong-Gyun
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.252-260
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    • 2009
  • According to Article 7 and Annex B of the World Trade Organization(WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS) Measures, WTO members are required to notify their newly established or amended SPS measures that might affect international trade. This study analyzed SPS notifications from 1995 to 2008 to identify international trends for food safety measures. The notifications were collected from the SPS information management system and the official document distribution system of WTO. The 153 WTO members represented 37 developed countries, 84 developing countries and 32 least developed countries. The number of overall notifications was 9,820. The annual notifications increased from 198 in 1995 to 1,264 in 2008. The monthly average notifications were from 44.8 in December to 69.5 in June; however, there were no statistical differences among them. The six leading Members in terms of notification submissions were United States(U.S.), Brazil, New Zealand, Canada, European Community and Korea. Among the regular and emergency notifications, 62.7% notifications were concerned with food safety, followed by animal and plant protections. Among animal protection notifications, 54.8% were emergency situations. Of the 4,821 food safety notifications, 60.4% were from developed countries, and 39.3% were from developing countries. Measures concerning pesticide residues and risk assessments were mainly from developed countries. In contrast, 77.5% of the measures concerning zoonoses were from developing countries. However considering the numbers of developing and developed countries, the average number of measures for each country was similar. Food safety measures were mainly involved pesticide residues followed by food additives, zoonoses, new regulations, labeling. As the overall notifications, zoonosis measures were mainly emergency notifications. Measures concerning pesticide residues, food additives, zoonoses, new regulations, veterinary drugs, and labeling were submitted most often by the U.S., Korea, Albania, U.S., Australia, and U.S., respectively. Identifying the exact trends of food safety measures was complicated by a number of factors. However, WTO notifications might be useful tool in providing a general view of international trends.

A Genetic Comparison of Brucella abortus Isolates from Animals and Humans by Using the MLVA Assay

  • Her, Moon;Kang, Sung-Il;Kim, Jong-Wan;Kim, Ji-Yeon;Hwang, In-Yeong;Jung, Suk-Chan;Park, Sang-Hee;Park, Mi-Yeoun;Yoo, Han-Sang
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.20 no.12
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    • pp.1750-1755
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    • 2010
  • The MLVA assay is known to have a high ability to identify and discriminate Brucella species, so that it can be used as an epidemiological tool to discriminate Brucella isolates originating from restricted geographic sources. In this study, the genetic profiles of 38 B. abortus isolates from humans were analyzed and compared with genotypes from animal isolates in South Korea. As a result, it was found that they did not show high genetic diversity and were compacted. They were clustered together with animal isolates, showing a significant correlation to regional distributions. With its ability to prove a significant genetic correlation among B. abortus isolates from animals and humans in South Korea, the MLVA assay could be utilized as part of a program to control and eradicate brucellosis, one of the major zoonoses. This study represents the first data of genetic correlation of B. abortus isolates from humans and animals in South Korea.

Veterinarians as a Risk Group for Zoonoses: Exposure, Knowledge and Protective Practices in Finland

  • Kinnunen, Paula M.;Matomaki, Alisa;Verkola, Marie;Heikinheimo, Annamari;Vapalahti, Olli;Kallio-kokko, Hannimari;Virtala, Anna-Maija;Jokelainen, Pikka
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.78-85
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    • 2022
  • Background: Veterinarians may encounter a variety of zoonotic pathogens in their work. Methods: We conducted two cross-sectional questionnaire studies among veterinarians in Finland. Participants were recruited during two Annual Veterinary Congresses. In 2009, 306 veterinarians participated in an extensive questionnaire study, and in 2016, 262 veterinarians participated in a more focused study that included two same questions. Results: In 2009, the majority (90.9%) of the participating veterinarians reported having been occupationally exposed to zoonotic pathogens. Zoonotic infections (15.0%), needle stick incidents (78.8%), bites (85.0%), as well as infected skin lesions (24.2%) were reported. In 2009, 8.2% of the participants fully agreed with the statement "I have good knowledge of zoonoses and their prevention"; in 2016, the proportion was 10.3%. The reported use of protective practices and personal protective equipment in connection with specific veterinary procedures indicated that there was room for improvement, particularly in protection from pathogens that are transmissible via inhalation and mucous membranes. Conclusion: The results confirm that veterinarians are commonly occupationally exposed to zoonotic pathogens. Education should aim to improve and maintain the knowledge of zoonoses and their prevention. Use of protective practices should be advocated.

Awareness of Major Zoonoses among Dairy Farmers in Gyeonggi Province (경기도 낙농업자의 주요 인수공통감염증 인지도)

  • Choi, Kum-Bal;Lim, Hyun-Sul;Lee, Kwan;Min, Young-Sun
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.339-349
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    • 2010
  • Objective: We surveyed awareness levels of brucellosis, Q fever and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) among dairy farmers in Gyeonggi Province to suggest directions for public education and public relations. Methods: We designed questionnaires to evaluate awareness of 3 major zooneses. We conducted a questionnaire survey to assess knowledge of the general characteristics of them, information sources for the awareness of zooneses, and the mode of transmission. Subjects were 716 workers from 482 dairy farms in Gyeonggi province. Results: The awareness levels for brucellosis, Q fever, and EHEC were 90.2%, 2.5% and 56.6%, respectively. Awareness of brucellosis and EHEC were tended to increase with higher number of school years. Television was the most common route of information for these zoonoses. Most common responses for questions concerning the method of transmission for each zoonoses, 'Contact with parturient fluid or placenta of animal' was 63.2% for brucellosis, 'Ingestion of raw meat or residual product' was 66.7% and 64.2% for Q fever and EHEC, respectively. The most common reason why dairy farmers think that it is difficult to prevent zoonoses was the inconvenience of wearing protection. Conclusions: Education programs for zoonoses, especially Q fever, are needed for dairy farmers. In addition, publicity information activities about prevention of zoonoses are needed for high risk groups, such as the dairy farmers surveyed.

Changes of Blood $Mg^{2+}$ and $K^+$ after Starvation during Molting in Laying Hens (환우(換羽, molting)에 의한 절식 후 산란계의 혈액 $Mg^{2+}$$K^+$ 변동)

  • Go, Hyeon-Kyu;Lee, Sei-Jin;Cho, In-Gook;Lee, Mun-Young;Park, Hye-Min;Mun, A-Reum;Kim, Jeong-Gon;Kim, Gi-Beum;Kim, Jin-Shang;Kang, Hyung-Sub;Kim, Shang-Jin
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.581-585
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    • 2011
  • Either the fasting during natural molting or the starvation in induced molting would be a severe metabolic stress to laying hens. The metabolic stress during starvation and subsequent refeeding syndrome could lead to unbalance of mineral homeostasis, including $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$ and P required by ATP synthesis. Since $Mg^{2+}$ is a fundamental ion for normal metabolic processes and stress may not only increase in demands of $Mg^{2+}$ but also produce consequence of $Mg^{2+}$ deficiency, we investigated the changes of blood ionized and total ions related to starvation during molting in laying hens. We founded the significant decrease in blood $Mg^{2+}$ and $K^+$ accompanied by the changes of biochemical parameters relating to increased metabolic stress after molting. These results suggested that appropriate $Mg^{2+}$ and $K^+$ supplements to laying hens could have beneficial effects during molting and subsequent refeeding that could produce a severe hypomagnesemia and hypokalcemia.

Unexpected Isolation of Leclercia Adecarboxylata in Dermatitis of a Dog

  • Jung, Hansol;Cho, Hyunkee;Lee, June Bong;Yoon, Jang Won;Chung, Jin-Young
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.381-383
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    • 2017
  • A two-year-old intact male Labrador retriever was presented with generalized erythema, pustule and pruritus. A skin screening test revealed that there were no fleas but bacteria and dermatophytes were present. Blood testing revealed no remarkable findings. The patient was prescribed systemic medication of enrofloxacin 30 mg/kg once a day and itraconazole 10 mg/kg once a day and topical medication of 2% chlorhexidine shampoo twice a week for 2 weeks. Two weeks after the prescription, aerobic culture confirmed that the bacteria were Leclercia Adecarboxylata and Pseudomonas putida was sensitive to enrofloxacin. Therefore, more medicine was prescribed for 4 weeks to alleviate clinical signs. After six weeks of medication, clinical signs were alleviated and skin screening test revealed no remarkable findings. Bacterial and fungal skin infections are common in dogs. However, there are no reports of Leclercia Adecarboxylata infection even in gastrointestinal tract in veterinary medicine. This is the first report of Leclercia Adecarboxylata infection in dogs. This report proved that Leclercia Adecarboxylata can cause skin problem in dogs.