References
- Kelly CP, Pothoulakis C, Lamont JT. Clostridium difficile colitis. New Engl. J. Med. 330: 257-262 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199401273300406
- McFarland LV, Mulligan ME, Kwok RY, Stamm WE. Nocosomial acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection. New Engl. J. Med. 320: 204-210 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198901263200402
- Bartlett JG. Clostridium difficile: history of its role as an enteric pathogen and the current state of knowledge about the organism. Clin. Infect. Dis. 18: 5265-5275 (1994)
- Cartmill TD, Panigrahi H, Worsley MA, McCann DC, Nice CN, Keith E. Management of diarrhoea due to Clostridium difficile. J. Hosp. Infect. 27: 1-15 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(94)90063-9
- Freeman J, Wilcox MH. Antibiotics and Clostridium difficile. Microbes Infect. 1: 377-384 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(99)80054-9
- Ackermann G, Loffler B, Tang-Feldman YJ, Cohen SH, Silva J, Rodloff AC. Cloning and expression of Clostridium difficile toxin A gene(tcdA) by PCR amplication and use of an expression vector. Mol. Cell. Probe 18: 271-274 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2004.02.002
- Pothoulakis C. Effect of Clostridium difficile toxins on epithelial cell barrier. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 915: 347-356 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05263.x
- Anderson TL, McGregor A. Evaluation of the clearview Clostridium difficile toxin A test and various selective culture media in comparison with the cytotoxin assay for the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. Pathology 35: 244-247 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1080/0031302031000123236
- Lyerly DM, Saum KE, Macdonald DK, Wilkins TD. Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins given intragastrically to animals. Infect. Immun. 47: 349-352 (1985)
- Lee JY, Yoon YM, Roh HC, Kim JM. Nuclear factor-kappa B activation and chemokine genes expression in HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells in response to Clostridium difficile toxin A stimulation. J. Bacteriol. Virol. 35: 217-226 (2005)
- Marcone MF, Jahaniaval F, Aliee H, Kakuda Y. Chemical characterization of Achyranthes bidentata seed. Food Chem. 81: 7-12 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00250-9
- Kiso Y, Suzuki Y, Konno C, Hikino H, Hashimoto I, Yagi Y. Liver-protective drugs. 3. The viability of the oriental medicines, 38. Application of carton tetrachloride-induced liver lesion in mice for screening of liver protective crude drugs. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 36: 238-244 (1982)
- Shimomura H, Sashida Y, Nakata H. Plant growth regulating activities of crude drugs and medicinal plants. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 35: 173-179 (1981)
- Kim JC, Choi GJ, Lee SW, Kim JS, Chung KY, Cho KY. Screening extracts of Achyranthes japonica and Rumex crispus for activity against various plant pathogenic fungi and control of powdery mildew. Pest Manag. Sci. 60: 803-808 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.811
- Son KH, Hwang JH, Lee SH, Park JH, Kang SJ, Chang SY, Lee KS. Isolation and quantitative determination of 20-hydroxyecdysone from Achyranthes radix. Korean J. Pharmacogn. 30: 335-339 (1999)
- Gavidson PH, Parish ME. Methods for testing the efficacy of food antimicrobials. Food Technol.-Chicago 43: 148-152 (1989)
- Shin DH, Kim MS, Han JS. Antimicrobial effect of ethanol extracts from some medicinal herbs and their fractionates against foodborn bacteria. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 29: 808-816 (1997)
- Cai H, Choi SI, Lee YM, Heo TR. Antimicrobial effects of herbal medicine extracts on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Korean J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 17: 537-542 (2002)
- Park MG, Jeong GS, In MJ. Effect of Scutellaria baicalensis and Phellodendron amurense extracts on growth of lactic acid bacteria and kimchi fermentation. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 33: 420- 426 (2004) https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.2.420
- D'Souza AL, Rajkumar C, Cooke J, Bulpitt J. Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea: meta analysis. Brit. Med. J. 324: 1361-1364 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7350.1361
- Surawicz CM. Probiotics, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in human. Best Pract. Res. Cl. Ga. 17: 775-783 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1521-6918(03)00054-4
- Tasteyre A, Barc MC, Karjalainen T, Bourlioux P, Collignon A. Inhibition of in vitro cell adherence of Clostridium difficile by Saccharomyces boulardii. Microb. Pathogenesis 32: 219-225 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1006/mpat.2002.0495
- Van-Niel CW, Feudtner C, Garrison MN, Christakis DA. Lactobacillus therapy for acute infectious diarrhoea in children: a meta analysis. Pediatrics 109: 678-684 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.109.4.678
- Araki T, Shinozaki T, Irie Y, Miyazawa Y. Trial of oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve for the prevention of rotavirus infection. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 73: 305-310 (1999)
- Lee YJ, Yu WK, Heo TR. Identification and screening for antimicrobial activity against Clostridium difficile of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species isolated from heathy infant faeces. Int. J. Antimicrob. Ag. 21: 340-246 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(02)00389-8