Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater (상하수도학회지)

The Korean Society of Water and Wastewater (대한상하수도학회)
권호 표지

Influence of inorganic compounds on nanofiltration membrane fouling with Al hydrolysis products

알루미늄 수화물 나노여과 막오염에 대한 공존염의 영향에 관한 연구

  • 최양훈 (건국대학교 공과대학 환경공학과) ;
  • 권지향 (건국대학교 공과대학 환경공학과)
  • Published : 2011.08.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Nanofiltration was performed with polyaluminium chloride solutions at different pH conditions to understand effects of inorganic compounds on aluminum hydrolysis products, i.e., three distinctive groups of aluminum species: polymeric Al at low pH; $Al(OH)_3$ at neutral pH; and ${Al(OH)_4}^-$ at high pH. The PACl solution was prepared to be approximately 4.0mM and adjusted to the designated pH. The influence of inorganic compounds on Al species fouling was investigated with 4.9mM $CaCl_2$ and 3.5mM $MgSO_4$ because $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Cl^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ are the most common inorganics in the drinking water. NF membrane fouling was measured by flux decline rate. The impact of $CaCl_2$ was not significant on the individual Al hydrolysis products fouling. However, the flux decline rate was drastically changed in the presence of $MgSO_4$. The concentration of particulate matters was considerably increased possibly due to interaction between Al species and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ where $MgSO_4$ was introduced. The particulates were accumulated on the membrane and enhanced the hydraulic resistance of the cake layer. In addition, conductivity removal of the membrane was decreased when Al-hydroxide was dominant due to reduction of membrane surface charge. The rejection of $Ca^{2+}$and $Mg^{2+}$ were considerably different, which implys that composition of inorganics paly a role on conductivity removal.

Keywords

References

  1. 상수도사업본부. (2008) 2008년 10월 원정수 법정수질검사현황, 서울시상수도연구원, http://water.seoul.go.kr /sudohome/user/wcondition/index.php?menu_chk=4&ser_item=wa
  2. 최양훈, 권지향 (2010) PAC 전처리 시 수소이온 농도에 따라 발생 가능한 알루미늄 종에 의한 나노여과막 성능 연구, 상하수도학회지, 24(1), pp. 15-24.
  3. Driscoll, C.T. (1989). The chemistry of Aluminum in surface water, In the environmental chemistry of aluminum, Spogito, G. (ed.), CRC, Florida.
  4. Gabelich, C.J., Chen, W.R., Yun, T.I., Coffey, B.M. and "Mel" Suffet, I.H. (2005). The role of dissolved aluminum in silica chemistry for membrane processes, Desalination, 180(1-3), pp.307-319 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.02.009
  5. Jung, C.W., Son, H.J., and Kang, L.S. (2006) Effects of membrane material and pretreatment coagulation on membrane fouling: Fouling mechanism and NOM removal, Desalination, 197, pp.154-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.12.022
  6. Kim, S.D., Cho, J., Kim, I.S., Vanderford, B.J., Snyder, S.A., (2007a) Occurence and removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in South Koreans surface, drinking, and waste waters, Water Research, 41, pp.1013-1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.06.034
  7. Kim, H.A., Choi, J.H. and Takizawa, S. (2007b). Comparison of initial filtration resistance by pretreatment processes in the nanofiltration for drinking water treatment, Separation and Purification Technology, 56, pp.354-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.02.016
  8. Kimura, K., Maeda, T., Yamamura, H., and Watanabe, Y. (2008) Irreversible membrane fouling in microfiltration membranes filtering coagulated surface water, Journal of Membrane Science, 320, pp.356-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.04.018
  9. Kilduff, J.E., Mattaraj, S., and Belfort, G. (2004) Flux decline during nanofiltration of naturally-occurring dissolved organic matter: effects of osmotic pressure, membrane permeability, and cake formation, Journal of Membrane Science, 239, pp.39-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2003.12.030
  10. Lee, J.D., Lee, S.H., Jo, M.H., Park, P.K., Lee, C.H., and Kwak, J.W. (2000) Effect of coagulation conditions on membrane filtration characteristics in coagulation-microfiltration process for water treatment, Environmental Science and Technology, 34, pp.3780-3788. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9907461
  11. Lin, C.J., Shirazi, S., Rao, P., and Agarwal, S. (2006) Effects of operational parameters on cake formation of CaSO4 in nanofiltration, Water Research, 40, pp.806-816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.12.013
  12. Listiarini, K., Sun, D.D., and Leckie, J.O. (2009) Organic fouling of nenofiltration membranes: Evaluating the effect of humic acid, calcium, alum coagulant and their combinations on the specific cake resistance, Journal of Membrane Science, 332, pp.56-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.01.037
  13. Nghiem, L.D. and Schafer, A.I. (2005) Trace contaminant removal with nanofiltration. In: Schafer, A.I., Fane, A.G. and Waite, T.D. Editors, Nanofiltration-Principles and Applications, pp. 479-520., Elsevier Advanced Technology, Oxford, UK.
  14. Ohno, K., Matsui, Y., Itoh, M., Oguchi, Y., Kondo, T., Konno, Y., Matsushita, T. and Magara, Y. (2010). NF membrane fouling by aluminum and iron coagulant residuals after conagulation-MF pretreatment, Desalination, 254, pp.17-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2009.12.020
  15. Park, N., Lee, S., Yoon, S.R., Kim, Y.H. and Cho, J. (2007). Foulant analyses for NF membranes with different feed waters: coagulation/sedimentation and sand filtration treated waters, Desalination, 202(1-3), pp.231-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.12.060
  16. Pernitsky, D.J. and Edzwald, J.K. (2003). Solubility of polyaluminum coagulants. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-AQUA, 52(6), pp.395-406.
  17. Schrader, G.A., Zwijnenburg, A. and Wessling, M. (2005). The effect of WWTP effluent zeta-potential on direct nanofiltration performance, Journal of Membrane Science, 266(1-2), pp.80-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.05.013
  18. Tang, C.Y., Kwon, Y.-N., and Leckie, J.O. (2007) Fouling of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes by humic acid-effects of solution composition and hydrodynamic conditions, Journal of Membrane Science, 290, pp.86-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.12.017
  19. Vrijenhoek, E.M., Hong, S., and Elimelech, M. (2001) Influence of membrane surface properties on initial rate of colloidal fouling of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, 188. pp. 115-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(01)00376-3
  20. Wang, X.L., Shang, W.J., Wang, D.X., Wu, L., and Tu, C.H. (2009) Characterization and applications of nanofiltration membranes: State of the art, Desalination, 236, pp.316-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.10.082
  21. Yoon, Y., Westerhoff, P., Snyder, S.A., Wert, E.C. (2006) Nanofiltration and ultrafiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, Journal of Membrane Science, 270, pp.88-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.06.045
  22. Zelazny, L.W. and Jardine, P.M. (1989). Surface reactions of aqueous aluminum species, In: Soposito, G. (Ed.), The environmental chemistry of aluminum, CRC, Florida. pp.148-155.