The Mentum Deformity of C. plumosus Following Exposure to Endocrine Disruption Chemicals

내분비교란 물질에 노출된 C. plumosus (장수깔따구)의 하순기절 기형성

  • 이원철 (한양대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과) ;
  • 곽인실 (한양대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과)
  • Published : 2005.03.31

Abstract

Egg masses of C. plumosus were collected from Jungnang Stream in Seoul and reared in an incubator chamber. The larvae of C. plumosus were treated with potential endocrine disruption chemicals (EDCs) such as Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), Bisphenol A (BPA) and Tebufenozide, and the effects of morphological abnormalities were observed. The deformities of the mentum following exposure to EDCs showed the smooth/round tooth, the loss of ${\ge}$1 tooth, reduced median lateral teeth (MLT) and light brown color. The incidence rates of the mentum deformity were associated with chemicals: BPA (73.7 ${\sim}$ 90.9%)>tebufenozide (57.6 ${\sim}$ 78.9%)>DEHP (46.2 ${\sim}$ 85.7%). The deformity type of the mentum showed MIX (MLT+LT, 32 ${\sim}$ 46%)>MLT (25 ${\sim}$ 34%)>LT (lateral teeth, 3 ${\sim}$ 7%). Also, the incidence of MIX type was in the order of BPA (46%)>DEHP (33%) >tebufenozide (32%), and that of MLT type showed DEHP (34%)>tebufenozide (31%)>BPA (25%). As the concentration of Tebufenozide increased, the incidence of light brown mentum was dose dependent. While the incidences of light brown mentum following exposure to BPA and DEHP were not associated with their concentrations.

야외에서 채집한 C. plumosus를 대상으로 잠재적 내 분비계 교란물질인 DEHP, BPA 및 Tebufenozide를 처리물질로 하여 형태적인 교란 효과를 살펴보았다. 약제에 노출된 개체의 하순기절은 부드러워지거나(smooth) 손실(loss)이 가장 많았으며 엷은 갈색을 보였다. 처리 물질에 따른 기형의 정도를 살펴보면, DEHP는 46.2 ${\sim}$ 85.7%, BPA는 73.7 ${\sim}$ 90.9% 그리고 tebufenozide는 57.6 ${\sim}$ 78.9%가 기형을 입어 BPA>tebufenozide>DEHP 순으로 기형이 크게 나타났다. 처리 물질별 기형 부위를 살펴보면, MIX (32 ${\sim}$ 46%)>MLT (25 ${\sim}$ 34%)>LT (3 ${\sim}$ 7%)로 두 부분이 함께 기형을 입는 형태가 가장 많았으며 LT 단독의 기형이 가장 적었다. MIX 형태로 기형이 가장 높은 물질은 BPA (46%)>DEHP (33%)>tebufenozide (32%)이고, MLT에 가장 높은 기형을 보인 것은 DEHP (34%)>tebufenozide (31%)>BPA (25%)로 나타났다. Tebufenozide 처리에 따른 하순기절의 색은 처리 농도가 높아지면 엷은 갈색 하순기절의 발생 빈도가 증가되었다 (27.8 ${\sim}$ 84.2%). 반면, BPA (8.7%)와 DEHP (18.2%)는 $1\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$에서 가장 낮은 엷은 갈색의 하순기절의 발생 빈도를 보였으나 $0.3\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$처리에서는 매우 높은 엷은 갈색의 하순기절이 다수 발생하였다 (BPA 52.6%; DEHP 30.8%).

Keywords

References

  1. 국립환경연구원. 2002. 내분비계장애물질 측정분석방법
  2. Brown, D., R.S. Thompson, K.M. Stewart, C.P. Croudace and E. Gillings. 1996. The effect of phthalate ester plasticisers on the emergence of the midge (Chironomus riparius) from treated sediments. Chmosphere 32: 2177-2187 https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(96)00128-2
  3. Colborn T. and C. Clement. 1992. Chemically induced alterations in sexual and functional development: the wildlife/human connection. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Scientific, p. 403
  4. Colborn T., D. Dumanoski and J.P. Myers. 1996. Our Stolen Future. London: Abacus, p. 306
  5. Darbas B., J. Zdarek, T. Timar and M.H.T. El-Din. 1990. Effects of the bipyridylium herbicides diquat dibromide and paraquat dichloride on growth and development of Neobellieria bullata (Dipteralarvae. J. Econ Entomol 83: 2175-2180
  6. De Bisthoven L.J., C. Huysmans and F. Ollevier. 1995. The in situ relationship between sediment concentrations of micropollutants and morphological deformities in Chironomus thummi larvae (Diptera; Chironomidae) from lowland river (Belgium): a spatial comparison. In: Chironomids: from genes to ecosystems (Cranston P.S., ed.). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
  7. De Cooman, W., M. Florus and M. Devroede. 1998. Karakterisatie van de bodems van de Vlaamse onbevaarbare waterlopen. Report D/1998/3241/224. Brussels: Administratie Milieu-, Natuur-Land- en Waterbeheer, 56
  8. DeFur, P., M. Crane, C. Ingersoll and L. Tattersfield. 1999. Endocrine disruption in invertebrates: endocrinology, testing, and assessment. Pansacola, FL: SETAC, p. 303
  9. Dickman, M., Q. Lan and B. Matthews. 1990. Teratogens in the Niagara River watershed as reflected by chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) labial plate deformities. Water Pollut. Res. J. Can 24: 47-79
  10. Elendt, B.P. and W.R. Bias. 1990. Trace nutrient deficiency in Daphnia magna cultured in standard medium for toxicity testing; effects of the optimization of culture conditions on life history parameters of Daphnia magna. Water Res. 24: 1157-1167 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(90)90180-E
  11. Hamilton, A.L. and O.A. Saether. 1971. The occurrence of characteristic deformities in the chrononmid larvae of several Canadian lakes. Can. Entomol. 103: 363-368 https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent103363-3
  12. Hutchinson, T.H., N.A. Pounds, M. Hampel and T.D. Williams. 1999. Impact of natural and synthetic steroids on the survival, development and reproduction of marine copepods (Tisbe battagliai). Sci. Total Environ. 233: 167-179 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00223-5
  13. Janssens de Bisthoven, L., K.R. Timmermans and F. Ollevier. 1992. The concentration of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in Chironomus gr. thummi (Diptea Chironomidae) with deformed versus normal menta. Hydrobiologia 239: 141-149 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00007671
  14. Janssens de Bisthoven, L., C. Huysmans, R. Vannevel, G. Goemans and F. Ollevier. 1997. Field and experimental morphological response of Chironomus larvae (Diptera: Nematocera) to xylene and toluene. Neth. J. Zool. 47: 227-239 https://doi.org/10.1163/156854297X00184
  15. Jobling, S., D. Sheahan, J.A. Osborne, P. Matthiesen and J.P. Sumpter. 1996. Inhibition of testicular growth in rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) exposed to estrogenic alkylphenolic compounds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15: 194-202 https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1996)015<0194:IOTGIR>2.3.CO;2
  16. Kahl, M.D., E.A. Makynen, P.A. Kosian and G.T. Ankley. 1997. Toxicity of 4-nonylphenol in a life-cycle test with the midge Chironomus tentans. Ecotoxical. Environ. Saf. 38: 155-160 https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1997.1572
  17. Kosalwat, P. and K.W. Knight. 1987.Chronic toxicity of copper to a partial life cycle of the midge, Chironomus decorus. Archiv. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16: 283-290 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01054945
  18. Kime, D.E. and J.P. Nash. 1999. Gamete viability as an indicator of reproductive endocrine disruption in fish. Sci. Total Environ. 233: 123-129 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00219-3
  19. Kwak, I.-S. and W. Lee. 2003a. Effects of the hormone mimetid insecticide tebufenozide on Chironomus flaviplumus larvae. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 21(1): 72-76
  20. Kwak, I.-S. and W. Lee. 2003b. Effects of the Molting- Hormone Mimetid Insecticide Tebufenozide on Chironomus riparius Larvae. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 21(3): 286-291
  21. Kwak, I.-S. and W. Lee. 2004a. Effects of Ecdysteroid agonist Tebufenozide on freshwater Chironomids. Korean J. Limnol. 37(1): 96-101
  22. Kwak, I.-S. and W. Lee. 2004b. Detecting Points for Ecological Disruptions and Developmental Delay exposure to DEHP in Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae). Korean J. Environ. Biol. 22(2): 321-328
  23. Madden, C.P., P.J. Suter, B.C. Nicholson and A.D. Austin. 1992. Deformities in chironomid larvae as indicators of pollution (pesticide) stress. Neth. J. Aquat. Ecol. 26: 551-557 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02255289
  24. Meregalli, G., L. Pluymers and F. Ollevier. 2000. Induction of mouthpart deformities in Chironomus riparius larvae exposed to 4-n-nonylphenol. Environ. Pollut. 111: 241-246 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00068-3
  25. Meregalli, G., L. Pluymers, N. Van lent and F. Ollevier. 2000. Induction of mouthpart deformities in Chironomus ripariuslarvae exposed to known endocrine disruptors. Presented at SETAC 3rd World Congress, 21-25 May, Brighton, UK
  26. Milbrink, G. 1983. Characteristic deformities in tubificid oligochaetes inhabiting polluted bays of Lake Vanern, Southern Sweden. Hydrobiologia 106: 169-184 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006749
  27. Miller, R.A., L.A. Norris and C.L. Hawks. 1973. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCCD) in aquatic organisms. Environ. Health Perspect. 5: 177-186 https://doi.org/10.2307/3428126
  28. Pinder, L.C.V., T.G. Pottinger, Z. Billinghurst and M.H. Depledge. 1999. Endocrine function in aquatic invertebrates and evidence for disruption by environment pollutants, R & D report TR E67. Bristol, UK: Environment Agency and Endocrine Modulators Steering Group, 150
  29. Schweinfurth, H., R. Lnge and P. Gnzal. 1996. Environmental fate and ecological effects of steroidal estrogens. Presented at IBC Conference, 9-10 May 1996, London, UK
  30. Sundaram, K.M.S. 1997. Persistence of tebufenozide in aquatic ecosystems under laboratory and field conditions. Pestic. Sci. 51: 7-20 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199709)51:1<7::AID-PS589>3.0.CO;2-A
  31. Vermeulen, A.C., G. Liberloo, P. Dumont, F. Ollevier and B.R. Goddeeris. 2000. Exposure of Chironomus riparius larvae (Diptera) to lead, mecury and -sitosterol: effects on mouthpart deformation and moulting, Chemosphere 41: 1581-1591 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00033-3
  32. West, C.W., G.T. Ankley, J.W. Nichols, G.E. Elonen and D.E. Nessa. 1997. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in long-term tests with the freshwater benthic invertebrates Chironomus tentans and Lumbriculus variegatus. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16: 1287-1294 https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<1287:TABOTP>2.3.CO;2
  33. Warwick, W.F. 1989. Morphological deformities in larvae of Procladius skuse (Diptera: Chironomidae) and their biomonitoring potential. Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 46: 1255-1271 https://doi.org/10.1139/f89-162
  34. Warwick, W.F. 1991. Indexing deformities in ligulae and antennae of Procladus larvae (Diptera: Cimonomidae); Application to contaminant-stressed environments. Can. J. Aquat. Sci. 48: 1151-1156 https://doi.org/10.1139/f91-139