The Water Quality in the Soho Coastal Seawaters of Gamak Bay Before and After a Typhoon

가막만 소호해역에서 태풍 전후 수질 변동특성

  • 이영식 (국립수산과학원 양식환경연구소) ;
  • 문성용 (전남대학교 해양기술학부)
  • Published : 2006.08.01

Abstract

The water quality before and after a typhoon was investigated as a part of a study on the increase of organic matter and on the fundamental measures to counter chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the eutrophic Soho coastal seawaters of Gamak Bay. The dissolved oxygen (DO) saturations were <54% when water column was stratified. The DO saturation was similar at surface and in the bottom layer after a typhoon $(78\sim88%)$, and a very high DO saturation (234%) was observed in the surface water after mass phytoplankton growth. The highest values of $NH_4-N,\;NO_3-N,\;PO_4-P$, and $SiO_2-Si$ were 18.22, 38.90, 1.58, and $52.10{\mu}M$, respectively, when freshwater entered after heavy rainfall events. In addition, high concentrations of $NH_4-N,\;PO_4-P$, and $SiO_2-Si$ were detected with low DO saturations in bottom water (>5m). A maximum chlorophyll (Chl.) concentration of $311.0{\mu}gl^{-1}$ was observed after typhoon, when a high-density Scrippsiella trochoidea red tide occurred with cell density of 42,000 cells $ml^{-1}$. The algal growth potential (AGP) was high after the typhoon. Nitrogen was always a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. The highest COD level was $10.55mgl^{-1}$, and the main reason of the variation in COD was likely to be phytoplankton growth $(r^2=0.612,\;p=0.000)$. Organic matter, which entered the water column when the typhoon stirred the sediments, seems to have little effects on COD increase.

유기물 증가원인의 파악과 근본적인 대책에 대한 연구의 일환으로 부영양화된 연안해역에 대하여 태풍 발생 전후의 수질변동에 대하여 조사하였다. 용존산소 포화도는 수온과 염분 약층이 형성된 시기에 저층에서 54%이하로 관측되었다. 태풍이 지나간 직후에는 표층과 저층에서 거의 비슷한 용존산소 포화도$(78\sim88%)$가 조사되었다. 그리고, 태풍이 지나간 3일 후 식물플랑크톤이 대량으로 증식한 표층에서 용존산소 포화도가 234%로 아주 높은 값이 관측되었고, 저층(5m)에서도 90%가 조사되었다. 염분이 가장 낮았던 시기에 표층에서 $NH_4-N,\;NO_3-N,\;SiO_2-Si$의 최고 농도가 각각 18.22, 38.90, $52.10{\mu}M$로 조사되었으며, $NH_4-N,\;PO_4-P,\;SiO_2-Si$는 용존산소가 낮은 저층에서도 높게 나타났다. 클로로필은 최고 $311.0{\mu}g^{-1}$가 태풍 후에 관측되었으며, 그 원인 생물은 Scrippsiella trochoidea(42,000 cells $ml^{-1}$)였다. 조류성장잠재능력은 태풍발생 후에 아주 높게 조사되었으며, 항상 질소가 부족한 것으로 조사되었다. 화학적 산소요구량은 최고 $10.55mg\;l^{-1}$였으며, 태풍으로 저층 퇴적물로부터 부유되는 유기 오탁 물질이 화학적 산소요구량 증가에 미치는 기여도는 크지 않은 것으로 보이며, 화학적 산소요구량 증가의 대부분이 식물플랑크톤의 증식에 기인한 것($r^2=0.612$, p=0.000)으로 조사되었다.

Keywords

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