The Formation of N-nitrosamine in Alaska Pollack during its Drying

명태의 건조중 N-nitrosamine의 생성

Dried alaska pollack is one of the representatives among dried marine fish and shellfish products in our country. This study was performed to obtain the basic data about the effect of drying method on the formation of N-nitrosamine and its precursor to ensure the safety of dried alaska pollack. The contents of nitrate and nitrite were detected 1.5 and <1.0 mg/kg in raw samples, and $3.0\~4.2,\;1.4\~2.7mg/kg$ in dried products, respectively. There was no significant change of betaine contents during drying while TMAO decreased, TMA and DMA increased in alaska pollack during d교ing. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was only detected in alaska pollack and its dried products, and recovery from above samples spiked with $10{\mu}/kg$ for N-nitrosodipropylamine was $87.2\~107.4\%$. The levels of NDMA were found to be $2.8{\mu}/kg$ on an average in raw samples, but the levels of NDMA increased remarkably during drying of alaska pollack and its content in dried products was $8.7\~51.4{\mu}g/kg$. Regardless of drying methods, NDMA tend to increased in dried products, and its contents were 15.5 times higher in hot-air dried than raw samples, 9.0 times in sun dried and 4.4 times in freeze dried products. less NDMA was produced in the freeze dried products, so it is believed that freeze drying method is effective to decrease the NDMA levels in the dried products of alaska pollack.

우리나라의 대표적인 건제품중의 하나인 건조명태의 안전성 평가를 위한 기초자료를 얻고져, 명태 건조중 건조방법이 발암성 N-nitrosamine 및 그 전구물질의 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 명태의 생시료중 질산염 및 아질산염 질소는 각각 1.5,<1.0mg/kg이었으나 건제품에서는 각각 $3.0\~4.2,\;1.4\~2.7mg/kg$의 범위였으며, 대체로 열풍건제품에서 그 함량이 높았다. 명태 건조중 아민류의 함량변화를 보면 betaine은 건조중 별다른 양적 변화를 보이지 않았고, TMAO는 건조중 감소하는 반면에 TMA및 DMA는 계속 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 검출된 NA는 N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)뿐이었고, $10{\mu}/kg$의 N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA)을 시료에 첨가하여 회수율을 시험한 결과 $87.2\~107.4\%$였다. 명태의 생시료중 NDMA는 평균 $2.8{\mu}/kg$이었으나 건제품에서는 $8.7\~51.4{\mu}/kg$으로서 건조 방법에 따라 상당한 함량차를 보여 천일건제품은 생시료에 비해 평균 9.0배, 열풍건제품은 평균 15.5배 그리고 동결건제품은 평균 4.4배였다. 일반적으로 NDMA의 생성을 최소화시키기 위해서는 동결건조법이 효과적이었다.