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Land Use Changes and Climate Patterns in Southeast Korea

우리나라 동남부 지역의 토지 이용과 기후 패턴 변화 분석

  • Park, Sun-Yurp (Dept. of Geography Education, Pusan National University) ;
  • Tak, Han-Myeong (Dept. of Geography Education, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2013.02.07
  • Accepted : 2013.06.11
  • Published : 2013.06.30

Abstract

Landscape structure changes over the past three decades were determined with land use and land cover(LULC) maps, and their relationships with mean air temperature time series were the analyzed for the Busan metropolitan area and South Kyeongsang Province, Korea. The geometric structures of the LULC data were quantitatively represented based on FRAGSTATS, a spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. FRAGSTATS-derived landscape metrics confirmed that there were major changes in LULC and landscape fragmentation in the region. Meteorological observation records showed that mean air temperature had increased from $14.1^{\circ}C$ in the 1990's to $14.8^{\circ}C$ in the 2000's in Busan. For South Kyeongsang Province, they increased from $13.2^{\circ}C$ to $13.9^{\circ}C$ during the same time period. These long-term temperature changes are correlated with typical spatial pattern changes of LULC in the southeastern region of the country. Spatial metrics analysis showed that urban area expanded from 9.7% to 26.8% of Busan while forest and agricultural land decreased by 9.6% and 14.9%, respectively over the past thirty years. The significant urbanization are tightly associated with deforestation, removal of agricultural land, and fast temperature increases since the 1990's. The urban area of South Kyeongsang Province rapidly increased, and it became 12 times as large as it was. The degree of temperature increases differed among three different sub-regions. The temperature increasing rate was lowest in the coastal region while the colder mountainous region had the highest figure.

본 연구에서는 위성 자료를 기반으로 생성된 토지피복 정보를 시계열적인 분석을 통해 지난 30년간 부산 경남 지역의 경관 구조 변화를 추적하고 해당 지역 기온 변화와의 상관성을 파악하였다. 토지 피복 자료의 기하학적 구조를 정량화하기 위해 경관구조 분석 프로그램인 FRAGSTATS를 사용하여 토지피복별 경관지수를 산출하였다. 이를 통해 주요 토지이용의 변화상과 개발에 따른 경관의 분절화 과정을 확인하였다. 부산과 경남 지역의 10개 측후소 자료에 따르면, 부산의 평균 기온은 1980년대 $14.1^{\circ}C$에서 2000년대 $14.8^{\circ}C$로 증가하였고, 경남 지역의 평균 기온은 1980년대 $13.2^{\circ}C$에서 2000년대 $13.9^{\circ}C$로 증가하였다. 이러한 장기 기온 변화패턴은 도시화와 같은 우리나라 동남부의 전형적인 경관구조 변화와 상관성을 갖는 것으로 판단된다. 부산시 분석 자료에 의하면, 지난 30년간 도시역은 전체 면적의 9.7%에서 26.8%로 증가하였고, 산림과 농경지는 각각 58%에서 48.4%로, 28.3%에서 13.4%로 감소하였다. 해당 기간별 기온자료와 비교해보면, 도시역이 증가하고 산림과 농경지 면적이 꾸준히 감소함에 따라 부산의 평균기온이 1990년대 이후 큰 폭으로 증가하였다. 경남지역의 도시역 면적은 12배 이상 증가해 매우 빠른 도시화를 겪었다. 도시화에 따른 기온 변화는 지역적으로 구분되었는데, 경남 해안지역은 기온상승의 폭이 가장 낮았고 중부경남에 이어 내륙 산악지역에서 가장 높은 기온증가율이 나타났다.

Keywords

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