BMB Reports

Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (생화학분자생물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Localization of Germin Genes and Their Products in Developing Wheat Coleoptiles

  • Caliskan, Mahmut (Mustafa Kemal Universitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Biyoloji Bolumu) ;
  • Ozcan, Birgul (Mustafa Kemal Universitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Biyoloji Bolumu) ;
  • Turan, Cemal (Mustafa Kemal Universitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Biyoloji Bolumu) ;
  • Cuming, Andrew C. (University of Leeds, Biology Department)
  • Published : 2004.05.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Germination is a process which characterized with nescient synthesis of genes. Among the genes synthesized during the germination of wheat embryos, germin genes, proteins and their enzymatic activity were defined. Germin is a water soluble homopentameric glycoprotein which is remarkable resistant to degradation by a broad range of proteases including pepsin. Germin proteins found to have strong oxalate oxidase activity which produces hydrogen peroxide by degrading oxalic acid. The current study, aimed to localize the germin genes, proteins and enzymatic activities in developing coleoptiles which is a rapidly growing protective tissue of leaf primordium and shoot apex. Non-radioactively abeled germin riboprobes were employed to localize germin mRNAs in situ. FITC (Fluorescein isothiocyanate) and alkaline phosphatase linked anti-germin antibodies were used to localize germin proteins under the fluorescence and light microscopy and finally germin enzymatic activity was localized by using appropriate enzyme assay. The results revealed that in coleoptiles germin genes, proteins and their enzymatic activity were predominantly associated with the cells of epidermis and vascular bundle sheath cells.

Keywords

References

  1. Caliskan, M. (2000) Germin, an oxalate oxidase, has a function in many aspects of plant life. Turk. J. Biol. 24, 717-724.
  2. Caliskan, M. (2000) The metabolism of oxalic acid. Turk. J. Zool. 24, 103-106.
  3. Caliskan, M. (2001) In situ localization of germin gene expression during auxin induced callus formation. Turk. J. Biol. 25, 387-396.
  4. Caliskan, M. and Cuming, A. C. (1998) Spatial specificity of $H_{2}O_{2}$-generating oxalate oxidase gene expression during wheat embryo development. Plant J. 15, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.1998.00191.x
  5. Caliskan, M. and Cuming, A. C. (2000) Temporal and spatial determination of germin biosynthesis in wheat tissues. Turk. J. Biol. 24, 775-782.
  6. Cox, K. H., Deleon, D. V., Angerer, L. M. and Angerer, R. C. (1984) Detection of mRNA in sea urchin embryos by in situ hybridization using asymmetric RNA probes. Dev. Biol. 101, 485-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(84)90162-3
  7. Bernier, F. and Berna, A. (2001) Germins and germin-like proteins: Plant do-all proteins. But what do they do exactly? Plant Physiol. Biochem. 39, 545-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0981-9428(01)01285-2
  8. Delseny, M., Gaubier, P., Hull, G., Saez-Vasquez, J., Gallois, P., Raynal, M., Cooke, R. and Grellet, F. (1994) Nuclear genes expressed during seed desiccation: Relationship with responses to stress; In Stress-Induced Gene Expression in Plants. Basra, A. S. (ed.), pp. 25-59, Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  9. Domon, J. M., Dumas, B., Laine, E., Meyer, Y., David, A. and David, H. (1995) Three glycosylated polypeptides secreted by several embryogenic cell cultures of pine show highly specific serological affinity to antibodies directed against the wheat germin apoprotein monomer. Plant Physiol. 108, 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.1.141
  10. Dumas, B., Sailland, A., Cheviet, J. P., Freyssinet, G. and Pallett, K. (1993) Identification of barley oxalate oxidase as a germinlike protein. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la vie/Life Sciences 316, 793-798.
  11. Dumas, B., Freyssinet, G. and Pallett, K. E. (1995) Tissue-specific expression of germin-like oxalate oxidase during development and fungal infection of barley seedling. Plant Physiol. 107, 1091-1096.
  12. Dunwell, J. M., Khuri, S. and Gane, P. J. (2000) Microbial relatives of the seed storage proteins of higher plants: Conservation of structure and diversification of function during evolution of the cubin superfamily. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Reviews 64, 153-179. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.64.1.153-179.2000
  13. Fry, S. C. (1989) Cellulases, hemicellulases and auxin-stimulated growth: a possible relationship. Physiol. Plantarum 75, 532-536. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb05620.x
  14. Grzelczak, Z. F. and Lane, B. G. (1984) Signal resistance of a soluble protein to enzymic proteolysis. An unorthodox approach to the isolation and purification of germin, a rare growth-related protein. Can. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 62, 1351-1353. https://doi.org/10.1139/o84-172
  15. Heintzen, C., Fischer, R., Melzer, S., Kappeler, S., Apel, K. and Staiger, D. (1994) Circadian oscillations of a transcript encoding a germin-like protein that is associated with cell walls in young leaves of the long day plant Sinapis alba L. Plant Physiol. 106, 905-915. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.3.905
  16. Hohl, M. and Schopfer, P. (1995) Rheological analysis of viscoelastic cell wall changes in maize coleoptiles as affected by auxin and osmotic stress. Physiol. Plantarum 94, 499-505. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb00960.x
  17. Jackson, D. P. (1991) In situ hybridization in plants; in Molecular Plant Pathology: a practical approach, Bowles, D. J., Gurr, S. J. and McPhereson, M. (Eds.), pp. 163-174, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  18. Kutschera, U. (1994) The current status of the acid-growth hypothesis. New Phytology 126, 549-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02951.x
  19. Lane, B. G. (1991) Cellular desiccation and hydration: developmentally regulated proteins, and the maturation and germination of seed embryos. FASEB J. 5, 2893-2901.
  20. Lane, B. G. (2002) Oxalate, germins, and higher-plant pathogens. IUBMB Life 53, 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/15216540211474
  21. McQueen-Mason, S., Durachko, D. M., and Cosgrove, D. J. (1992) Two endogenous proteins that induce cell wall extension in plants. Plant Cell 4, 1425-1433. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.4.11.1425
  22. McQueen-Mason, S. J. (1995) Expansions and cell wall expansion. J. Exp. Bot. 46, 1639-1650. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/46.11.1639
  23. Schopfer, P. (1993) Determination of auxin-dependent pH changes in coleoptile cell walls by a null-point method. Plant Physiol. 103, 351-357.
  24. Ward, G., Harbers, L. H. and Blaha, J. J. (1979) Calciumcontaining crystals in alfalfa: their fate in cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 62, 715-722. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(79)83314-7

Cited by

  1. Germin and Germin-like Proteins: Evolution, Structure, and Function vol.27, pp.5, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1080/07352680802333938
  2. Analysis of expression profiles of selected genes associated with the regenerative property and the receptivity to gene transfer during somatic embryogenesis in Triticum aestivum L. vol.40, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-013-2696-y