Abstract
In order to improve the quality of traditional kochujang, condiments like garlic and onion were added to kochujang and their effect on microbial characteristics, enzyme activities and taste components were investigated during fermentation. Viable cells of yeasts in the kochujang decreased with the increasing ratio of garlic. However, aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts did not show any remarkable differences in the garlic or onion added kochujang, they decreased slowly after $6{\sim}10$ weeks of fermentation. The activity of liquefying amylase in kochujang decreased slowly during $2{\sim}10$ weeks of fermentation, but that of saccharifying amylase increased remarkably at $14{\sim}18$ weeks. Amylase activities increased at the late period of fermentation in garlic or onion added kochujang. Protease activities of kochujang were strong in the middle of fermentation, but they decreased by addition of garlic or onion. The major free sugars in kochujang were glucose and fructose, and their contents increased as the ratio of garlic increased. The major organic acids in kochujang were succinic, malic and oxalic acid, and they also decreased by addition of garlic and onion. The contents of total free amino acids and amino nitrogen were the highest in 2% garlic added kochujang. The major free amino acid were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, alanine, leucine, isoleucine and arginine. Serine, glutamic acid, lysine and arginine contents in increased by adding garlic or onion.
전통고추장의 품질개선과 기호성 향상을 위하여 마늘과 양파를 $0{\sim}6%$ 첨가하여 고추장을 제조하고 22주간 숙성시키면서 미생물상과 효소활성도의 변화 및 맛 성분을 검토하였다. 고추장의 효모수는 마늘의 첨가량이 증가할수록 현저히 감소하였으나, 호기성 세균과 혐기성 세균의 증식에는 영향이 적었고 숙성 $6{\sim}10$주 이후에 서서히 감소하였다. 고추장의 전분 액화력은 숙성 $2{\sim}10$주 이후에 감소하였으나 전분 당화력은 숙성 $14{\sim}18$주 경에 현저히 증가하였다. 전분 분해력은 마늘이나 양파 첨가로 숙성 후기에 높은 활성을 유지하였다. 단백질 분해력은 숙성 중기에 높은 활성을 보였으며 마늘이나 양파의 첨가로 낮아졌다. 22주간 숙성시킨 고추장의 유리당은 glucose가 대부분이고 다음으로 fructose이었으며 마늘 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 고추장의 유기산은 succinic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid가 대부분이었고 마늘이나 양파 첨가시 감소하였다. 고추장의 아미노산성 질소는 마늘 2% 첨가시 높았고, 주요 유리아미노산은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine이었다. 마늘이나 양파 첨가로 고추장의 serine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine 함량은 증가하였다.