정보처리학회논문지A (The KIPS Transactions:PartA)

한국정보처리학회 (Korea Information Processing Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

지형 렌더링을 위한 효율적인 자료 구조와 알고리즘

Efficient Data Structures and Algorithms for Terrain Data Visualization

  • 정문주 (성균관대학교 대학원 정보통신공학부) ;
  • 한정현 (성균관대학교 정보통신공학부)
  • 발행 : 2002.12.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

대화적인 멀티미디어 시스템 구현에 있어, 실시간 가시화/시각화(visualization)는 중요한 기능을 한다. 된 논문은 실시간 지형 렌더링을 위한 효율적인 자료 구조와 알고리즘을 제안한다. 대개의 경우, 지형 데이터는 매우 방대한 크기를 가지고 있어서 있는 데이터를 그대로 실시간 렌더링하는 것은 불가능할 경우가 많다. 따라서 실시간 지형 렌더링에서는 LOD(Levels of Detail) 관리와 뷰 프러스텀 컬링이 핵심 사항이 된다. 본 논문은 계층적이면서도 간결한 지형 자료 구조, 신속한 뷰 프러스텀 컬링, 효율적인 LOD 구축 및 이에 기반한 렌더링 기법을 상세히 기술한다. 실험 결과, 제안된 기법은 일반 PC 사양에서 초당 22 프레임의 렌더링 속도를 보였다.

In implementing interactive multimedia systems, real-time visualization plays an important role. This paper presents efficient data structures and algorithms for real-time terrain navigation. Terrain data set is usually too huge to display as is. Therefore LOD (levels of detail) methods and view frustum culling are essential tools. This paper describes in detail compact hierarchical data structures, fast view frustum culling, and efficient LOD construction/rendering algorithms. Unlike previous works, we use a precise screen-space error metric for vertex removal and a strict error threshold allowing sub-pixel -sized errors only. Nevertheless, we can achieve 22 fps on average in a PC platform. The methods presented in this paper also satisfy almost all of the requirements for interactive real-time terrain Visualization.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Balmelli, L., Kovacevic. J., and Vetterli, M., 'Quadtrces for Embedded Surface Visualization : Constraints and Efficient Data Structures,' Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Vol.2, pp.487-491, Oct., 1999 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.1999.822944
  2. Blow, J., 'Terrain Rendering at High Levels of Detail,' Proceedings of the 2000 Game Developers Conference, Mar., 2000
  3. Castle, L., Lanier, J., and McNeill, J., 'Real-time Continuous Level of Detail (LOD) for PCs and Consoles,' Technical Presentation GDC, 2000
  4. De Berg, M., and Dobrindt, K. T. G., 'On Levels of Detail in Terrains,' 11th ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry, Jun., 1995 https://doi.org/10.1145/220279.220334
  5. Duchaineau, M. A., Wolinsky, M., Sigeti, D. E., Miller, M. C., Aldrich, C., and Mineev-Weinstein, M B., 'ROAMing Terrain: Real-time Optimally Adapting Meshes,' IEEE Visualization '97, pp.81 -88, Nov., 1997 https://doi.org/10.1109/VISUAL.1997.663860
  6. Ferguson, R. L., Economy, R., Kelly, W. A., and Ramos, P. P., 'Continuous Terrain Level of Detail for Visual Simulation,' Proceedings IMAGE V Conference, pp.144-151, Jun., 1990
  7. Garland, M., and Heckbert, P. S., 'Fast Polygonal Approximation of Terrains and Height Fields,' Technical Report CMU-CS-95-181, CS Dept., Carnegie Mellon U., 1995
  8. Garland, M., and Heckbert, P., 'Surface Simplification Using Quadric Error Metrics,' Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '97, pp.209-216, Aug., 1997 https://doi.org/10.1145/258734.258849
  9. Gross, M., Gatti, R., and Staadt, O., 'Fast Multiresolution Surface Meshing,' IEEE Visualization '95, pp.135-142, Oct., 1995 https://doi.org/10.1109/VISUAL.1995.480805
  10. Heckbert, P. S., Garland, M., 'Multiresolution Modeling for Fast Rendering,' Proceedings of Graphics Interface '94, pp.43-50, May, 1994
  11. Hoppe, H., 'Progressive Meshes,' Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '96. pp.99-108, Aug., 1996 https://doi.org/10.1145/237170.237216
  12. Hoppe, H., 'View-Dependent Refinement of Progressive Meshes,' Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '97, pp.189-198, Aug., 1997 https://doi.org/10.1145/258734.258843
  13. Hoppe, H., 'Smooth View-Dependent Level-of-Detail Control and its Application to Terrain Rendering,' IEEE Visualization'98, pp.35-42, Oct., 1998 https://doi.org/10.1109/VISUAL.1998.745282
  14. Lindstrom, P., Koller, D., Ribarsky, W., Hodges, L. F., Faust, N., and Turner, G. A., 'Real-Time, Continuous Level of Detail Rendering of Height Fields,' Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '96, pp.109-118, Aug., 1996 https://doi.org/10.1145/237170.237217
  15. Lindstrom, P., and Pascucci, V., Visualization of Large Terrains Made Easy, IEEE Visualization 2001, pp.363 -370, Oct., 2001
  16. Ogren, A., Continuous Level of Detail in Real-Time Rendering, Master's Thesis, 2000
  17. QpenGL Architecture Review Board, OpenGL Reference Manual, Addison-Wesley, 2000
  18. Pajarola, R. B., Large Scale Terrain Visualization Using the Restricted Quadtree Triangulation, IEEE Visualization '98, pp.19-26, Oct., 1998 https://doi.org/10.1109/VISUAL.1998.745280
  19. Rottger, S., Heidrich, W., Slussallek, P., and Seidel, H. -P., Real- Time Generation of Continuous Levels of Detail for Height Fields, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics and Visualization, pp.315-322, Feb., 1998
  20. Samet, H., The Quadtree and Related Hierarchical Data Structures, ACM Computing Surveys, Vol.16, No.2, pp.187-260, Jun., 1984 https://doi.org/10.1145/356924.356930
  21. Samet. H., Applications of Spatial Data Structures: Computer Graphics, Image Processing, and GIS, Addison-Wesley, 1989
  22. Schroeder, W. J., Zarge, J. A, and Lorenson, W. E., Decimation of Triangle Meshes, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '92, pp.65-70, Jul., 1992 https://doi.org/10.1145/133994.134010
  23. Xia, J. C., and Varshney, A, Dynamic View-Dependent Simplification for Polygonal Models, IEEE Visualisation '96, pp.327-334, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568126
  24. Xia, J. C., EI-Sana, J., and Varshney, A, Adaptive Real-Time Level-of-Detail-Based Rendering for Polygonal Models, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Vol.3, No.2, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1109/2945.597799
  25. Youbing, Z., Ji. Z., Iiaoying, S., and Zhigeng, P., A Fast Algorithm for Large Scale Terrain Walkthrough, CAD&Graphics 2001, Aug., 2001