Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antimicrobial Efficacy of the Disinfectant Solution Nanoxil® Against Fish Pathogenic Bacteria

  • Cha, Chun-Nam (Engineering Research Institute, Department of Industrial Systems Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Jung, Won-Chul (Research Institute of Live Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Yeo-Eun (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Yoo, Chang-Yeul (Department of Computer Information, Gyeongnam Provincial Namhae College) ;
  • Kim, Suk (Research Institute of Live Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Hu-Jang (Research Institute of Live Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University)
  • Received : 2010.08.24
  • Accepted : 2010.12.16
  • Published : 2010.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Fish pathogenic bacteria are a considerable danger of farmed fish and a source of economic loss in the fish farming industry. In this study, $Nanoxil^{(R)}$ was compared to hydrogen peroxide and a silver colloid in terms of disinfection efficacy against E. tarda, V. anguillarum and S. iniae. A bactericidal efficacy test conducted by a broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to test bacteria for 30 min at $4^{\circ}C$. $Nanoxil^{(R)}$ and test bacteria were diluted with distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or an organic matter suspension (OM) according to the treatment condition. Under the OM condition, the bactericidal activity of $Nanoxil^{(R)}$ against E. tarda exhibited a lowered efficacy compared to that under the DW and HW conditions. $Nanoxil^{(R)}$ at 500 fold (dilutions on) under all of the conditions demonstrated a high bactericidal efficacy against S. iniae. As $Nanoxil^{(R)}$ possess bactericidal efficacy against fish pathogenic bacteria such as E. tarda, V. anguillarum and S. iniae, this disinfectant solution can be used to limit the spread of fish bacterial diseases.

Keywords

References

  1. Acharya, M., Maiti, N. K., Mohanty, S., Mishra, P. and Samanta, M. : Genotyping of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from freshwater fish culture system. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 30, 33-40, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2006.10.003
  2. Agnew, W. and Barnes, A. C. : Streptococcus iniae: An aquatic pathogen of global veterinary significance and a challenging candidate for reliable vaccination. Veterinary Microbiology, 122, 1-15, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.03.002
  3. Austin, B. and Austin, D. A. : Vibrionaceae representatives. In Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Disease in Farmed and Wild Fish, pp. 265-307, 2nd edition (edited by Austin, B. and Austin, D. A.), Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, U.K., 1993.
  4. Boesen, H. T., Larsen, M. H., Larsen, J. L. and Ellis, A. E. : In vitro interactions between rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages and Vibrio anguillarum serogroup O2a. Fish Shellfish Immunology, 11, 415-431, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1006/fsim.2000.0328
  5. Denkin, S. M. and Nelson, D. R. : Regulation of Vibrio anguillarum empA metalloprotease expression and its role in virulence. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 70, 4193-4204, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.7.4193-4204.2004
  6. Egidius, E. : Vibriosis: pathogenicity and pathology. Aquaculture, 7, 15-28, 1987.
  7. Han, H.-J., Kim, D.-H., Lee, D.-C., Kim, S.-M. and Park, S.-I. : Pathogenicity of Edwardsiella tarda to olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel). Journal of Fish Diseases, 29, 601-609, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00754.x
  8. Han, Y., Li, X., Qi, Z., Zhang, X. H. and Bossier, P. : Detection of different quorumsensing signal molecules in a virulent Edwardsiella tarda strain LTB-4. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 108, 139-147, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04405.x
  9. Janda, J. M. and Abbott, S. L. : Infections associated with the genus Edwardsiella: the role of Edwardsiella tarda in human disease. Clinicla Infecteous Diseases, 17, 742-748, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/17.4.742
  10. Jin, C. N., Harilkrishnan, R., Moon, Y. G., Kim, M. C., Kim, J. S., Balasundarm, C. and Heo, M. S. : Effectiveness of chemotherapeutants against scuticociliate Philasterides dicentrarchi, a parasite of olive flounder. Veterinary Parasitology, 168, 19-24, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.10.001
  11. Kim, D.-G., Bae, J.-Y., Hong, G.-E., Min, M.-K., Kim, J.-K. and Kong, I.-S. : Application of the rpoS gene for the detection of Vibrio anguillarum in flounder and prawn by polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Fish Diseases, 31, 639-647, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00943.x
  12. Kim, M. S., Cho, J. Y., Kim, D. H., Jeon, H. J. and Kim, E. O. : Toxicity, antibacterial and parasiticidal effects of hydrogen peroxide for Israel carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Fish Pathology, 22, 1-7, 2009.
  13. Lee, D., Cohen, R. E. and Rubnet, M. F. : Antibacterial properties of Ag nanoparticle loaded multilayers and formation of magnetically directed antibacterial microparticles. Langmuir, 21, 9651-9659, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0513306
  14. Li, L., Rock, J. L. and Nelson, D. R. : Identification and characterization of a repeat-in-toxin gene cluster in Vibrio anguillarum. Infection and Immunity, 76, 2620-2632, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01308-07
  15. Maass, G. J. : Siver nanoparticles: No threat to the environment. Colloidal Science Lab. Inc., New Jersey, USA, 2008.
  16. Nelson, J. J., Nelson, C. A. and Carter, J. E. : Extraintestinal manifestations of Edwardsiella tarda infection: a 10l-year retrospective review. The Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society, 161, 103-106, 2009.
  17. Plumb, J. A. : Edwardsiella septicaemia. In Bacterial diseases of fish, pp. 61-79, Inglis, V., Roberts, R. J., Bromage, N. R. (Editors), Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, UK, 1993.
  18. Rach, J. J., Gaikowski, M. P. and Ramsay, R. T. : Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to control mortalities associated with bacterial gill disease infections on hatchery-reared Salmonids. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 12, 119-127, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(200006)012<0119:EOHPTC>2.0.CO;2
  19. Ra, C.-H., Kim, Y.-J., Park, S.-J., Jeong, C.-W., Nam, Y.-K., Kim, K.-H. and Kim, S.-K. : Evaluation of optimal culture conditions for recombinant ghost bacteria vaccine production with the antigen of Streptococcus iniae GAPDH. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 19, 982-986, 2009. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.0901.007
  20. Shao, A. J. : Aquaculture pharmaceuticals and biologicals: current perspectives and future possibilities. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 50, 229-243, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(01)00159-4
  21. Sharifuzzaman, S. M. and Austin, B. : Development of protection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) to Vibrio anguillarum following use of the probiotic Kocuria SM1. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 29, 212-216, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2010.03.008
  22. Thune, R. L., Stanley, L. A. and Cooper, R. K. : Pathogenesis of Gram-negative bacterial infections in warm fish. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 3, 37-68, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90028-A
  23. Tolaymat, T. M., EI Badawy, A. M., Genaidy, A., Scheckel, K. G., Luxton, T. P. and Suidan, M. : An evidence-based environmental perspective of manufactured silver nanoparticle in syntheses and applications: a systematic review and critical appraisal of peer-reviewed scientific papers. The Science of the Total Environment, 408, 999-1006, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.003
  24. Toranzo, A. E. and Barja, J. L. : Virulence factors of bacteria pathogenic for coldwater fish. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 3, 5-36, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90027-9
  25. Toranzo, A. E., Magarinos, B. and Romalde, J. L. : A review of the main bacterial fish diseases in mariculture systems. Aquaculture, 246, 37-61, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.01.002
  26. Treasurer, J. W. and Grant, A. : The efficacy of hydrogen peroxide for the treatment of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salvo salar L. infested with sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae). Aquaculture, 148, 265-275, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01267-7
  27. Verner-Jeffreys, D. W., Joiner, C. L., Bagwell, N. J., Reese, R. A., Husby, A. and Dixon, P. F. : Development of bactericidal and virucidal testing standards for aquaculture disinfectants. Aquaculture, 286, 190-197, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.001
  28. Weinstein, M. R., Litt, M., Kertesz, D. A., Wyper, P., Rose, D., Coulter, M., McGeer, A., Facklam, R., Ostach, C., Willey, B. M., Borczyk, A. and Low, D. E. : Invasive infections due to a fish pathogen, Streptococcus iniae. The New England Journal of Medicine, 337, 589-594, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199708283370902
  29. Weinstein, M. R., Low, D. E., McGeer, A., Willey, B., Rose, D., Coulter, M., Wyper, P., Borczyk, A. and Lovgren, M. : Invasive infection due to Streptococcus iniae: A new or previously unrecognized disease. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 22, 129-132, 1996.
  30. Yanong, R. P. E. : Use of hydrogen peroxide in finfish aquaculture - FA 157. IFA extention, University of Florida, USA, 2008.
  31. Zhang, Y., Peng, H., Huang, W., Zhou, Y. and Yan, D. : Facile preparation and characterization of highly antimicrobial colloid Ag or Au nanoparticles. Journal of Colloid Interface Science, 325, 371-376, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2008.05.063