Key Technical Challenges for Integrated Sensors in Power Electronics and Motor Drives

  • Lorenz, Robert D. (Co-Director of WEMPEC, Dept. of Mech. Engr. and Dept. of Elect. & Comp. Engr. University of Wisconsin-Madison)
  • Published : 2004.12.01

Abstract

The paper presents technical issues which integrated sensors must address to be implemented in the next generation of power electronics and motor drives. The underlying goal of the sensor integration will be to improve reliability of power conversion systems while making the power converter and motor drive become the primary source of diagnostic signals for the application. The paper focuses on design methodologies that will allow this integration to succeed in meeting the technical demands for both reliability and for application level diagnostics.

Keywords

References

  1. K.Y. Kim, S.H. Lim, G.S. Park, M.H. Blamire and J.E Evetts, ‘Effects of the Shape Anisotropy on the Giant Magnetoresistance Properties,’ IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, Vol. 37, No. 6, November 2001
  2. P.F. Ladwig, I.F. Tsu, C.H. Chang and Y.A. Chang, ‘Thermal Modeling of Magnetoresistive Heads in Three Dimensions,’ IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, Vol. 37, No. 3, May 2001
  3. A.F. Md. Nor and E.W. Hill, ‘Noise power spectral density in single-strip NiFeCo-Cu GMR sensors’, IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, Volume: 38 Issue: 5 Part: 1 , Sep. 2002
  4. R.S. Popovic, P.M. Drljaca, and C.Schott, ‘Bridging the gap between AMR, GMR, and Hall magnetic sensors’, 23rd Intl. Conf. on Microelectronics (MIEL),. Vol: 1 , 2002
  5. E.W. Hill, ‘A Comparison of GMR Multilayer and Spin_Valve Sensors For Vector Field Sensing’, Magnetics Conf., INTERMAG 2000
  6. J.M. Daughton, ‘GMR and SDT Sensor Applications’, IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, Vol. 36, No. 5, September 2000
  7. C.H. Smith and R.W. Schneider, ‘Expanding the Horizons of Magnetic Sensing: GMR,’ Proc Sensors Expo Boston:139-14
  8. ‘Engineering and Application Notes, Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) Sensors’, Nonvolatile Electronics, Inc., www.nve.com, Sept. 1998
  9. E.R. Olson and R.D. Lorenz, ‘Integrating Giant Magnetoresistive Current and Thermal Sensors in Power Electronic Modules,’ IEEE APEC Conf., Miami, Feb. 9-13, 2003, pp. 773-777
  10. E.R. Olson, ‘Integration of Giant Magneto-resistive Current and Temperature Sensors in Power Electronic Modules’, MS ECE Thesis, Univ. of Wisconsin- Madison, Aug, 2003
  11. E.R. Olson and R.D. Lorenz, ‘GMR-Based Point Field Detection for High Bandwidth, High Fidelity Measurement of AC and DC Current in Bus Bars’, IEEE IAS Annual Conf., Seattle, WA, Oct. 3-7, 2004
  12. H.N. Shah, Y. Xiao, E. Olson, S-H. Park, W-K Lee, T.P. Chow, R.J. Gutmann, T.M. Jahns, and R.D. Lorenz, ‘Power Electronics Modules for Inverter Applications using Flip-Chip on Flex-Circuit Technology’, IEEE IAS Annual Conf., Seattle, WA, Oct. 3-7, 2004, pp. 1526-1533
  13. S. Chakrabarti, T.M. Jahns and R.D. Lorenz, ‘A Current Reconstruction Algorithm for Three-Phase Inverters Using Integrated Current Sensors in the Low-Side Switches,’ IEEE IAS 2003 Annual Conf., Salt Lake City, Utah, Oct. 12-16, 2003, pp. 925-932
  14. S. Chakrabati, T.M. Jahns, and R.D. Lorenz, ‘A Current Control Technique for Induction Machine Drives Using Integrated Pilot Current Sensors in the Low-Side Switches’, IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conf., Aachen, Germany, June 20-25, 2004, pp. 4453-4459
  15. Jun He, M.C. Shaw, J.C. Mather, and R.C. Addison Jr, 'Direct measurement and analysis of the timedependent evolution of stress in silicon devices and solder interconnections in power assemblies', IEEE IAS Annual Conf., St. Louis, MO, vol. 2, pp. 1038 – 1045, Oct. 1998
  16. Jun He, V. Mehrotra, and M.C. Shaw, ‘Thermal design and measurements of IGBT power modules: transient and steady state’, IEEE IAS Annual Conf., Phoenix, AZ, pp. 1440-1444, Oct. 1999
  17. A. Morozumi, K. Yamada, T. Miyasake, and Y. Seki, ‘Reliability of power cycling for IGBT power semiconductor modules,’ IEEE IAS Annual Conf., Chicago, IL, vol. 3, pp. 1912-1918, Oct. 2001
  18. M. Held, P. Jacob, G. Nicoletti, P. Scacco, and M.H. Poech, ‘Fast power cycling test for IGBT modules in traction application,’ IEEE Power Electronics and Drive Systems, vol. 1, pp. 425-430, 1997
  19. V. Blasko, R. Lukaszewski, and R. Sladky, ‘On-line thermal model and thermal management strategy of a three phase voltage source inverter,’ IEEE IAS Annual Conf., Phoenix, pp. 1423-1431, Oct. 1999
  20. D.A. Murdock, ‘Active Thermal Control of Power Electronic Modules’, M.S. ECE. Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2002
  21. J.E. Ramos, J.J. Connors, D.A. Murdock and R.D. Lorenz, ‘Active Thermal Control of Power Electronic Modules,’ IEEE IAS Annual Conf. Salt Lake City, Utah, Oct. 12-16, 2003, pp. 1511-1515
  22. P.L. Jansen and R.D. Lorenz, ‘Transducerless Position and Velocity Estimation in Induction and Salient AC Machines’, IEEE Trans. on Ind. Appl., March/April 1995, pp. 240-247
  23. P.L. Jansen and R.D. Lorenz, ‘Transducerless Field Orientation Concepts Employing Saturation-Induced Saliencies in Induction Machines’, IEEE Trans. on Ind. Appl., Nov./Dec. 1996, pp. 1380-1393
  24. M.W. Degner, R.D. Lorenz, ‘Using Multiple Saliencies for the Estimation of Flux, Position, and Velocity in AC Machines’, IEEE Trans. on Ind. Appl., Sept./Oct. 1998, pp. 1097-1104
  25. P.L. Jansen, M.J. Corley and R.D. Lorenz, 'Flux, Position, and Velocity Estimation in AC Machines at Zero Speed via Tracking of High Frequency Saliencies', EPE Journal, Vol. 9 , Aug. 1999, no 1-2
  26. M.W. Degner and R.D. Lorenz, ‘Position Estimation in Induction Machines Utilizing Rotor Bar Slot Harmonics and Carrier Frequency Signal Injection’, IEEE Trans. on Ind. Appl., May/June 2000 pp. 736- 742
  27. S. Chakrabarti, T.M. Jahns, and R.D. Lorenz, ‘Reduction of Parameter Sensitivity in an Induction Motor Current Regulator Using Integrated Pilot Sensors in the Low-Side Switches’, Proc. of IEEE IAS Conf., Oct. 3-7, 2004, Seattle, pp. 647-654
  28. J.J. Connors, ‘Active Tj and Δj Control of Power Electronics’, M.S. ME. Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2004
  29. R.D. Lorenz and K. Van Patten, ‘High Resolution Velocity Estimation for All Digital, AC Servo Drives’, IEEE Trans. on Ind. Appl., July/Aug., 1991, Vol 27, No. 4, pp. 701-705
  30. R.D. Lorenz, ‘Observers and State Filters in Drives and Power Electronics’, Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2002, pp. 4-12
  31. M.C. Harke, H. Kim, R.D. Lorenz, ‘Sensorless Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Machine Drives for Zero-Phase-Lag Position Estimation,’ IEEE Trans on Ind. Appl., Nov./Dec. 2003, pp. 1726- 1733