DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

In vitro and Ex vivo Supplementation of Houttuynia cordata Extract and Immunomodulating Effect in Mice

어성초 추출물 첨가가 마우스 면역능 증진에 미치는 영향

  • 김진 (숙명여자대학교 식품영양학과, 한남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 류혜숙 (숙명여자대학교 식품영양학과, 숭의여자대학 식품영양과) ;
  • 신정희 (중부대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김현숙 (숙명여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2005.02.01

Abstract

Houttuynia cordata THNUB (He; Uh-Sung-Cho) is a medicinal plant which has been widely used as a component of blood-building decoctions. This study was performed to investigate the immunomodulative effect of He in mice. In vitro experiment, the mice splenocytes proliferation and three kinds of cytokines (IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF- $\alpha$) production by mice peritoneal macrophages cultured with six (methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water) fractions of He were used to indicate the immunomodulative effect. Ex vivo experiment, the different concentrations of He water extract was orally administrated every other day for two weeks. The production of cytokines IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF- $\alpha$) secreted by activated macrophages and the mice splenocytes proliferation were used as an index for the immunocompetence. The supplementation of all six fractions of He enhanced the splenocytes proliferation at the level of 6.58$\pm$1.23∼47.82$\pm$5.48 compared to that of control in the range of 1∼50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. IL-1$\beta$ production was significantly increased with the supplementation of chloroform and water extract of He. Higher level of IL-6 production was detected by the supplementation of ethylacetate, butanol and water extract. TNF - $\alpha$ production was enhanced by the supplementation of all six fractions of He. From the ex vivo study, the highest proliferation of splenocytes was seen from the mice orally administrated with the He water extract at the concentration of 500 mg/kg bw In case of cytokines production, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, and TNF- $\alpha$ release by activated peritoneal macrophages were augmented by the oral administration of He water extract. These results indicated that He may enhance the immune function by regulating the splenocytes proliferation and cytokines production capacity in mice.

본 연구는 우리나라 야산에서 손쉽게 구할 수 있는 구황식물인 어성초를 이용하여, 시험관 내 실험 및 생체 내 실험을 실시하여 어성초의 면역증강제로서 가능성을 살펴보았다. 시험관 내 실험에서는 건조시켜 분쇄한 어성초를 메탄올로 추출한 후 극성에 따라 핵산, 클로로포름, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올, 물 순으로 계통추출하여 비장세포 증식능과 복강대식세포에 의한 사이토카인 분비능을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 비교적 극성이 높은 부탄을 분획물과 물 분획 물 첨가시에 비장세포 증식능이 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL의 농도군에서까지 향상됨을 볼 수 있었다. IL-1$\beta$와 TNF- $\alpha$는 클로로포름과 물 추출물을 첨가했을 때 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 많은 양이 분비되었고, IL-6 는 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올, 물 층에서 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 향상되었다. 이들 세가지 사이토카인의 분비 수준은 모두 B 림프구를 자극하는 미토젠인 LPS보다는 높았으므로, B 림프구 자극 효과가 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다. 시험관 내 실험의 결과를 토대로 하여 2주간 격일로 어성초 열수 추출물을 마우스에게 직접 경구 투여하고 비장세포 증식능과 활성화된 복강 대식세포에 의한 염증성 사이토카인(IL-l$\beta$, IL-6, TNF- $\alpha$)의 분비량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 비장세포 증식능은 ConA와 LPS로 처리시 어서초 추출물을 500 mg/kg bw 농도로 투여 한 군에서 각각 최대의 비장세포 증식을 보였다. 활성화된 복강 대식 세포에 의한 사이토카인 분비량을 측정한 결과 500 mg/kg bw와 1000 mghg bw의 농도로 투여시 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 많은 양의 IL-6를 분비하였고, 500 mg/kg bw 투여군에서 대조군에 비해 많은 양의 TNF-$\alpha$를 분비하였다. 그러나, IL-1$\beta$의 분비량은 대조군에 비해 오히려 급격히 감소하는 것으로 나타나 어성초의 투여가 IL-$\beta$ 분비를 자극하지는 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 어성초 열수 추출물을 생체내에 적용시켰을 때 비장세포의 증식을 유도하고 복강 대식세포를 활성화시켜 IL-6와 TNF- $\alpha$의 분비를 촉진시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 , 적정 양은 500 mg/kg bw 정도인 것으로 사료된다. 비장세포 증식능과 복강 대식 세포 활성화를 통한 연구 결과에 의하면 어성초는 비교적 극성이 높은 용매에 용해되는 부분에 면역증강효과가 있는 물질이 함유되어 있는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 앞으로는 그 성분에 대한 순수 분리 및 이를 동정하는 연구가 계속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 보이고, 이는 식품소재개발에 있어서 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

  1. Galbraith GM. 1998. Therapeutic immunomodulation. Dermatol Clin 6: 561-568
  2. Gatenby PA. 1992. Immunopotentiation. In Encyclopedia of immunology. Roitt IM, Delves PJ, eds. Academic Press, London. p 847-852
  3. Maeda YY, Watanabe ST, Chihara G, Rokutanda M. 1984. T-cell mediated vascular dilatation and hemorrhage induced by antitumor polysaccharide. Intl J Immunopharmacol 6: 493-501 https://doi.org/10.1016/0192-0561(84)90088-2
  4. Akiyama J, Kawamura T, Gotohda E, Yamada Y, Hosokawa M, Kodama T, Kobayashi H. 1977. Immunotherapy of transplated KMT-17 tumor in rats by combination of cyclo-phosphamide and immunostimulatory protein-bound polysaccharide isolated from basidiomycetes. Cancer Res 37: 3042-3045
  5. Tsuru S, Nomoto K. 1983. Effect of PSK on specific tumor immunity to syngeneic tumor cells. J Clin Lab Immunol 4: 215-219
  6. Yun YS, Lee YS, Jo SK, Jung IS. 1993. Inhibition of autochthonous tumor by ethanol insoluble fraction from Panax ginseng as an immunomodulator. Planta Medica 59: 521-524 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-959752
  7. Kim KH, Lee YS, Jung IS, Park SY, Chung HY, Lee IR, Yun YS. 1998. Acidic polysaccharide fro Panax ginseng, ginsan, induces Th1 cell and macrophage cytokines and generates LAK cells in synergy with rIL-2. Planta Medica 64: 110-115 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957385
  8. Yoo HT, Noh JS, Lim YD. 1977. Hyangyak Jipsungbang. Haenglim Publishing Co., Seoul. p 717-718
  9. Wang YS. 1983. Jungyi Yakli Yo Yngyong. People's Sanitation Publishing Co., Peking. p 709-710
  10. Song JH, Kim MJ, Kwon HD, Park IH. 2003. Antimicrobial activity of fractional extracts from Houttuynia cordata root. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 1053-1058 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.7.1053
  11. Chung CK, Ham SS, Lee SY, Oh DH, Choi SY, Kang IJ, Nam SM. 1999. Effects of Houttuynia cordata ethanol extracts on serum lipies and antioxidant enzymes in rats fed high fat die. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 28: 205-211
  12. Choi YH, Kim EY, Park EY, Rhee SH, Lee WH. 1994. Antimutagenic effects of the juice and boiling water extract of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 23: 916-921
  13. Kim HJ. 2000. Biological effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb extract on murine and human immune system. MS Thesis. Seoul National University
  14. Rho BG, Shin MK, Song HJ. 1998. Studies on the antiallergic reactions of the Herba Houttuyniae extract. Kor J Herbology 13: 77-89
  15. Chun EY. 1997. Partial purification of Houttuynia cordata Thunb extract and characterization of its immunological activities in human. MS Thesis. Seoul National University
  16. Mishell BB, Shiigi SM. 1980. Selected methods in cellular immunology. 1st ed. WH Freemanl Co., Sanfrancisco. p 4-27
  17. Collins FM, Congdon CC, Monrison NE. 1975. Growth of mycobacterium bovis (BCG) in T lymphocyte-depleted mice. Infect Immun 11: 57-64
  18. Roh JK, Chung HC, Koh EH, Lee YY, Hahn JS, Kim BS. 1991. In vitro cytotoxicity of various anticancer drugs to short-term cultured gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. J Korean Cancer Assoc 23: 495-516
  19. Mosmann T. 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65: 55-63 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
  20. Konic V, Fleischmann JWR. 1990. A simple and rapid method to determine hematopoietic growth factor activity. J Immunol Methods 129: 23-30 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(90)90416-S
  21. Kuby J. 1997. Immunology. 3rd ed. WH Freeman & Co., New York
  22. Lee YK. 2001. A study of immunomodulating effects and production of nitric oxide by C. cristata L. extracts in mice. MS Thesis. Sookmyung Women's University
  23. Kim SH. 2000. The effect of ethanol extract of Phlomis umbrosa on splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production. MS Thesis. Sookmyung Women's University
  24. Lee JH. 2001. Effect of pine needle extracts and powder on modulation of immunocompetence in mice and human subjects. DS Thesis. Sookmyung Women's University
  25. Adams DO, Hamilton TA. 1984. The cell biology of macrophage activation. Annu Rev Immunol 2: 283-318 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.001435
  26. Meydani SN. 1990. Dietary modulation of cytokine production and biologic function. Nutr Rev 48: 361-369 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02880.x
  27. Munoz C, Schlesinger L. 1995. Interaction between cytokine, nutrition and infaction. Nutr Res 15: 1815-1844 https://doi.org/10.1016/0271-5317(95)02050-0
  28. Yujian W, Dennis SH, Cleamond DE, Ronald RW. 1994. Long term dietary vitamine E retard development of retrovirus- induced disregulation in cytokine production. Clin Immunol Immunophathol 72: 70-75 https://doi.org/10.1006/clin.1994.1108
  29. Dinarello CA. 1991. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism. Blood 77: 1627-1652
  30. Koji H, Purusotam B, Shigetoshi K, Tsuneo N. 1997. Immunostimulating activity of Celosian, an antihepatotoxic polysaccharide isolated from Celosia argentea. Planta Medica 63: 216-219 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957656
  31. Kim SW, Kim ES. 1997. Studies on the immunomodulating effects of polysaccharide extracted from Ganodema lucidum on macrophage. Korean J Immunol 26: 148-153
  32. Lee BK, Jang YS, Yi SY, Chung KS, Choi SH. 1997. Immunomodulators extracted from Korean-styole fermented soybean paste and their function. Korean J Immunol 19: 559-569
  33. Bae JH. 1997. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum on the IL-1, TNF and IL-12 gene expression of macrophages. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 26: 978-982
  34. Manjee KR, Ghosh B. 1999. Quercetin inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ production in murine macrophages. Int J Immunopharmacol 21: 435-443 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00024-7
  35. Choi SE. 2000. Effect of pine needle extracts on splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production by mouse peritoneal macrophages. MS Thesis. Sookmyung Women's University
  36. Hur SY. 1997. Immunomodulative effect of Perilla frutescens seeds extracts. MS Thesis. Sookmyung Women's University
  37. Zalys R, Zagon IS, Bonneau RH, Lang CM, McLaughlin PJ. 2000. In vivo effect of chronic treatment with (MET5)- enkephain on hematological values and natural killer cell activity in athymic mice. Life Sci 66: 829-834 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00655-4
  38. Hasegawa T, Ito K, Ueno S, Kumamoto S, Ando Y, Yamada A, Nomoto K, Yasunobu Y. 1999. Oral administration of hot extract of Chlorella vulgaris reduce IgE production against mile casein in mice. Int J Immunopharmacol 21: 311-323 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00013-2
  39. Hiroichi N, Takeshi N, Takeshi O, Yoshiki I, Hiroyuki T, Naoki I. 1999. The effect of methanolic extract from Corydalis tuber on cytokine production and allergic reactions in experimental animal. J Trad Med 16: 51-58
  40. James GL. 1995. Methods in Immunotoxicology. John Wiley-Liss, Inc, San Diego. Vol 2, p 15
  41. Song HJ, Shin MK. 1987. Effects of Houttuynia herba on immune responses and histological findings in mice bearing pneumonitis. Kor J Pharmacogn 18: 216-232
  42. Cho SH, Yang KM, Bae BS, Im SA, Yu RN. 1998. Effect of sea tangel intake on cytokine production in macrophage from normal and diabetic mice. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27: 952-959
  43. Kwon SH, Woo HJ, Han DS, Kim MK. 2001. Effect of dried powders and water extracts of Paecilomyces tenuipes and Cordyceps militaris on lipid metabolism, antioxidative capacity and immune status in rats. Korean J Nutr 34: 271-284
  44. Singh IP, Sarzotti M, Coppenhaver DH, Past J, Baron S. 1989. Postinfection therapy of arbovurus infections in mice. Antimicob Agents chemother 33: 2126-2131 https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.33.12.2126
  45. Sarzotti M, Coppenhaver Dh, Singh IP, Past J, Baron S. 1989. The in vivo antiviral effect of CL246, 738 is mediated by the independent induction of interferon-alpha and interferon-beta. J Interferon Res 9: 265-272 https://doi.org/10.1089/jir.1989.9.265
  46. Sprenter H, Jacorbm C, Main M, Grensser AM, Prinz H, Wesemann W, Gemsa D. 1992. Enhanced release of cytokines, interleukin 2 receptors, and neopterin after long distance running. Clin Immunol Immunopath 63: 183-190
  47. Nathan CF. 1992. Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells. FASEB J 6: 3051-3059 https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.6.12.1381691
  48. Son EH, Park JH, Kim KR, Kim BO, Dong KR, Pyo SN. 1998. Effects of the administration of Bezoar bovis on immune responses of mice. Kor J Pharmacogn 29: 48-55

Cited by

  1. Paeonia japonica,Houttuynia cordata, andAster scaberWater Extracts Induce Nitric Oxide and Cytokine Production by Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Macrophages vol.12, pp.2, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.1013
  2. Anti-inflammatory effect of dietary pork extract on proliferation and cytokine secretion using mouse primary splenocytes 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.058
  3. Anti-inflammatory effects of herbal medicines(Rubus coreanus, Rehmanniae Radix, Houttuynia cordata, Betulae cortex) EtOH extract on acute atopic dermatitis mice vol.28, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.6114/jkood.2015.28.1.068
  4. Immunostimulatory Effects of Traditional Doenjang vol.40, pp.9, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.9.1227
  5. Contemplation on the Emergency Foods in Korea under the Japanese Occupation     vol.25, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2015.10.25.5.721
  6. Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects of the Extract Mixtures of Perilla frutescens, Houttuynia cordata and Camellia sinensis vol.41, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.15230/SCSK.2015.41.2.173
  7. Korean Traditional Natural Herbs and Plants as Immune Enhancing, Antidiabetic, Chemopreventive, and Antioxidative Agents: A Narrative Review and Perspective vol.17, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2013.3059
  8. 어성초(Houttuynia cordata) 추출물이 Tyrosinase유전자 발현에 미치는 효과 -연구노트- vol.34, pp.8, 2005, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.8.1284
  9. 발효 어성초(魚腥草) 물추출물의 마우스 대식세포 항염활성 연구 vol.25, pp.3, 2010, https://doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2010.25.3.027
  10. Effects of Houttuynia cordata Extracts of Different Aerial Parts on Antioxidants and Anti-inflammatory vol.24, pp.2, 2005, https://doi.org/10.15616/bsl.2018.24.2.87
  11. 어성초 추출물 및 분획물의 항균, 항산화 및 세포보호활성 vol.29, pp.4, 2005, https://doi.org/10.14478/ace.2018.1035
  12. Platycodon grandiflorum Extract Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice vol.29, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2019.8.29.4.303