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Effects of Red Peppers on the Its Pungency and Color during Kimchi Fermentation

고춧가루가 발효중 김치의 매운맛과 색도에 미치는 영향

  • Published : 2004.07.01

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate preparation of reconstructed red peppers, effects of pungency and redness of red peppers on the Kimchi quality using central composite design and response surfaces methodology. Capsaicinoids and ASTA (American Spice Trading Association) value put in X$_1$, X$_2$ of independent variable. The result of response surface regression analysis of reconstructed red peppers, correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of overall pungency intensity, persistence and degree of redness was 0.935, 0.935 and 0.821, respectively. After it was made Kimchi samples with reconstructed red peppers, it was examined pH, titratable acidity and lactic acid bacteria of its during fermentation. In the initial fermentation period of Kimchi, it showed pH of 5.46∼5.78, titratable acidity of 0.27∼0.31%, salt content of 2.26∼2.48% and lactic acid bacteria of 4.05${\times}$10$^{5}$ ∼6.23${\times}$10$^{5}$ , respectively. And it showed traditional fermentation pattern in the pH, titratable acidity and microbes of the middle (appropriate fermentation) and last (excessive) fermentation period. While capsaicinoids content in the Kimchi decreased a little according to extend fermentation period, ASTA value showed low correlation reconstructed red pepper and fermentation period. Also, it was analyzed correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of independent variables (capsaicinoids, X$_1$; ASTA value, X$_2$) between sensory attribute in the Kimchi during fermentation. The result of regression analysis, $R^2$ in the overall pungency intensity, persistence and degree of redness showed 0.515, 0.675, 0.784, respectively.

김치의 중요한 부재료인 고춧가루를 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 매운맛 및 색도가 차이가 있는 고춧가루 제조 및 이를 첨가한 김치 제조 후 발효단계별 pH, 산도, 젖산균 수, 매운맛, 색도 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 재조합한 고춧가루의 매운맛 성분인 capsaicinoids 함량(X$_1$)과 ASTA값(X$_2$)을 독립 변수로 하여 관능검사 결과를 반응표면 분석법에 의해 회귀분석하여 도시한 결과 $R^2$값이 전체적인 매운맛 강도는 0.935, 매운맛이 지속되는 시간은 0.935, 붉은색 강도는 0.821였다. 한편 재조합된 고춧가루를 일정량 첨가하여 제조된 김치는 제조 직후, pH는 고춧가루에 상관없이 5.46∼5.78의 범위를 보였고, 적정산도는 0.27∼0.31%, 염농도는 2.26∼2.48%이었으며, 젖산균수는 4.05${\times}$$10^{5}$ ∼6.23${\times}$$10^{5}$ 의 범위를 보여, 발효의 진행에 따른 고춧가루의 영향은 크지 않았다. 그러나 김치 발효 단계별로 capsaicinoids 함량은 발효가 진행됨에 따라 감소하는 반면, ASTA 값은 고춧가루의 ASTA값과 큰 상관성이 없었다. 또 김치의 capsaicinoids 함량과 ASTA 값을 독립변수로 하여 각각의 관능검사 항목과 회귀분석한 결과 상관성을 나타내는 $R^2$값이 김치의 전체적인 매운맛 강도는 0.515, 매운맛을 지속하는 시간은 0.675, 붉은색 강도는 0.784였다.

Keywords

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