DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Ecklonia cava on the Quality Kimchi during Fermentation

감태 첨가가 배추김치의 숙성 중 품질에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Hyun-Ah (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University) ;
  • Song, Yeong-Ok (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University) ;
  • Jang, Mi-Soon (Food and Safety Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Han, Ji-Sook (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2012.07.27
  • Accepted : 2012.12.04
  • Published : 2013.01.31

Abstract

To improve kimchi qualities, Ecklonia (E.) cava of 5%, 15% or 25% were added and the qualities investigated by measuring changes in physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics during fermentation at $5^{\circ}C$. The pH of kimchi with E. cava added decreased and acidity increased. The number of Leuconostoc sp. in kimchi reached its maximum at the optimum fermenting stage, the $16^{th}$ day in control kimchi and the $20^{th}$ day in the kimchi added E. cava. The optimum fermenting stage of the kimchi was retarded due to adding the E. cava. The reducing sugar contents was highest in kimchi with 25% E. cava during the early stage of fermentation. According to Hunter's color values, the lightness of the kimchi with E. cava added decreased during fermentation, while the redness increased as fermentation proceeded. The sensory scores for overall acceptance, taste, texture and appearance were highest in kimchi with 15% E. cava.

감태의 첨가량을 달리하여 김치를 제조한 후 $5^{\circ}C$에서 28일 동안 숙성시키면서, pH와 산도, 젖산균수 변화, 환원당 함량, 색도의 변화 및 관능성을 측정하였다. pH 및 산도는 담근 초기에는 감태 첨가량이 많을수록 pH는 낮아지고 산도는 높았다. 그러나 감태 첨가량이 많을수록 pH가 완만하게 감소되어 감태 첨가 김치의 발효숙성이 더디어짐을 알 수 있었다. Leuconostoc sp.와 Lactobacillus sp. 등의 젖산균수는 담금 초기에는 감태 첨가에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았지만 발효 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 Leuconostoc sp.의 경우 배추김치는 숙성 16일째, 감태 첨가 김치에서는 숙성 20일째까지 그 수가 증가하다가 그 이후에는 완만하게 감소하였다. 환원당 함량에서는 감태의 첨가량이 많을수록 환원당의 함량도 높았으며, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 모든 군에서의 환원당 함량이 감소되었다. 감태 첨가 김치는 발효가 진행될수록 명도가 감소하였고, 감태김치의 적색도는 적숙기까지는 증가하다 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, 생김치일 때 관능적 특성을 보면 전체적인 선호도는 감태를 첨가한 것이 첨가하지 않은 배추김치보다 높았고, 감태 첨가량에 따른 선호도는 15%가 가장 높았다. 적숙기 상태의 김치에서도 생김치일 때와 동일하게 감태 15% 첨가 김치의 평가가 가장 좋았다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bang BH, Seo JS, Jeong EJ. 2008. A method for maintaining good kimchi quality during fermentation. Korean J Food Nutr 21: 51-55.
  2. Lee MK, Rhee KK, Jang DJ. 2007. A survey of research papers on Korean kimchi and R&D trends. Korean J Food Culture 22: 104-114.
  3. Sim KH, Han YS. 2008. Effect of red pepper seed on kimchi antioxidant activity during fermentation. Food Sci Biotechnol 17: 295-301.
  4. Kim YJ, Pak WS, Koo KH, Kim MR, Jang JJ. 2000. Inhibitory effect of Baechu kimchi (Chinese cabbage kimchi ) and Kakduki (radish kimchi) on diethylnitrosamine and D-galactosamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Food Sci Biotechnol 9: 89-94.
  5. Lee JJ, Lee YM, Kim AR, Chang HC, Lee MY. 2008. Effect of Leuconostoc kimchi GJ2 isolated from kimchi (fermented Korean cabbage) on lipid metabolism in high cholesterolfed rats. Korean J Food Preserv 15: 760-768.
  6. Kim M, Lee SJ, Seul KJ, Park YM, Ghim SY. 2009. Characterization of antimicrobial substance produced by Lactobacillus paraplantarum KNUC25 isolated from kimchi . Korean J Microbiol Biotechnol 37: 24-32.
  7. Sung JM, Choi HY. 2009. Effects of Alaska Pollack addition on the quality of kimchi (Korean salted cabbage). Korean J Food Preserv 16: 772-781.
  8. Park LY, Jeong TS, Lee SH. 2008. Effects of Chaenomelis Fructus water extract on the quality characteristics of mul-kimchi during fermentation. Korean J Food Preserv 15: 669-674.
  9. Bae MS, Lee SC. 2008. Preparation and characteristics of kimchi with added Styelaclava. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 24: 573-579.
  10. Shin SM, La SH, Choi MK. 2007. A study on the quality characteristics of kimchi with mulberry leaf powder. Korean J Food & Nutr 20: 53-62.
  11. Jung YK, Oh SH, Kim SD. 2007. Fermentation and quality characteristics of Kwamaegi added kimchi. Korean J Food Preserv 14: 526-530.
  12. Yoon SS. 2008. A historical study of Korean traditional Kimchi. Korea Agro-Fisheries & Food Trade Corporation, Seoul, Korea. p 56-61.
  13. Kim SS. 1985. A scientific consideration of Korean traditional food. Sookmyung Women's University Press, Seoul, Korea. p 92-97.
  14. Kim SB, Lee TG, Park YB, Yeum DB, Kim YK, Do JR, Park YH. 1994. Isolation and characteristics of angiotensin- I converting enzyme inhibitory activity of peptic hydrolyzates of anchovy muscle protein. J Korean Fish Soc 27: 1-6.
  15. Opstvedt J. 1984. Fish fats. In Fats Animal Nutrition. Wiseman J, ed. Butterworth, London, UK. p 53-82.
  16. Kim JA, Lee JM. 2004. The changes in the chemical components and antioxidant activities in Ecklonia cava according to the drying methods. Korean Acad Family Medicine 42:193-203.
  17. Kang SR, Kim MH. 2009. The effect of Ecklonia cava extracts on bone turnover markers in ovariectomized rats. J Life Sci 19: 1841-1846. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2009.19.12.1841
  18. Athukorala Y, Kim KN, Jeon YJ. 2006. Antiproliferative and antioxidant properties of an enzymatic hydrolysate from brown alga, Ecklonia cava. Food Chem Toxicol 44: 1065- 1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.01.011
  19. Shin HC, Hwang HJ, Kang KJ, Lee BH. 2006. An antioxidative and antiinflammatory agent for potential treatment of osteoarthritis from Ecklonia cava. Arch Pharm Res 29: 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02974279
  20. Kong CS, Kim JA, Yoon NY, Kim SK. 2009. Induction of apoptosis by phloroglucinol derivative from Ecklonia cava in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 47: 1653-1658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.013
  21. Lee SH, Li Y, Karadeniz F, Kim MM, Kim SK. 2009. $\alpha$-Glucosidase and $\alpha$-amylase inhibitory activities of phloroglucinal derivatives from edible marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava. J Sci Food Agric 89: 1552-1558. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3623
  22. Ku HS, Noh JS, Yun YR, Kim HJ, Kwon MJ, Cheigh HS, Song YO. 2007. Weight reduction and lipid lowering effect of sea tangle added Korean cabbage kimchi . J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 36: 1140-1147. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.9.1140
  23. Shin HS. 1983. Theory and investigation of food analysis. Shinkwang Publishing Corp., Seoul, Korea. p 166-250.
  24. James GC, Sherman N. 1987. Microbiology: A laboratory manual. 2nd ed. Benjamin/Cummings Pub., New York, NY, USA. p 76.
  25. Yang YJ. 2004. A study on development of American preference kimchi with diet functionality. MS Thesis. Pusan National University, Busan, Korea. p 10.
  26. Kim KO, Kim SS, Sung RK, Lee YC. 1989. Method and adaptation of sensory test. Shinkwang Publishing Corp., Seoul, Korea. p 196-219.
  27. SAS. 1992. User's guide: Statistics. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  28. Park BH, Cho HS, Oh BY. 2002. Phycochemical characteristics of kimchi treated with chitosan during fermentation. Korean J Human Ecol 5: 85-93.
  29. Park WP, Cho YB, Lee SC, Kim JM, Lee MJ. 2001. Changes in kimchi quality as affected by the addition of boiled-dried fusiforme . J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30: 834-838.
  30. Park SK, Cho YS, Park JR, Moon JS, Lee YS. 1995. Changes in the contents of sugar, organic acid, free amino acid and nucleic acid related compounds during fermentation of mustard leaf kimchi. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 24: 48-53.
  31. Hong SP, Cho GS. 1995. Chemical components and functionality of seeweeds. Report of Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea. Vol 8, p 3-14.
  32. Cho Y, Yi JH, Hwang IK. 1998. Fermentative characteristics of Kimchi prepared by addition of different kinds of minor ingredients. Korean J Soc Food Sci 14: 1-10.
  33. Mheen TI, Kwon TW. 1984. Effect of temperature and salt concentration on kimchi fermentation. Korean J Food Sci Technol 16: 443-450.
  34. Moon SW, Lee MK. 2011. Effects of added harvey powder on the quality of Yulmoo Kimchi . J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40: 435-443. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.3.435
  35. Park WP, Park KD, Kim JH, Cho YB, Lee MJ. 2000. Effect of washing conditions in salted Chinese cabbage on the quality of kimchi. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 29: 30-34.
  36. Kim MK, Hwa GH, Kim MJ, Kim SD. 1994. Change in color of kimchi during fermentation. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 23: 274-278.

Cited by

  1. Variation of glucosinolate contents of 'Sinhongssam' grown under various light sources, periods, and light intensities vol.41, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7744/cnujas.2014.41.2.125
  2. Quality and sensory characteristics of commercial kimchi according to sodium contents vol.48, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2016.48.5.413
  3. The Quality Characteristics of Deodeok-Doenjang Pre-treated by Various Sugaring Methods during Storage vol.30, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2014.30.6.663
  4. Changes in the taste compounds of Kimchi with seafood added during its fermentation vol.20, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2013.20.3.404
  5. Quality Characteristics of Kimchi Added with Allium hookeri Root vol.42, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.10.1649
  6. Effect of Squid and Octopus on the Quality Characteristics of Kimchi during Fermentation vol.42, pp.12, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.12.2004
  7. Quality characteristics of kimchi with Allium hookeri root powder added vol.20, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2013.20.6.863
  8. A mathematical model to predict ripening degree of kimchi , a Korean fermented vegetable for meeting consumer preference and controlling shelf life on real time basis vol.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2017.02.002
  9. Quality Characteristics of Gat Kimchi Added with Cheonnyuncho Water Extract during Cold Storage vol.45, pp.12, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.12.1808
  10. Nutritional Evaluation and Comparison of New Pak Choi Cultivars from China with Chinese Cabbage Cultivars Popular in Korea vol.42, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.9.1412
  11. Production and Fermentation Characteristics of Mukeunji with a Mixed Starter vol.42, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.9.1467
  12. Changes in the Physicochemical Quality Characteristics of Cabbage Kimchi with respect to Storage Conditions vol.2017, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9562981
  13. 단기저장 절단배추 김치의 품질 특성 vol.24, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2017.24.2.215
  14. Correlation between Changes in Microbial/Physicochemical Properties and Persistence of Human Norovirus during Cabbage Kimchi Fermentation vol.27, pp.11, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1707.07041
  15. 포기김치와 맛김치의 미생물학적 및 이화학적 품질 특성 비교 vol.34, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7318/kjfc/2019.34.2.217
  16. Health-Promoting Constituents and Selected Quality Parameters of Different Types of Kimchi: Fermented Plant Products vol.2021, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9925344