Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지

Properties of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) released by Three Species of Blue- green Algae

남조류에 의해 배출된 용존유기탄소의 특성

  • Choi, Kwang-Soon (Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Imai, Akio (National Institute for Environmental Studies) ;
  • Kim, Bom-Chul (Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Matsushige, Kazuo (National Institute for Environmental Studies)
  • Published : 2001.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The amount, chemical composition and optical property of extracellular dissolved organic carbon (EOC) by phytoplankton were examined using axenic cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena flos-aquae, and Oscillatoria agardhii. The extracellular organic matter was categorized into five fractions (hydrophobic acids; AHSs, hydrophobic neutrals; HoNs, hydrophilic acids; HiAs, hydrophilic bases; HiBs, and hydrophilic neutrals; HiNs) using three adsorbent resins(XAD-8, cation, and anion). The release pattern and chemical composition of EOC varied with algal species and their growth phases. Percentage of extracellular release increased with age in all cultures. HiAs were the dominant component of EOC in all cultures, whereas the proportion of HiAs decreased with age in all cultures. In contrast, the proportions of HiBs and HiNs increased as cultures aged. In particular, the HiN fraction increased from 0% to 44% of EOC in M. aeruginosa and from 3.0% to 28% in A. flos-aquae, respectively. The proportion of AHSs was higher in the cultures of A. flos-aquae(7.5${\sim}$16%) and O. agardhii (8.7${\sim}$16%) than M. aeruginosa(0.2${\sim}$2.5%). The proportions of AHSs increased with culture age in M. aeruginosa and O. agardhii, but decreased in A. flos-aquae. The specific UV absorbance also varied among species; 1.9 Abs${\cdot}$cm$^{-1}$/mgC${\cdot}$L$^{-1}$ for M. aeruginosa, 3.7 Abs${\cdot}$cm$^{-1}$/mgC${\cdot}$L$^{-1}$ for A. flos-aquae, and 13.0 Abs${\cdot}$cm$^{-1}$/mgC${\cdot}$L^{-1}$ for O. agardhii. The results of this study indicates that DOC excreted by three blue-green algae differed with species and the growth phase.

순수 배양한 남조류 3종 (Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena flos-aquae, Oscillatoria agardhii)을 대상으로 식물플랑크톤에 의한 체외배출 용존유기탄소(extracelluar dissolved organic carbon:EOC)의 배출양상, 화학적성분, 자외선흡광 특성을 연구하였다. EOC의 화학적성분은 XAD-8, 양이온, 음이온수지를 이용하여 소수성 산 (hydrophobic acids; AHSs), 소수성 중성 (hydrophobic neutrals: HoNs), 친수성 산 (hydrophilic acids; HiAs), 친수성 염기 (hydrophilic bases; HiBs), 그리고 친수성 중성 (hydrophilic neutrals; HiNs)으로 분류하였다. 3종의 남조류로부터 배출된 EOC의양과 화학적조성은 종마다 상이하였고, 조류의 성장단계에 따라서도 다르게 나타났다. HiAs성분은 남조류가 배출한 EOC의 가장 많은 부분(25${\sim}$92%)을 차지했고, 정체기로 갈수록 HiAs성분이 차지하는 비율이 감소하였다. 반면, HiBs와 HiNs 성분은 정체기로 진행될수록 비율이 증가하였다. 특히 HiNs성분은 성장초기에는 거의 배출되지 않다가 정체기에서는 전체 EOC의 상당한 부분을 차지하였다 (M. aeruginosa: 44%, A. flos-aquae: 28%). AHSs성분은 M. aeruginosa에서 0.2${\sim}$2.5%로 매우 작았지만, A. flos-aquae(8.7${\sim}$16%)와 O. agardhii (7.5${\sim}$16%)에서는 상당한 부분을 차지했다. 그러나 AHSs의 배출은 M. aeruginosa와 O. agardhii에서 성장이 진행될수록 증가한 반면, A. flos-aquae에서는 반대의 경향을 보였다. 남조류에 의해 배출된 EOC의 자외선흡광 특성도 종에 따라 상이한 결과를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 남조류의 종과 성장단계에 따라 배출되는 용존유기물의 특성이 다르다는 것을 시사한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Arch. Microbiol. v.24 Excretion of organic compounds by Chlamydomonas Allen, M. B.
  2. Nature v.369 Rapid cycling of high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter in the ocean Amon, R.M.W.;R. Benner
  3. Limnol. Oceanogr. v.36 The Production of dissolved organic mater by phytoplankton and its important to bacteria: patterns across marine and freshwater system Baines, S.B.;M.L. Pace
  4. Nature v.371 Annual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the northweatern Sargasso Sea Carlson, C.A.;H.W. Ducklow;A. F. Michaels
  5. Arch. Hydrobiol. v.138 Respose of bacterial communites to changed in composition of extracellular organic carbon from phytoplankton in Daechung Reservoir(Korea) Cho, J.C.;M.W. Kim;D.H. Lee;S.J. Kim
  6. Kieler Meeresforsch. Sonderh. v.5 The composition and bacterial utilization of DOC relaeased by phytoplankton Chrost, R.H.
  7. Acta. Microbiol. Pol. v.29 Molecular weight fraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by phytoplankton Chrost, R.H.;M.A. Faust
  8. J. Plankton Res. v.5 Organic carbon release by phytoplankton: its composition and utilization by bacterioplankton Chrost, R.H.;M.A. Faust
  9. Limnol. Oceanogr. v.27 Photosynthetically produced dissolved organic carbon: An important carbon sources for planktonic bacteria Cole, J.J.;G.E. Likens;D.L. Strayer
  10. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B. v.139 The production of extracellular nitrogeneous substances by a bluegreen alga Fogg, G.E.
  11. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergeb. Limnol. v.5 Extracellular products of algae in freshwater Fogg, G.E.
  12. Botanica Marina. v.26 The ecological significance of extracellualr products of phytoplankton photosynthesis Fogg, G.E.
  13. Aquatic Sci. v.58 Dissolved organic carbon in a eutrophic lake; dynamics, biodegradability and origin Fukushima, T.;J.C. Park;A. Imai;K. Matsushige
  14. Arch. Hydrobiol. v.109 Pattern of organic matter production by natural phytoplankton population in a europhic lake. 2. Extracellular products Hama, T.;N. Handa
  15. Limnol. Oceanogr. v.10 Excretion of some organic compounds by marine phytoplankton Hellebust, J.A.
  16. Acrch. Hydrobiol. v.113 Extracellular release of organic matter associated with the physiological state of freshwater blue-green algae Hino, S.
  17. Jpn. J. Limnol. v.59 Fractionation of dissolved organic carbon from waters of Lake Biwa and its inglowing rivers Imai, A.;T. Fukushima;K. Matsushige;T. Inoue;T. Ishibashi
  18. Kieler Meeresforsch. v.5 Phytoplankton photoassimilated extrcellular products: heterotrophic utilization in marine environments Iturriaga, R.
  19. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. v.22 Specific activity. Significance in esteimating release rates of extracellular dissolved organic carbon (EOC) by algae Jensen, L.M;O.N.G. Jorgensen;M. Sondergaard
  20. Limnol. Oceanogr. v.23 Release of dissolved organic carbon by grazing zooplankton Lamper, W.
  21. Limnoecology. 96-97 Lampert, W.;U. Sommer
  22. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. v.18 Extracellular relaease of small and large molecules by phytoplankton in the southern bight of the North Sea Lancelot, C.
  23. Kor. J. Wat. Qual. v.12 Exceretion of dissolved organic substances in the photosynthesis and autolysis process of Cyanobacterium (Blue-green algae) Lee, E.S.;H.D. Lee
  24. Environ. Sci. Technol. v.15 comprehensive approach to preparative isolation and fraction of dissolved organic carbon from natural waters and waste waters Leenheer, J.A.
  25. Can. J. Microbiol. v.2 Extracellular polysaccarides of green algae Lewin, R.A.
  26. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. v.68 Excretion of grganic carbon by phytoplankton: Its relation to algal biomass, primary productivity and bacterial secondary productivity in Baltic Sea Lignell, R.
  27. Limnol. Oceanogr. v.25 Extracellular release of carbon by marine phytoplankton; a physiological approach Mague, T.H.;E. Friberg;D.J. Hughes;I. Morris
  28. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. v.14 Methanol and acetone as solvents for estimating chlorophyll a and phaepigments by spectrophotometry Marker, A.F.H.;C.A. Crowther;R.J.M. Gunn
  29. Hydrobiologia v.229 Sources, concentrations and characteristics of organic mater in softwater lakes and steams of the Swedish forest region Meili, M.
  30. Aquatic microbial ecology Origin, composition and microbial utilazation of dissolved organic matter Munster, U.;R.J. Chrost;J. Overbeck(ed.);R.J. Chrost(ed.)
  31. Hydrobiologia v.339 Bacterial response to extracellular dissolved organic carbon released from healthy and senescent Fragilaria crotonensis (Bacillariophyceae) in experimental systems Nakano, S.I.
  32. Aquatic microbiological communities Extracellular release in freshwater algae and bacteria: extracellular products of algae as a source of carbon for heterotrophs Nalewajko, C.;J. Cairns, Jr.(ed.)
  33. J. Phycol. v.8 Growth and excretion in planktonic algae and bacteria Nalewajko, C.;D.R.S. Lean
  34. Can. J. Bot. v.47 Extracellular production in relation to growth of four planktonic algae and of phytoplankton populations for Lake Ontario Nalewajko, C.;L. Marin
  35. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. v.54 Production of labile and refractory dissolved organic carbon by zooplankton excretion: an experimental study using large outdoor continuous flwo-through pond Park, J.C.;M. Aizaki;T. Fukushima;A. Otsuki
  36. Carbon dynamics in eutrophic temperate lakes Riemann, B.;M. Sφndergaard
  37. Soil Organic Matter Studies v.2 Recent findings on the characterization of humic substances extracted from soils from widely differing climatic zones Schnitzer, M.
  38. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. v.18 Some observations on the microbial degradation of humus substances in water Sederholm, H.;A. Mauranen;L. Montonen
  39. Microbial ecology of Lake Pluβsee, Ecolocal studies v.105 Phytoplankton-Excreted Organic carbon Sell, A.F.;J. Overbeck(ed.);R.J. Chr(ed.)
  40. Limnol. Oceanogr. v.22 Excretion of organic matter by marine phytoplankton: Do healthy cells do it? Sharp, J.H.
  41. Arch. Hydrobiol. v.121 Composition and bacterial utilization of photosynthetically produced organic matter in an eutrophic lake Siuda, W.;R. Wcisko;R.J. Chrost
  42. Oikos. v.45 Extracelluilar organic carbon (EOC) released by phytoplankton and bacterial production Sφdergaard, M.;B. Riemann;N.O.G. Jφrgensen
  43. Freshwat. Biol. v.12 Release of extracellular organic carbon during a diatom bloom in Lake Mossφ: molecular weight fractionation Sφdergaard, M.;H.H. Schierup
  44. Arch. Hydrobiol. v.92 Dissolved humic materials: photodegradation, sediment effects, and reactivity with posphate and calcium carbonate precipitation Stewart, A.J.;R.G. Wetzel
  45. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.58 Biochemical compostion of dissolved organic carbon derived from phytoplankton and used by heterotrophic bacteria Sundh, I.
  46. Wat. Res. v.12 Treatability evalution of general organic matter. Matrix conception and its application for a regional water and waste water system Tambo, N.;T. Kamei
  47. Aquatic Humic Substances: Influence on fate and treatment of pollutants Evalutation of extent of humic-substance removal by coaguation Tambo, N.;T. Kamei;I.H. Suffet(ed.);P. MacCarthy(ed.)
  48. Jpn. J. Limnol. v.35 The excretion of photosynthetic product by natural phytoplankton population in Lake Biwa Tanaka, N.;M. Nakanishi;H. Kadota
  49. Organic geochemistry of natural waters Thurman, E.M.
  50. Environ. Sci. Technol. v.15 Preparative isolation of aquatic humic substances Thurman, E.M.;R.L. Malcolm
  51. Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol. v.65 A study of the excretion and extracellular products of natural phytoplankton in Lake Nakanuma Watanabe, Y.
  52. Jpn. Limnol. v.45 Transformation and decomposition of photosynthetic products of lake phytoplankton Watanbe, Y.
  53. J. Exp. Bot. v.17 The kinetics of extracellular glycollate production by Chlorella pyrenoidosa Watt, W.D.;G.E. Fogg
  54. Nutrients and Eutrophication: The Limiting-Nutrient Controversy The role of carbon in hard-water marl lakes Wetzel, R.G.;G. E. Likens(ed.)
  55. Limnology Wetzel, R.G.
  56. Wat. Res. v.23 Circulation of pedogenic and aquagenic organic matter in an eutrophic lake Zumstein, J.;J. buffle
  57. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. v.34 Production and utilization of organic matter by microplankton in an eutrophic lake Siuda, W.;R. Wcisko