The Effect of Moisture Content on the Compressive Properties of Korean Corn Kernel

함수율(含水率)이 옥수수립(粒)의 압축특성(壓縮特性)에 미치는 영향(影響)

  • Lee, Han Man (Graduate School, Chungnam Nat'l Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Soung Rai (Dept. of Agricultural Machinery Engineering Coll. of Agriculture, Chungnam Nat'l Univ.)
  • Published : 1986.06.30

Abstract

In order to promote mechanization of corn harvesting in Korea, this study was conducted to find out the effect of moisture content on compressive properties such as force, deformation, energy and modulus of stiffness to the bioyield and the rupture point for Korean corn kernel. In this study, the loading positions of corn were flat, edge, longitude and the moisture contents were about 13, 17, 21, 25% in wet basis. The compression test was carreied out with flat plate by use of dynamic straingage for three varieties of Korean corn under quasi-static force when the loading rate was 1.125mm/min. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. When the moisture content of corn ranged from 12.5 to 24.5 percent, at flat position, the bioyied force was in the range of 13.63-26.73 kg and the maximum compressive strength was in the range of 21.55-47.65kg. Their values were reached minimum at about 17% and maximum at about 21% moisture content. The bioyield force was in the range of 13.58-6.70kg at edge position and the maximum compressive strength which was 16.42 to 7.82kg at edge position was lower than that which was 18.55-9.05kg at longitudinal position. 2. Deformation of corn varied from 0.43 to 1.37 mm at bioyield point and from 0.70 to 2.66mm at rupture point between 12.5 to 24.5% moisture content. As the moisture content increased, deformation was increased. 3. The moduli of resilience and toughness of corn ranged from 2.60 to 8.57kg. mm and from 6.41 to 34.36kg. mm when the moisture content ranged from 12.5 to 24.5 percent, respectively. As the moisture content increased, the modulus of toughness was increased at edge position and decreased at longitudinal position. And their values were equal each other at 22-23% moisture content. 4. The modulus of stiffness was decreased with increase in the moisture content. Its values ranged from 32.07 to 5.86 kg/mm at edge position and from 42.12 to 18.68kg/mm at flat position, respectively. Also, the values of Suweon 19 were higher than those of Buyeo. 5. It was considered that the compressive properties of corn at flat position were more important on the design data for corn harvesting and processing machinery than those of edge or longitudinal position. Also, grinding energy would be minimized when a corn was processed between about 12.5 to 17% moisture content and corn damage would be reduced when a corn was handled between about 19 to 24% moisture content in wet basis.

옥수수 수확(收穫)의 기계화(機械化) 사업(事業)을 촉진(促進)시키기 위(爲)하여, 옥수수립(粒)의 제반압축특성(諸般壓縮特性)을 규명(糾明)하며 모든 기계화(機械化) 작업도정(作業過程)에서 손상율(損傷率)이 최소(最小)로 되는 기계(機械)의 설계자료(設計資料)를 얻고자 함수율(含水率)이 옥수수립(粒)의 압축특성(壓縮特性)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 국내재배(國內栽培)한 3품종(品種)의 옥수수를 공시재료(供試材料)로 압축방향(壓縮方向)은 평면(平面), 측면(側面), 직립(直立)의 3 수준(水準), 함수율(含水率)은 약(約) 13, 17, 21, 25%(w.b)의 4수준(水準)으로 하고 재하속도(載荷速度) 1.125mm/min의 준(準) 정하량(靜荷重)에서 Straingage system을 이용(利用), 평판축시험(平板縮試驗)을 실시(實施)하여 옥수수의 강복점(降伏點) 및 파괴점(破壞點)에 대(對)한 압축응력(壓縮應力), 변형(變形), 에너지 및 강성계수(剛性係數)를 측정(測定), 분석(分析)하였으며 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 옥수수의 함수율(含水率)이 약(約)12.5~24.5%(w.b)의 범위(範圍)일 때 평면위치(平面位置)의 강복하중(降伏荷重)은 13.63~26.73kg, 최대압축강도(最大壓縮强度)는 21.55~47.65kg 으로 함수율(含水率)이 약(約) 17% 일 때 최소(最小), 약(約) 21% 일 때 최대(最大)였으며, 측면(側面) 강복하중(降伏重荷)은 13.58~6.70kg 이었고, 측면(側面)의 최대압축강도(最大壓縮强度) 16.42~7.82kg은 직립(直立)의 최대압축강도(最大壓縮强度)인 18.55~9.05kg 보다 약간 작게 나타났다. 2. 함수율(含水率)이 약(約) 12.5~24.5%의 범위(範圍)에서, 강복변형(降伏變形)은 0.43~1.37mm, 파괴변형(破壞變形)은 0.70~2.66mm로 함수율(含水率)에 비례(比例) 변형(變形)하였으며 함수율(含水率)이 높을수록 변형율(變形率)도 증가(增加)하였다. 3. 옥수수의 함수율(含水率)이 약(約) 12.5~24.5%일 때, 탄성(彈性)에너지는 $2.60{\sim}8.57kg{\cdot}mm$, 인성에너지는 $6.41{\sim}34.36.kg{\cdot}mm$로 함수율(含水率)이 증가(增加)할수록 측면(側面)의 인성에너지는 증가(增加)하였고, 직립(直立)의 경우에 감소(減少)하여 22~23%의 함수율(含水率) 구간(區間)에서 측면(側面)과 직립(直立)에 압축(壓縮)에 관(關)한 인성에너지의 값은 동일(同一)하였다. 4. 강성계수(剛性系數)는 함수율(含水率)의 증가(增加)에 따라 감소(減少)하였고, 측면(側面)의 32.07~5.86kg/mm 보다 평면압축(平面壓縮)에서 42.12~18.68kg/mm로 컸으며 수원(水原)19호(號)가 부여계통(扶餘系統)보다 크게 나타났다. 5. 옥수수는 평면(平面)에 관(關)한 압축특성(壓縮特性)이 각종(各種) 기계(機械) 설계(設計)의 자료(資料)로 가장 중요(重要)하며, 함수율(含水率)이 약(約) 12.5~17%(w.b)일 때 최소(最少)의 분쇄(粉碎)에너지가 소요(所要)되며, 약(約) 19~24%(w.b)의 함수율(含水率)에서 옥수수를 조작(操作)할 때 곡립손상(穀粒損傷)을 감소(減少)시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

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