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Relations Between the Dietary Habit and Academic Achievement, Subjective Health Judgement, Physical Status of High School Students

고등학생의 식습관과 학업성취도, 주관적 건강상태 및 체격과의 관계 연구

  • 최정숙 (농촌진흥청 농촌생활연구소) ;
  • 전혜경 (농촌진흥청 농촌생활연구소) ;
  • 정금주 (농촌진흥청 농촌생활연구소) ;
  • 남희정 (명지대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2003.06.01

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the relations between dietary habit and academic achievement, subjective health judgement, and physical status. The subjects consisted of freshmen in university and answered to questionnaires through the Internet. The questionnaire consists of the dietary habit, academic achievement (College Scholastic Ability Test), subjective health judgement, and physical status during their 3$^{rd}$ grade in high school days. Data were collected from 3,612 people. Over 33% of respondents had their breakfast daily. Subjects who had breakfast below twice per week were 37.9%. The major reason of skipping breakfast was lack of time to eat breakfast (62.8%). The subjects who recognized the importance of breakfast were 80.6% (p<0.001). More than half (52.7%) thought that dinner was most tasty. People who ate breakfast regularly had a tendency to recognize their health state were in good health (p<0.01). There was no significant difference of BMI (body mass index) according to the frequency of breakfast per week. The subjects who had their breakfast regularly and well-balanced dietary habit reported higher marks in the College Scholastic Ability Test. In contrast, the subjects who rarely had breakfast showed poor marks of academic achievement and subjective health judgement. According to these results, a good dietary habit is considered to be important to academic achievement and confidence in health. Therefore we suggest the school breakfast program and nutrition education program should be required for teenagers. In addition, the findings from this study would provide the basic information for nutrition education in Korean teenagers..

식습관과 주관적인 건강상태, 학업성취도(수학능력평가성적), 체격과의 관계를 알아보기 위해서 대학교 1년생을 대상으로 인터넷을 통하여 조사하였으며 조사 대상자수는 남자 1,030명, 여자 2,582명으로 전체 3,612명이었다. 1. 조사대상자의 가구 연평균 소득은 2000만원 미만 39.2%, 2000~3000만원 36.5%, 3000~4000만원 15.9%, 4000만원 이상 8.4%이었다. 평균신장은 남학생 173.3 cm,여학생 161.6 cm이었고 평균체중은 남학생과 여학생이 각각 65.6 kg, 53.9 kg이었다. 2. 아침을 매일 먹었다고 응답한 사람이 33.2%이었으며 반면 1주일에 한두 번 이하로 먹었다고 응답한 사람은 37.9%이었다. 건강에 가장 중요하다고 생각하는 식사는 전체응답자의 80.6%가 아침식사라고 응답하였다. 반면 가장 맛있게 한 식사는 52.7%가 저녁이라고 응답하였다. 아침은 누구와 먹었나에 대한 질문에서 ‘혼자서 먹었다’가 전체 57.5%로 가장 높았다. 3. 아침을 먹은 장소는 87.5%가 ‘집에서’라고 응답하였으며 고등학교 아침급식의 필요성에 대하여 전체 60.8%가 필요하다고 응답하였다. 아침식사를 하지 못한 이유는 ‘시간이 없어서’가 전체 조사자의 62.8%로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 아침식사 형태에 있어서는 한식으로 매일 한 경우가 38.4%로 가장 높은 비율을 나타내었다. 4. 아침식사를 규칙적으로 하는 사람은 그렇지 않은 사람에 비하여 훨씬 건강한 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 5. 아침식사를 매일 먹은 사람이 수학능력 평가점수가 가장 높았던 반면 아침을 주 2일 이하로 거의 아침을 먹지 않았다고 응답한 사람이 수학능력 평가점수가 가장 좋지 않았다. 한편 아침식사는 비만정도(BMI)에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 6. 균형 잡힌 식사를 규칙적으로 하고 채소류와 과일, 콩류와 유제품 등을 매일 먹는 소위 식습관이 좋은 사람이 수학능력평가점수가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 위의 결과로 볼 때 건강에 가장 중요한 식사라고 인식하고 있으나 결식률이 높은 아침 식사를 청소년들이 맛있게 할 수 있는 방안을 마련해야 할 것이다. 그리고 아침식사의 결식이 학생의 학업성취도와 무관하지 않음이 밝혀졌으므로 청소년의 아침결식에 대한 세부적인 연구조사와 이를 개선할 수 있는 학교 아침급식 프로그램 도입 등이 필요하다고 사료된다. 또한 결식은 건강에 대한 자신감에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으므로 규칙적인 식사와 1일 3식에 대한 중요성을 인식시킬 수 있는 영양교육을 실시하여야 할 것이다. 균형 잡힌 식사를 규칙적으로 하고 채소류와 과일, 콩류와 유제품 등을 매일 먹는 소위 식습관이 좋은 사람이 수학능력평가점수가 좋은 것으로 나타난 반면 비만정도(BMI)에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났으므로 청소년 각자의 식습관 및 식품 섭취에 대한 관심을 고취시킬 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

Keywords

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