Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Effect of Educational Attainment of Household Head on Eating-out Demand

가구주 학력이 외식수요에 미치는 효과

  • Published : 2005.11.01
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Abstract

Korean households' expenditures on the eating -out have been steadily increasing except for the foreign exchange crisis period. This paper aimed to examine the eating-out expenditures of salary and wage earners's households by educational attainment of household head. We modeled the demand function of eating-out in terms of income and price, examining the responsiveness of eating-out demand to changes in income and price using econometric methods such as regression, rolling regression and impulse response. This paper showed that coefficients of income and price tended to decrease as the income rises in the long-run. Specifically, the higher the educational attainment of household head is, the smaller the coefficients of income and price we. The impulse response analysis also indicated that while price shocks decreased the demand for eating-out, income shocks tended to increase tile demand for eating-out in all the educational attainments. Furthermore income shocks were much greater and last longer than price shocks at all educational attainments of household heads.

본 연구는 총 가구주의 교육정도가 외식수요에 미치는 효과를 밝히기 위하여 식료품에 대한 교육계층별 지출패턴을 조사하여 외식에 대한 지출구조와 비교하였다. 그 결과 소득에서 식료품에 대한 지출이 차지하는 비율이 가구주가 무학일 경우 가장 높고 교육정도가 높을수록 낮아져 대학원 졸업에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 모든 교육계층에서 외식비가 소득에서 차지하는 비율이 시간의 흐름과 더불어 꾸준히 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 외식문화가 보편화${\cdot}$대중화되어 낮은 교육계층에는 외식비가 가계에 부담이 될 가능성이 크다는 것을 의미하였다. 외식수요함수를 추정한 결과 외식가격상승은 무학과 대학원졸을 제외한 교육계층에서 외식수요를 감소시키고, 소득증가는 모든 교육계층에서 외식수요를 증가시키는 요인으로 작용하였다. 그리고 모든 교육계층에서 소득계수가 가격계수보다 커서 가격보다 소득이 외식수요에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 시간에 따른 외식 수요 패턴을 보기 위한 전향적 이동회귀는 소득과 가격의 영향력이 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 외식의 단기적 특성을 보기 위해 충격반응함수를 도입한 결과는 모든 교육계층에서 가격충격은 외식수요를 감소시키며, 소득충격은 외식수요를 증가시키나, 가격충격은 소득충격에 비해 외식수요에 미치는 충격의 크기도 대단히 작았다.

Keywords

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