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Generation of $CD2^+CD8^+$ NK Cells from c-$Kit^+$ Bone Marrow Cells in Porcine

  • Lim, Kyu-Hee (Department of Physiology and Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Han, Ji-Hui (Department of Physiology and Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Roh, Yoon-Seok (Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Bum-Seok (Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kwon, Jung-Kee (Department of Laboratroy Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • You, Myoung-Jo (Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Han, Ho-Jae (Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Ejaz, Sohail (Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge) ;
  • Kang, Chang-Won (Department of Physiology and Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Hoon (Department of Physiology and Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2012.02.06
  • Accepted : 2012.04.17
  • Published : 2012.06.30

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells provide one of the initial barriers of cellular host defense against pathogens, in particular intracellular pathogens. Because bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), lymphoid protenitors, can give rise to NK cells, NK ontogeny has been considered to be exclusively lymphoid. Here, we show that porcine c-$kit^+$ bone marrow cells (c-$kit^+$ BM cells) develop into NK cells in vitro in the presence of various cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-21, stem cell factor (SCF), and fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (FLT3L)]. Adding hydrocortisone (HDC) and stromal cells greatly increases the frequency of c-$kit^+$ BM cells that give rise to $CD2^+CD8^+$ NK cells. Also, intracellular levels of perforin, granzyme B, and NKG2D were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. It was found that of perforin, granzyme B, and NKG2D levels significantly were increased in cytokine-stimulated c-$kit^+$ BM cells than those of controls. And, we compared the ability of the cytotoxicity of $CD2^+CD8^+$ NK cells differentiated by cytokines from c-$kit^+$ BM cells against K562 target cells for 28 days. Cytokines-induced NK cells as effector cells were incubated with K562 cells as target in a ratio of 100 : 1 for 4 h once a week. In results, $CD2^+CD8^+$ NK cells induced by cytokines and stromal cells showed a significantly increased cytotoxicity 21 days later. Whereas, our results indicated that c-$kit^+$ BM cells not pretreated with cytokines have lower levels of cytotoxicity. Taken together, this study suggests that cytokines-induced NK cells from porcine c-$kit^+$ BM cells may be used as adoptive transfer therapy if the known obstacles to xenografting (e.g. immune and non-immune problems) were overcome in the future.

Keywords

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