Factors Affecting the Extractability of Protein of Silkworm Larvae

번데기 단백질(蛋白質)의 추출성(抽出性)에 영향을 미치는 요인(要因)

This experiment was designed to investigate the optimum conditions for the extraction of protein from the silkworm larvae by using the oven-dried and freeze-dried samples. The extractability was examined on the basis of kinds of extractants, ratio of sample to extractants, extraction time, temperature, and the effect of pH. The following results were obtained: (1) About 56% of proteins were extracted when 0.05M NaOH was used and the highest extractability was obtained at the ratio of 1 : 40 (sample: extractant). (2) The amount of nitrogen extracted was gradually increased when the extraction temperature was increased from $10^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$ in both oven-dried and freeze-dried silkworm larvae. The highest amount of nitrogen was extracted at $50^{\circ}C$ in freeze-dried sample and at $60^{\circ}C$ in oven-dried sample. In addition, sixty min. of extraction time showed the highest extractability of nitrogen, however, not much difference in extractability was found after 10 min of extraction time. (3) More than 60% of nitrogens were extracted at pH 13.0, but less than 20% were extracted from pH 1.0 to 11.0. There was only slight difference in extractability of nitrogen between freeze-dried and oven-dried samples.

본실험(本實驗)은 번데기의 단백질(蛋白質) 최적(最適) 추출조건(抽出條件)을 검토하기 위하여 제사공장(製絲工場)에서 나온 탈지(脫脂)번데기를 oven-dry와 freeze-dry한 두 종류(種類)를 사용(使用)하여 추출성(抽出性)에 영향을 미치는 용매(溶媒)의 종류(種類), 추출용매(抽出溶媒)와의 혼합비율(混合比率), 온도(溫度) 및 시간(時間), 추출액(抽出液)의 pH의 영향 등을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. (1) 추출용매(抽出溶媒)에 따른 질소추출(抽出)은 0.05M NaOH에서 56%로 가장 많았으며 시료와 추출용매(抽出溶媒)와의 비율(比率)은 1 : 40일때가 질소추출(抽出)이 좋았다. (2) 추출(抽出)에 대한 온도(溫度)의 영향은 freeze-dry한 경우 $50^{\circ}C$, oven-dry한 시료가 $60^{\circ}C$에서 가장 많이 추출(抽出)되어 거의 90%까지 추출(抽出)이 가능하였으며 추출시간(抽出時間)은 10분 후 많은 차이(差異)를 나타내지 않았으나 60분에서 가장 높은 경향을 나타내고 있다. 일반적으로 freeze-dry한 번데기분(粉)은 oven-dry한 것보다 질소의 추출성(抽出性)이 약간 좋은 결과(結果)를 나타내었다. (3) 추출(抽出)에 미치는 pH의 영향은 pH 1.0에서 pH 11.0까지는 20%이하로 그 추출도(抽出度)가 낮았으나 pH 11.0이상에서 추출도는 급격히 증가(增加)하여 pH 13.0에서 60%이상 추출(抽出)이 가능하였다.