Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Post-parturient Disorders and Backfat Loss in Tropical Sows in Relation to Backfat Thickness before Farrowing and Postpartum Intravenous Supportive Treatment

  • Tummaruk, Padet (Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University)
  • Received : 2012.09.06
  • Accepted : 2012.10.16
  • Published : 2013.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the evidence of post-parturient disorders and backfat loss during lactation in sows raised in tropical areas in relation to their backfat thickness before farrowing and postpartum intravenous supportive treatment. Backfat thickness was measured using A-mode ultrasonography at farrowing and weaning ($25.5{\pm}1.4$ d) in 70 sows. The sows were divided into three groups according to backfat thickness before farrowing, i.e., 15.0 to 20.0 mm (n = 21), 20.5 to 25.0 mm (n = 35), >25.0 mm (n = 14) and were categorized into two groups according to the postpartum supportive treatment, i.e., control (n = 31) and treatment (n = 39). After farrowing, the sows in treatment group received the same medications as in control sows. Furthermore an intravenous supportive treatment with amino acids and vitamins was administered in treatment groups. Rectal temperature and clinical signs of the sows including vaginal discharge, udder problems and appetite were determined at d 0, 1, 2 and 3 of parturition. It was found that, on average, the backfat thickness was $22.4{\pm}3.9$ mm at farrowing and $19.9{\pm}2.9$ mm at weaning. The backfat loss and the relative backfat loss during the lactation period were 2.6 mm and 10.6%, respectively. The sows with a backfat of 15.0 to 20.0 mm before farrowing lost less backfat than those with a backfat of 20.5 to 25.0 mm and >25.0 mm (p<0.05). Sows with a backfat of 15.0 to 20.0 mm had a better appetite on d 1 postpartum than sows with a backfat of 20.5 to 25.0 mm (p = 0.020). The percentage of sows losing backfat >10% during lactation were higher in sows with a backfat of >25.0 mm before farrowing (85.7%) than sows with a backfat of 15.0 to 20.0 mm before farrowing (35.0%) (p = 0.008). The percentage of sows with a reduced appetite on d 1 (90.3% vs 71.8%, p = 0.018) and d 2 (61.3% versus 33.3%, p = 0.005) postpartum in the treatment group was lower than the control group. In conclusion, the backfat thickness of sows at farrowing influenced backfat loss during lactation under hot and humid climates. The intravenous supportive treatment of sows with amino acid and vitamins significantly improved the appetite of postpartum sows.

Keywords

References

  1. Einarsson, S. and T. Rojkittikhun. 1993. Effect of nutrition on pregnant and lactating sows. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 48:229-239.
  2. Gerjets, I. and N. Kemper. 2009. Coliform mastitis in sows: A Review. J. Swine Health Prod. 17:97-105.
  3. Glock, X. T. P. and G. Bilkei. 2005. The effect of postparturient urogenital diseases on the lifetime reproductive performance of sows. Can. Vet. J. 46:1103-1107.
  4. Kemper, N. and I. Gerjets. 2009. Bacteria in milk from anterior and posterior mammary glands in sows affected and unaffected by postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PPDS). Acta Vet. Scand. 51:26. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-51-26
  5. Klopfenstein, C., C. Farmer and G. P. Martineau. 2006. Diseases of the mammary glands, In: Diseases of Swine (Ed. B. E. Straw, J. J. Zimmerman, S. D'Allaire and D. J. Taylor), 9th Edition. Blackwell Publishing, pp. 57-74.
  6. Love, R. J., G. Evans and C. Klupiec. 1993. Seasonal effects on fertility in gilts and sows. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 48:191-206.
  7. Marchant, J. N., A. R. Rudd, M. T. Mendl, D. M. Broom, M. J. Meredith, S. Corning and P. H. Simms. 2000. Timing and causes of piglet mortality in alternative and conventional farrowing systems. Vet. Rec. 147:209-214. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.147.8.209
  8. Markowska-Daniel, I. and M. Pomorska-Mol. 2010. Shifts in immunoglobulins levels in the porcine mammary secretions during whole lactation period. Bull Vet. Inst. Pulawy 54:345-349.
  9. Milligan, B. N., C. E. Dewey and A. F. De Grau. 2002. Neonatal-piglet weight variation and its relation to pre-weaning mortality and weight gain on commercial farms. Prev. Vet. Med. 56:119-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(02)00157-5
  10. Papadopoulos, G. A., C. Vanderhaeghe, G. P. J. Janssens, J. Dewulf and D. G. D. Maes. 2010. Risk factors associated with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows. Vet. J. 184:167-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.01.010
  11. Peltoniemi, O. A. T., R. J. Love, M. Heinonen, V. Tuovinen and H. Saloniemi. 1999. Seasonal and management effects on fertility of the sow: a descriptive study. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 55:47-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(98)00159-6
  12. Suriyasomboon, A., N. Lundeheim, A. Kunavongkrit and S. Einarsson. 2006. Effect of temperature and humidity on reproductive performance of crossbred sows in Thailand. Theriogenology 65:606-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.06.005
  13. Tantasuparuk, W., A-M. Dalin, N. Lundeheim, A. Kunavongkrit and S. Einarsson. 2001. Body weight loss during lactation and its influence on weaning-to-service interval and ovulation rate in Landrace and Yorkshire sows in the tropical environment of Thailand. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 65:273-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00218-9
  14. Tummaruk, P, W. Tantasuparuk, M. Techakumphu and A. Kunavongkrit. 2010. Seasonal influence on the litter size at birth of pig are more pronounced in the gilt than sow litter. J. Agri. Sci. 148:421-432. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859610000110
  15. Tummaruk, P. 2010. Effect of backfat loss during lactation on weaning-to-oestrus interval in sows. Proc. 9th CU. Vet. Sci. Ann. Con., Bangkok, Thailand, p. 96.
  16. Tummaruk, P., N. Lundeheim, S. Einarsson and A-M. Dalin. 2000. Reproductive performance of purebred Swedish Landrace and Swedish Yorkshire sows: I. Seasonal variation and parity influence. Acta Agric. Scand., Sect. A -Anim. Sci. 50:205-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/090647000750014331
  17. Tummaruk, P., W. Tantasuparuk, M. Techakumphu and A. Kunavongkrit. 2004. Effect of season and outdoor climate on litter size at birth in purebred Landrace and Yorkshire sows in Thailand. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66:477-482. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.66.477
  18. Tummaruk, P., W. Tantasuparuk, M. Techakumphu and A. Kunavongkrit. 2007. Age, body weight and backfat thickness at first observed oestrus in crossbred LabdraceYorkshire gilts, seasonal variations and their influence on their subsequent reproductive performance. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 99:167-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.05.004

Cited by

  1. Fat and whey supplementation influence milk composition, backfat loss, and reproductive performance in lactating sows vol.46, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0559-8
  2. Postparturient disorders and backfat loss in tropical sows associated with parity, farrowing duration and type of antibiotic vol.47, pp.8, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0883-7
  3. Prevalence of constipation and its influence on post-parturient disorders in tropical sows vol.48, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0984-3
  4. Evaluation of three different patterns of feed intake during early lactation in lactating sows vol.89, pp.8, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13029
  5. Parturition in Mammals: Animal Models, Pain and Distress vol.11, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102960