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A Study on Health Condition and Nutritional Status of Female University Students in Masan Area

마산시 일부 여대생의 건강상태 및 영양섭취 실태 조사

  • Park, Eun-Ju (Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Kyungnam University) ;
  • Cheong, Hyo-Sook (Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Kyungnam University) ;
  • Shin, Dong-Soon (Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Kyungnam University)
  • 박은주 (경남대학교 생활과학부 식품영양학) ;
  • 정효숙 (경남대학교 생활과학부 식품영양학) ;
  • 신동순 (경남대학교 생활과학부 식품영양학)
  • Published : 2004.11.01

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health condition and nutritional status in female university students in Masan. The 285 subjects aged 20.1 years (18~26 years) were assessed with a set of questionnaire composed of general information, food, smoking, drinking and exercise habits, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire. The rates of smoking and alcohol drinking habits were 1.8% and 82.5%, respectively. All the subjects had the experience of passive smoking. The 11% of the students exercised regularly and 11.6% ate meal regularly. The average height and weight of subjects were 161.0 ㎝ and 53.9 ㎏, respectively and the BMI was calculated as 20.8${\pm}$2.6 ㎏/$m^2$:The 13.3% of subjects were underweight, while 6.7% of them were overweight. The mean value for body fat was 26.4% and subscapular and tricep skinfolds thickness were 14.2 ㎜ and 16.9 ㎜, and waist-hip ratio was 0.72. The systolic/diastolic blood pressure of the subjects was 115.9 ㎜Hg/70.9 ㎜Hg. Except protein, phosphorous, vitamin E, B_6 and C, the average intakes of energy and nutrients were below the Korea recom-mended dietary allowance (RDA). Especially, intakes of calcium, iron and zinc were the lowest, as <70% of RDA. The proportion of energy derived from carbohydrates : protein : fat was 58.0 : 15.8 : 26.2. The 10 frequently consumed food were ssalbap (47.2/mon), kimchi (35.6/mon), onion (16.8/mon), japgokbap (15.1/mon), sesame oil (14.1/mon), carbonated drink (13.3/mon), grapes (12.7/mon), ice cream (12.4/mon), milk (11.9/mon) and water-melon (10.6/mon). Results of this study could be useful for planning nutrition education programs for female university students in this area to improve their dietary habit and health status.

본 연구는 경남 마산지역에 거주하는 여대생 285명을 대상으로 건강상태 및 영양섭취실태를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 본 연구에 참여한 285명의 여대생의 평균연령은 20.1세(18~26세)이며 흡연자는 5명(1.8%)으로 그들은 하루에 평균 3.6개피의 담배를 피우고 있으며 그들의 평균 흡연기간은 1.8년이었으며 대상자 모두가 간접흡연을 경험한다고 답했다. 음주습관은 82.5%의 대상자가 술을 마신다고 답했고 그들이 술을 마시기 시작한지는 평균 2.8년, 일주일에 94.1 g의 알코올을 섭취하였다. 규칙적으로 운동을 한다고 답한 사람은 약 11%이며 운동을 전혀 하지 않는 사람은 31.6%이었다. 식사를 규칙적으로 한다고 답한 사람은 불과 11.6%이며, 36.8%가 식사를 불규칙으로 한다고 답했다. 하루 3끼식사를 거의 거르지 않는다고 답한 응답자는 대상자의 54%이며 하루에 한 끼는 매일 거른다고 답한 대상자도 30%나 되었다. 결식을 하게 될 경우 주로 거르는 식사는 아침이 77.9%로 가장 높았고 그 다음으로 저녁, 점심 순이었다. 자주 과식을 한다고 답한 사람은 26.3%이며 대부분이 가끔은 과식을 한다고 답하였다. 1끼 식사 시간은 10~20분, 20분 이상, 10분 미만의 순으로 나타났으며, 편식이 심한 사람은 5%이며 약간 편식을 한다고 답한 사람은 49.1%이었다. 대상자들의 평균 신장과 체중은 161.0 ㎝, 체중 53.9 kg이며 체질량 지수(BMI)는 평균 20.8로 저체중은 13.3%, 정상체중은 80%, 과체중은 6.7%이며 BMI 30이상의 비만군은 없었다. 체지방량은 평균 26.4%이며, 견갑골 피하지방두께와 삼두근 피하 지방두께는 각 14.2 ㎜, 16.9 ㎜이었다. 허리둘레 66.2 ㎝, 엉덩이 둘레 91.9 cm이며 WHR은 0.72로 조사되었다. 대상자들의 수축기 및 이완기 혈압은 각각 115.9 ㎜Hg, 70.9 ㎜Hg로 전반적으로 정상범위를 보였다. 영양소 섭취는 조사된 영양소 중 단백질, 인, 비타민 E, 비타민 B_6, 비타민 C를 제외하고는 영양권장량보다 낮게 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 칼슘, 철, 아연의 섭취량은 권장량의 70%이하로 매우 낮았다. 열량섭취량은 1634.1 kcal로 일일권장량 대비 81.7%에 해당되며 단백질은 총 64.3 g으로 권장량의 107.2%를 섭취하였다. 대상자의 불규칙적인 식사, 결식, 과식 등의 평소 식습관은 24시간 회상법으로 분석한 영양소 섭취량은 물론 더 나아가 인체계측치에도 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 불규칙적인 식사, 결식 등의 바람직하지 않은 식습관을 가진 여대생들의 경우, 그 시기에 매우 중요한 영양소인 철분, 아연, 엽산 등의 섭취량이 권장량의 70%에도 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났으며, 과식을 하는 대상자의 경우 그렇지 않은 사람보다 체질량지수 및 체지방 등의 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 한국인이 자주 섭취하는 식품을 중심으로 각 식품군별로 지난 1개월간의 식품 섭취빈도를 조사한 결과, 모든 식품군을 합쳐서 마산지역 여대생들이 가장 자주섭취하는 10가지 음식은 쌀밥, 김치, 양파, 잡곡밥, 참기름, 탄산음료, 포도, 아이스크림, 우유, 수박의 순이었다. 이상의 결과 마산시에 거주하는 여대생들의 전반적인 건강 및 영양 섭취상태의 문제점을 파악할 수 있었으며 이 결과를 바탕으로 이 지역 여대생들에 맞는 영양교육을 계획, 실시함으로 그들의 건강향상 및 식생활 개선을 도모할 수 있는 노력이 이루어져야 한다고 사료된다.

Keywords

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